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1.
Prostaglandins PGE1 and PGE2 extracted from bovine semen, purified via silicic column chromatography were quantified by gas chromatography as their methoxime methyl ester trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The PGE1 and PGE2 concentrations of 19 bovine semen samples ranged from 395 ± 225 and 487 ± 407 ng/ml, respectively. A constant 1:1 ratio between PGE1 and PGE2 was observed. There was no relationship between PGE and sperm motility, but high sperm counts were generally associated with decreased PGE levels. The direct precursors of PGE1 and PGE2, i.e. 20:3n6 and 20:4n6, occurred in low concentrations compared to other related unsaturated fatty acids, i.e. 18:2n6 and 22:5n6 of the n-6 family. 相似文献
2.
P.J. Pasricha P.M. Hassoun E. Teufel M.J. Landman B.L. Fanburg 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1992,43(1)
Prostaglandins E1 and E2 are thought to be inhibitors of the growth of systemic vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, their effect on the proliferation of SMC from the pulmonary artery (PA) has not been described and was the subject of this investigation. Cultures of bovine PA SMC were exposed to PGE1 and PGE2 under various conditions and their growth was assessed. PGE1 and PGE2 did not inhibit the growth of PA SMC in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), but instead caused a dose dependent (10 ng - 1 μg/ml) increase in [3H]-thymidine incorporation when added to cultures containing 0.5% FCS; the highest doses resulted in 95% and 75% increases in [3H]-thymidine uptake at 24 hours with PGE1 and PGE2 respectively. This was accompanied by a modest increase in actual cell numbers (e.g., 20% with 1 μg/ml PGE1). Furthermore, PGE1 could mimic insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) by potentiating the stimulation of SMC growth by fibroblast growth factor, suggesting that PGE1 may act as a progression factor in the growth cycle of these cells. There was, however, no effect of PGE1 on the proliferation of bovine aortic SMC. We conclude that, contrary to most reported effects on systemic SMC, PGE1 and PGE2 do not inhibit the proliferation of PA SMC but rather stimulate it. 相似文献
3.
To evaluate the details of the adrenergic stimulation of urinary prostaglandins in man, ten normal volunteers were given various agonists and antagonists. The effect of 4 hour IV infusions of norepinephrine (NE), NE + phentolamine (PHT), NE + phenoxybenzamine (PHB), NE + prazosin (PZ), isoproterenol (ISO), and PHT alone on urinary PGE2 and PGI2 (6 keto PGF1α) were determined. PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1α were measured by radioimmunoassay from 4 hour urine samples. NE stimulated both PGE2 (196±40 to 370±84 ng/4 hrs/g creatinine and 6 keto PGF1α(184±30 to 326±36), both p<0.01. In contrast, ISO had no effect on either PGE2 or 6 keto PGF1α excretion. Alpha blockade with PHT. PHB, or PZ inhibited the NE induced systemic pressor effect. However, the effect of the alpha blockers on the NE induced stimulation of PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1α varied. PHT did not alter the NE stimulated PGE2 or 6 keto PGF1α release (370±84 vs. 381±80) PGE2 and (326±50 vs. 315±40) 6 keto PGF1α, both p>0.2). PHT alone stimulated only 6 keto PGF1α. PHB and the specific α1 antagonist PZ similarly eliminated the NE induced prostaglandin release. These results suggest that adrenergically mediated urinary prostaglandin release in man is via an alpha receptor with α1 characteristics. 相似文献
4.
C. Patrono . Wennmalm G. Ciabattoni J. Nowak F. Pugliese G.A. Cinotti 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1979,18(4)
In order to verify the validity of the assumption that male urinary Prostaglandin (PG) E2 reflects its renal production, PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in the renal venous plasma (RVP) and urine (U) of 12 male and 4 female healthy volunteers. While women had a similar PGE2/PGF2α ratio in RVP (0.59 ± 0.18) and U (0.41 ± 0.06), men had a significantly (p< 0.05) higher ratio in U (1.43 ± 1.72) as compared to RVP (0.54 ± 0.16). This was largely due to considerably higher and more variable U-PGE2 concentrations (roughly 6 times higher than female values), despite almost identical RVP levels. The possibility of an increased U excretion of a cross-reacting member of the PG-system, as a cuase of such apparently high PGE2-like immunoreactivity (LI), was ruled out by TLC characterization of PGE2-LI with three different anti-PGE2 sera. Thus, male U-PGE2 may variably reflect an extra-renal source, such as contamination with trace amounts of seminal fluid. It is concluded that, unless such a contamination can be monitored and corrected for, measurement of male U-PGE2 should be considered of questionable relevance to renal PG-synthesis. 相似文献
5.
J.A. Weber G.L. Woods D.A. Freeman D.K. Vanderwall 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1992,43(1)
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secreted by Day-6, Day-7, Day-8 and Day-9 equine embryos (ovulation = Day 0) during in vitro incubation was measured by radioimmunoassay. Embryonic PGE2 secretion (ng/embryo/24 hr) was detectable on Day 6 (0.27±0.39), tended to increase (P <0.1) on Day 7 (0.57±0.88), and increased significantly (P <0.05) on Day 8 (2.23±0.86) and Day 9 (4.13±0.71). Embryo diameter at the start of the incubation period was linearly correlated (P <0.01) to embryonic PGE2 secretion. 相似文献
6.
Yoshie S. Weems Aaron Raney John Pang Tracie Uchima Esther Lennon Drew Johnson Torrence M. Nett Ronald D. Randel Charles W. Weems 《Theriogenology》2013
The objective of this study was to determine whether prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) prevents premature luteolysis in ewes when progesterone is given during the first 6 days of the estrous cycle. Progesterone (3 mg in oil, im) given twice daily from Days 1 to 6 (estrus = Day 0) in ewes decreased (P < 0.05) luteal weights on Day 10 postestrus. Plasma progesterone concentrations differed (P < 0.05) among the treatment groups; toward the end of the experimental period, concentrations in jugular venous blood decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the other treatment groups. Plasma progesterone concentrations in ewes receiving PGE1 or PGE1 + progesterone were greater (P < 0.05) than in vehicle controls or in ewes receiving PGE2 or PGE2 or PGE2 + progesterone. Chronic intrauterine treatment with PGE1 or PGE2 prevented (P < 0.05) decreases in plasma progesterone concentrations, luteal weights, and the proportion of luteal unoccupied and occupied LH receptors on Day 10 postestrus in ewes given exogenous progesterone, but did not affect (P > 0.05) concentrations of PGF2α in inferior vena cava blood. Progesterone given on Days 1 to 6 in ewes advanced (P < 0.05) increases in PGF2α in inferior vena cava blood. We concluded that PGE1 or PGE2 prevented progesterone-induced premature luteolysis by suppressing loss of luteal LH receptors (both unoccupied and occupied). 相似文献
7.
The crystal and molecular structure of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with Z = 1 and
,
,
, α = 87.347°, β = 94.042°, and γ = 91.010°. Gauche-gauche interactions appear in both side chains. The efficient molecular packing and hydrogen bonding network appears to stabilize the observed molecular conformation. 相似文献
8.
L.A. Reichard H.D. Hafs N.B. Haynes R.J. Collier T.E. Kiser M.S. McCarthy 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1978,16(1):135-142
Two experiments were conducted, the first to compare sperm output and the second to determine serum testosterone in rabbits given PGF2α or PGE2. In the first, six rabbits were ejaculated twice each Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 5 weeks. Each rabbit was given subcutaneously (sc) each of the following treatments five times: 1) saline, 2) 5 mg PGF2α and 3) 5 mg PGE2. Treatments were given, half at 4 hr and half at 2 hr before first ejaculations. Both PGF2α and PGE2 caused increased (50% and 84%) sperm content of first ejacula, without significantly altering characteristics of second ejacula. The extra sperm in first ejacula was a function of increased sperm density, because seminal volume was unaltered.In the second experiment, 15 rabbits were bled at 0.5-hr intervals for 9 hr and given (sc): 1) saline at 1 and 3 hr (n=4), 2) 2.5 mg PGF2α at 1 and 3 hr (n=4), 3) 2.5 mg PGE2 at 1 and 3 hr (n=4) or 4) 5 mg PGF2α at 1 hr after the onset of blood sampling. In saline-treated controls, episodic surges of testosterone occurred on the average every 5 hours. After the injection of 2.5 or 5.0 mg PGF2α, serum testosterone began to rise at 0.5 hr, peaked (8 to 13 ng/ml) at 1 hr and approached a nadir (0.5 ng/ml) within 4 hours. The second injection of 2.5 mg PGF2α failed to significantly affect serum testosterone. PGE2 treatment was followed by significantly depressed serum testosterone; only 1 of these 4 rabbits had any surge of testosterone for the 8 hr after treatment. In conclusion, PGF2α and PGE2 both increased sperm output, but PGF2α increased serum testosterone while PGE2 depressed serum testosterone. Thus, the sperm output effect of these prostaglandins probably is independent of the acute changes in testosterone secretion. 相似文献
9.
Yoshie S. Weems John Pang Aaron Raney Tracie Uchima Esther Lennon Drew Johnson Torrance M. Nett Ronald D. Randel Charles W. Weems 《Theriogenology》2014
The objective of this study was to determine whether PGE1 or PGE2 prevents a premature luteolysis when oxytocin is given on Days 1 to 6 of the ovine estrous cycle. Oxytocin given into the jugular vein every 8 hours on Days 1 to 6 postestrus in ewes decreased (P ≤ 0.05) luteal weights on Day 8 postestrus. Plasma progesterone differed (P ≤ 0.05) among the treatment groups; toward the end of the experimental period, concentrations of circulating progesterone in the oxytocin-only treatment group decreased (P ≤ 0.05) when compared with the other treatment groups. Plasma progesterone concentrations in ewes receiving PGE1 or PGE1 + oxytocin were greater (P ≤ 0.05) than in vehicle controls or in ewes receiving PGE2 or PGE2 + oxytocin and was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in all treatment groups receiving PGE1 or PGE2 than in ewes treated only with oxytocin. Chronic intrauterine treatment with PGE1 or PGE2 also prevented (P ≤ 0.05) oxytocin decreases in luteal unoccupied and occupied LH receptors on Day 8 postestrus. Oxytocin given alone on Days 1 to 6 postestrus in ewes advanced (P ≤ 0.05) increases in PGF2α in inferior vena cava or uterine venous blood. PGE1 or PGE2 given alone did not affect (P ≥ 0.05) concentrations of PGF2α in inferior vena cava and uterine venous blood when compared with vehicle controls or oxytocin-induced PGF2α increases (P ≤ 0.05) in inferior vena cava or uterine venous blood. We concluded that PGE1 or PGE2 prevented oxytocin-induced premature luteolysis by preventing a loss of luteal unoccupied and occupied LH receptors. 相似文献
10.
R.A. Levine E.H. Schwartzel Jr. P.A. Randall S. Bachman 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1979,18(1):63-72
The action of prostaglandins and indomethacin on gastric mucosal cyclic nucleotide concentrations was evaluated in 18 anesthetized mongrel dogs. Prostaglandins E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2) (25 μg/kg bolus, then 2 μg/kg/min) were administered both intravenously (4 experiments; femoral vein) and directly into the gastric mucosal circulation (10 experiments; superior mesenteric artery). The possible synergistic effect of pre-treatment and continuous arterial infusion of indomethacin (5 mg/kg bolus for 5 min, then 5 mg/min), a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, with PGE2 was studied in 4 experiments. Antral and fundic mucosa were biopsied and measured by radioimmunoassay for cyclic nucleotides. Doses of PGE1 and PGE2 which inhibited histamine-stimulated canine gastric acid secretion did not significantly alter antral or fundic mucosal cyclic nucleotide concentrations. Concomitant infusion of PGE2 with indomethacin did not potentiate the mucosal nucleotide response compared to PGE2 alone. These studies fail to implicate cyclic nucleotides as mediators of the inhibitory acid response induced by PGE1 or PGE2 in intact dog stomach. 相似文献
11.
S.J. Konturek E.M. Miko R. Krl Z. Wierzbicki M. Dobrzaska 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1978,15(4):591-602
Previous studies of the effect of E series prostaglandins /PGs/ on insulin secretion gave conflicting results in animals and little information in man. This study was designed to determine the effect of methylated PGE2 analogue /15/S/-15-methyl PGE2 methyl ester/, given orally, intraduodenally or intravenously, on insulin secretion, both under basal conditions and in response to intraduodenal or intravenous administration of glucose in 22 male volunteers. Methylated PGE2 kept basal serum insulin level unchanged, but significantly reduced insulin response by 15 ± 6 μU/ml to intravenous glucose pulse injection /0.1 g/kg/ or by 45 ± 11 μU/ml to intraduodenal glucose infusion /0.5 g/kg-hr/. Blood glucose level was unaffected in tests with intraduodenal methylated PGE2, but in tests with intravenous administration it was significantly reduced. These studies demonstrate that methylated PGE2 analogue given orally, intraduodenally or intravenously results in a potent suppression of insulin response to glucose challenge. 相似文献
12.
Quantitative assays for prostaglandins (PG) E1 and PGF1α are described using [3,3,4,4,5,6-2H6]labeled prostaglandins as carriers and methyl ester-O-methyloxime-acetate (PGE1) and methyl ester-acetate (PGF1α) derivatives for gas - liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis. Thin-layer argentation chromatography was used to separate PGE1 from PGE2 and 13, 14-dihydro-PGE2. These latter compounds, which do not separate from PGE1 using conventional thin-layer chromatography or under the gas - liquid chromatographic conditions used, can significantly interfere with the quantitative analysis of PGE1. The method described prevents this interference and is therefore suitable for the accurate analysis of PGE1 in biological samples containing a high concentration of PGE2 and/or 13, 14-dihydro-PGE2. 相似文献
13.
It previously has been suggested that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) relaxes the ductus arteriosus in a low but not in an elevated oxygen environment. However, in the experiments reported here PGE1 relaxed rings on fetal lamb ductus arteriosus
at both low (14 to 20 torr) and high (680 to 720 torr) oxygen tensions. The threshold concentration for PGE1 was 10−10 M in either PO2 and the ED50's of PGE1 relaxation in high and low oxygen were 8.5 ± 3.4 × 10−10 M and 5.5 ± 0.7 × 10−10 M respectively. The magnitude of the relaxation was greater for the oxygen contracted ductus arteriosus than for that exposed to low oxygen. It is suggested that earlier reports of the lack of response of the ductus arteriosus to PGE1 in a high oxygen environment following relaxation in a low oxygen environment may be related to loss of response of the ductus arteriosus to repeated doses of PGE1 rather than to differences in PO2. Prostaglandin E1 therefore may play a significant role in the regulation of ductus arteriosus tone in the elevated oxygen environment of the newborn as well as the low oxygen environment of the fetus. 相似文献
14.
Twenty crossbred gilts with at least 2 consecutive estrous cycles of 18 to 21 days in length were used to study the effects of prostaglandins E2 and F2α (PGE2 and PGF2α) on luteal function in indomethacin (INDO) treated cycling gilts. Intrauterine and jugular vein catheters were surgically palced before day 7 of the treatment estrous cycle and gilts were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups (4/groups). With exception of the controls (Group I) all gilts received 3.3 mg/kg INDO every 8 h, Groups III, IV and V received 2.5 mg PGF2; 2.5 mg PGF2α + 400 μg PGE2 every 4 hr, or 400μg PGE2 every 4 h, respectively. All treatments were initiated on day 7 and continued until estrus or day 23. Jugular blood for progesterone analysis was collected twice daily from day 7 to 30. Estradiol-17β (E2-17β) concentrations were dtermined in samples collected twice daily, from 2 d before until 2 d following the day of estrus onset. When compared to pretreatment values, estrous cycle length was unaffected (P>0.05) in Group I, prolonged (P<0.05) in Groups II, IV and V; and shortened (P<0.05) in Group III. The decline in plasma progesterone concentration that normally occurs around day 15 was unaffected (P>.05) in Group I; delayed (P<0.05) in Groups II, IV and V; and occurred early (P<0.05) in Group III. Mean E2-17β remained high (31.2 ± 4.9 to 49.3 ± 3.1 pg/ml) in Groups III and IV, while the mean concentrations in Groups III and V varied considerably (17.0 ± 2.0 to 52.2 ± 3.5 pg/ml). The results of this study have shown that PGE2 will counteract the effects of PGF2α in INDO treated cycling gilts. The inclusion of PGF2α appeared to either stimulate E2-17β secretion or maintain it at a higher level than other treatments. 相似文献
15.
It has been reported that hyperventilation (HV) increases the release of vasodilative prostaglandins (PGs) from animal lungs. However, it has not yet been clarified whether or not the results obtained from animal experiments are applicable to humans. To confirm this point, we performed this study. Healthy male volunteers, aged 22–28 years, were divided into two groups. Group I (n=11) breathed room air and showed respiratory alkalosis. Group II(n=11) breathed room air containing 5% CO2 and maintained normal arterial blood pH. Each subject hyperventilated voluntarily and vigorously for 10 min. The mean values of respiratory rates, tidal volumes and minute volumes during HV were 42.1±6.2 breaths/min, 1390±280 ml and 58.5±15.2 l/min, respectively. Arterial and venous blood samples were drawn simultaneously before and after HV from brachial artery and medial cubital vein, respectively. Plasma 6-keto PGF1 α, a metabolite of PGI2, and PGE2 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). After HV, concentrations of 6-keto PG F1 α and PGE2 in both arterial and venous blood were increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the levels of 6-keto PGF1 α and PGE2 between two groups, nor between arterial and venous blood either before or after HV. We concluded that voluntary HV stimulates the release of PGI2 and PGE2 from lung in humans and respiratory alkalosis has no significant effect on the release of PGs. 相似文献
16.
Roberto P. Rosenkranz 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1978,15(6):925-942
Intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandins E1 or E2 was shown to block, while PGF2α increased the incidence of tonic convulsion due to electroshock in mice. The Prostaglandins were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to conscious mice by a modification of Haley and McCormick's method (1) prior to a transcorneal maximal electroshock (MES) or a transcorneal supra-maximal electroshock (SMES). PGE1 and PGE2 i.c.v. blocked the tonic hindlimb extension (THE) and protected the animals from death induced by MES with ED50's for PGE1 and PGE2 for inhibition of the THE of 6.6 (4.3–12.0) μg/mouse i.c.v. and 13.3 (8.9–22.4) μg/mouse i.c.v. respectively. When PGE2 was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in doses as high as 4.0 mg/kg it did not block the THE. However, the duration of the THE as well as the mortality were reduced by doses of 0.5–4.0 mg/kg PGE2 i.p.. Both PGE1 and PGE2 were shown to cause a dose related significant (p<.001) decrease in the duration of the THE with SMES in doses of 1–10 μg/mouse i.c.v. for PGE1 and 2–40 μg/mouse i.c.v. for PGE2. PGF2α, administered i.c.v. prior to a transcorneal electroshock equivalent to a current at the ED1 level, increased the incidence of the THE as well as the mortality in doses of 20–50 μg/mouse. 相似文献
17.
Elizabeth J. McCosh Donald L. Meyer Jacqueline Dupont 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1976,12(4):471-486
A radioimmunoassay procedure for the determination of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2α is presented. The procedure involves the pre-precipitation of each prostaglandin specific antiserum with the precipitating antisera (ARGG), and the use of these antisera mixtures in assaying for PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2α. Applicability of the methods to unextracted plasma, serum and myocardial homogenate has been demonstrated through tests of specificity, recovery, reproducability and parallelism. A mathematical correction for cross-reactivity between PGE1 and PGE2, and their opposing antisera is given. To demonstrate the utility of the methodology in differentiation of experimental variables, prostaglandin concentrations in unincubated serum, incubated serum, and the rate of prostaglandin production in serum of dogs are given. 相似文献
18.
The stability of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in three physiologic solutions was studied at body temperature (37°C) over 32 days. The solutions were 100 mcg/ml PGE1 in isotonic saline (pH 4.5), 0.1 M phoshate buffered water (pH 7.4) or 0.01 M phosphate buffered isotonic saline (pH 4.7). PGE1 was found to be more stable in the saline and buffered saline solutions at the pH values of 4.5 and 4.7 respectively. Twenty-five per cent of the PGE1 remained at 32 days in these solutions while 95% of the PGE1 in the solution at pH 7.4 was degraded by day 14. The degradation of PGE1 in the acidic solutions appeared to be nearly linear when plotted on a semi-log graph. This data allows one to use PGE1 in an aqueous, slightly acidic solution in a system that requires it to be kept at 37°C for up to 30 days such as a biologically implantable pump. Investigators can use such a system
to study the effect of known concentrations of PGE1 given over a period of time to a specific area of interest. 相似文献
19.
Mokhtar Toppozada M.D. Ahmad Gaafar M.D. Said Shaala M.D. 《Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators》1974,8(5):401-410
The discrepancy between the effect of PGE2 on the non-pregnant myometrium
(relaxation) as compared to
(stimulation) has not yet been solved. Nine women in the early post-menopause volunteered for the investigation. Prostaglandin (PG) F2α or E2 was administered either by single intravenous (i.v.) injection or by intra-uterine instillation and the uterine contractility was recorded by the microballoon technique. The response of the menopausal uterus to i.v. injections of PGF2α or PGE2 was characterized by rapid stimulation while intra-uterine instillation of PGF2α induced gradual but sustained elevation of uterine tonus. However, the intra-uterine injection of PGE2 caused inhibition of different components of uterine contractility. The fact that PGE2 can also inhibit the
motility of the menopausal non-pregnant uterus coincides with earlier
results i.e. the discrepancy may not exist. Moreover, in one cycling patient (13–18th days of the menstrual cycle) similar results were also obtained. Two theories were offered to explain why PGE2 stimulated the uterus when given as a single i.v. injection but inhibited the same organ when instilled locally into the uterine cavity. 相似文献
20.
Levuglandin E2 (LGE2), a γ-ketoaldehyde produced by rearrangement of the prostaglandin endoperoxide PGH2 under the aqueous conditions of its biosynthesis, causes extensive intermolecular crosslinking of ovalbumin at pH 6 or pH 7 and 37°C. The time dependence of protein oligomerization is monitored by SDS-PAGE. Effects of pH and concentration on the extent of LGE2-induced crosslinking are examined. The efficacy of LGE2 for inducing crosslinking is compared with other oxidative metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), including the prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, PGA2, PGB2, and PGF2α, as well as malondialdehyde and E-4-hydroxy-non-2-enal. LGE2 is orders of magnitude more effective in crosslinking protein than any other cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase metabolite of AA tested. 相似文献