Lymphotropic antibiotic therapy of obstetrical suppurative-septic diseases]

The pharmacokinetics and efficacy of gentamicin after its direct and indirect endolymphatic administration were comparatively studied. It was shown that the time course of the blood pharmacokinetics of the antibiotic was almost the same as under the both conditions. Therefore, in many cases the less complicated and more available indirect endolymphatic therapy may replace the direct labor-consuming and traumatic endolymphatic administration of drugs.     

Epidemiological diagnosis of suppurative-septic hospital infections in surgery

The authors have analyzed the results of epidemiologic diagnosis of suppurative-septic hospital infections after surgery, that helped them develop a preventive system permitting a decrease of the incidence rate of suppurative-septic infections in surgery 1.8-fold within a year. The main features of the epidemic process in suppurative-septic infections is described. A total systems approach to epidemiological diagnosis is necessitated.     

Variability of ceftazidime pharmacokinetics in children with suppurative-septic diseases

Marked variability of the ceftazidime pharmacokinetics (Cmax and T1/2) was observed in 3 newborns and 2 infants with purulent septic infections. The patients were under complex treatment in a reanimation unit (artificial pulmonary ventilation, infusions). It was recommended to perform the treatment with monitoring the antibiotic plasma concentrations to prevent the drug failure because of the changes in the distribution and excretion patterns. The use of HPLC for the purpose is advisable.     

Prospective means of decreasing suppurative-septic diseases in puerperae and newborn infants

The comparative analysis of the occurrence of purulent septic diseases in mothers during the puerperal period and in newborns, observed in a maternity hospital before and after the introduction of the system of keeping newborns together with their mothers, showed a considerable decrease in the morbidity rate among newborn infants (6 times) and in occurrence of mastitis among puerperae (30 times). This is attributed to a decrease in the frequency of the colonization of newborns and mothers in the puerperal period by the hospital strains of staphylococci belonging to epidemic phagotypes. The gradual elimination of staphylococci of phagotype 80, which dominated for several years, from the hospital was observed. To decrease the morbidity rate, the introduction of the system of keeping newborn infants with their mothers in all maternity hospitals of the USSR is proposed.     

Serological diagnosis of jellyfish envenomations

1. A good correlation between the clinical and serological identification of envenomating jellyfish could be made on 30 healthy individuals and 74 patients stung by known species. 2. Six patients and one previous case were known to be false positive reactors. 3. Two of these individuals had dermatitis, one was asthmatic, three had previous significant hymenoptera envenomations and one was apparently normal. 4. Specific anti-jellyfish IgG serum concentrations would appear a few days after envenomation and persist for many months, even at high concentrations. 5. Significant numbers of patients exhibited cross reacting antibodies to other jellyfish, but no consistent pattern could be detected. 6. Significant titers were defined as those whose sera was positive after being be diluted 50-fold or greater. 7. Species specific IgM concentrations were regarded as significant only if their sera could be adsorbed against the homologous jellyfish antigen and the difference between adsorbed and non-adsorbed sera which were still positive was 50-fold. 8. Elevated persistent specific anti-jellyfish serum IgG concentrations which were still reactive if diluted 3000-fold were not protective against the cutaneous pain resulting from a natural sting.     

The computer system of monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenetic bacteria causing suppurative-septic diseases

A system for surveillance of drug resistance of etiologically important microorganisms in obstetric units and burn and sepsis centres was developed. Realization of the system with various methods is possible in case of permanent control and comparison of the results. The overwhelming majority (up to 90 per cent) of the etiologically important microorganisms were multiresistant. An information bank was filed. It could be used as a basis for developing principles of strategy and tactics in rational antibiotic therapy.     

Serological diagnosis of Campylobacter jejuni infections

Antibody level to Campylobacter in 28 sera of patients of whom Campylobacter infection was confirmed by germ isolation from feces was tested. The investigation was performed using passive haemagglutination technique and as antigens heated and acid glycine extraction prepared from homologous and reference strains. For the method used the heated antigen proved to be superior. Out of 28 tested patients of whom 92.8% were children, 8 sera were positive, 9 doubtful and 9, derived mainly from neonates (0-14 month of age), were negative.     

Serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection

Since the first isolation of the apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum, a range of serological assays have been developed for use in dogs, cattle and a variety of other potential host species. The tests include the indirect fluorescent antibody test, the direct agglutination test and different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. This article reviews the principles and properties of the available tests which are discussed in relation to different applications.