The NOXO1β PX domain preferentially targets PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3

NOXO1β [NOXO1 (Nox organizer 1) β] is a cytosolic protein that, in conjunction with NOXA1 (Nox activator 1), regulates generation of reactive oxygen species by the NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) enzyme complex. NOXO1β is targeted to membranes through an N-terminal PX (phox homology) domain. We have used NMR spectroscopy to solve the structure of the NOXO1β PX domain and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to assess phospholipid specificity. The solution structure of the NOXO1β PX domain shows greatest similarity to that of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-C2α PX domain with regard to the positions and types of residues that are predicted to interact with phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PtdInsP) head groups. SPR experiments identify PtdIns(4,5)P(2) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) as preferred targets of NOXO1β PX. These findings contrast with previous lipid overlay experiments showing strongest binding to monophosphorylated PtdInsP and phosphatidylserine. Our data suggest that localized membrane accumulation of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) or PtdIns(3,4,5)P(2) may serve to recruit NOXO1β and activate Nox1.     

Successful hybridisation of normally incompatible hybrid aspen (Populus tremula?��?P. tremuloides) and eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides)

Hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) belong to the section Populus. Eastern cottonwood (P. deltoides) is a member of the section Aigeiros within the genus Populus. These poplar sections are generally considered to be incompatible. Here, we describe successful hybridisation between these parents, producing an offspring family with 27 individuals. The hybrid character of individuals was proven by genotypes at 16 nuclear microsatellite loci. One individual was suspected to have more than the diploid chromosome number of 2n = 38 due to the observation of more than two alleles at several loci. This individual is a triploid, ascertained by flow cytometry. Two distinct growth classes of tall and dwarf plants were observed in the progeny, reflecting different degrees of postzygotic incompatibility. Two loci linked to the tested microsatellites have an effect on height growth. Some fast-growing individuals were micropropagated to test them for biomass performance together with other clones in field trials.     

~(32)P诱变龟裂链霉菌初报

有关~(32)P诱变抗生素产生菌的报道很少。我们曾于73年底探索过该诱变因子对龟裂链霉菌(Streptomyces rimosus)的诱变作用,实验结果如下。将龟裂链霉菌8-1768菌株的孢子悬液在含有NaH_2~(32)PO_4(比放射性为0.244毫居里/毫     

Comparative Analysis of Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of (Populus simonii × P. nigra) × (P. nigra × P. simonii) Hybrid Clones of Different Ploidides

To evaluate differences among poplar clones of various ploidies, 12 hybrid poplar clones (P. simonii × P. nigra) × (P. nigra × P. simonii) with different ploidies were used to study phenotypic variation in growth traits and photosynthetic characteristics. Analysis of variance showed remarkable differences for each of the investigated traits among these clones (P < 0.01). Coefficients of phenotypic variation (PCV) ranged from 2.38% to 56.71%, and repeatability ranged from 0.656 to 0.987. The Pn (photosynthetic rate) photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) curves of the 12 clones were S-shaped, but the Pn-ambient CO₂ (Ca) curves were shaped like an inverted “V”. The stomatal conductance (Gs)-PPFD and transpiration rate (Tr)-PPFD curves had an upward tendency; however, with increasing PFFD, the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci)-PPFD curves had a downward tendency in all of the clones. The Pn-PPFD and Pn-Ca curves followed the pattern of a quadratic equation. The average light saturation point and light compensation point of the triploid clones were the highest and lowest, respectively, among the three types of clones. For Pn-Ca curves, diploid clones had a higher average CO₂ saturation point and average CO₂ compensation point compared with triploid and tetraploid clones. Correlation analyses indicated that all investigated traits were strongly correlated with each other. In future studies, molecular methods should be used to analyze poplar clones of different ploidies to improve our understanding of the growth and development mechanisms of polyploidy.     

巴斯德毕赤酵母(P.pastoris)高密度发酵研究进展

高密度发酵已经成为提高毕赤酵母目的蛋白表达量的关键技术之一,而其中发酵工艺又是高密度发酵的一个重要因素。主要从巴斯德毕赤酵母遗传学特性、表达宿主菌、表达载体、外源蛋白的表达方面进行了阐述,并从毕赤酵母工程菌的选择、培养基的优化设计、发酵过程关键参数调控以及甲醇诱导等方面阐述毕赤酵母的高密度发酵。最后,提出了巴斯德毕赤酵母高密度发酵过程中存在的问题并进行展望。     

NAD(P)依赖型氧化还原酶分离纯化技术进展

NAD(P)依赖型的氧化还原酶是一类重要的生物催化剂,在生物合成中被广泛应用。以亲和技术为基础的分离纯化方法与其它分离制备方法相比具有高选择性、高活力回收等优点。本文着重讨论亲和色谱技术在NAD(P)依赖型的氧化还原酶的分离纯化及制备中的研究进展。     

NAD(P)H, a directly operating antioxidant?

Endogenous oxygen- and nitrogen-centered free radicals are considered to play a decisive role in a variety of diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Directly operating antioxidants limit the action of freely diffusing radicals by scavenging the attacking, oxidizing radical and re-reducing the oxidized biomolecule, i.e., the biomolecule-derived radical. From textbooks of biochemistry it is understood that NAD(P)H acts as a hydride (hydrogen anion) donor in a variety of enzymatic processes. One example is the re-reduction of GSSG to GSH, catalyzed by glutathione reductase. Because of this reaction, NADPH has been suggested to also act as an indirectly operating antioxidant, thus maintaining the antioxidative power of glutathione. To the best of our knowledge, however, neither NADPH nor NADH has been considered to be directly operating antioxidants. Based on recently published data, new experiments, and theoretical considerations, we propose that NAD(P)H represents a decisive, directly operating antioxidant that should be considered of major importance in the mitochondrial compartment. NAD(P)H fulfills this task both by scavenging toxic free radicals and repairing biomolecule-derived radicals.     

植物中~(32)P的Cerenkov效应测量

放射性同位素应用技术,已成为植物、植物生理学研究中不可缺少的手段。用这种技术在研究植物的各种代谢过程中,发挥了巨大的作用。目前,Cerenkov计数的方法已经广泛     

烟叶蛋白(F─1─P)功能特性

烟叶蛋白（Ｆ─１─Ｐ）功能特性储植摘译（海安县韩洋中学）烟草（ＮｉｃｏｔｉａｎａｔａｋａｃｕｍＬ）栽培种Ｎｃ９５，直播，密度约５０００００株／ｈａ，长至６０ｃｍ高时，收获其生物产量并制取Ｆ─１─Ｐ晶体。这种蛋白质，或者是结晶悬浮液，或者是ｐＨ８．５溶...     

PI(3,4,5)P3 potentiates phospholipase C-β activity

Phospholipase C-β (PLC-β) isozymes are key effectors in G protein-coupled signaling pathways. Previously, we showed that PLC-β1 and PLC-β3 bound immobilized PIP₃. In this study, PIP₃ was found to potentiate Ca²⁺-stimulated PLC-β activities using an in vitro reconstitution assay. LY294002, a specific PI 3-kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibited 10 min of agonist-stimulated total IP accumulation. Both LY294002 and wortmannin inhibited 90 sec of agonist-stimulated IP₃ accumulation in intact cells. Moreover, transfected p110CAAX, a constitutively activated PI 3-kinase catalytic subunit, increased 90 sec of oxytocin-stimulated IP₃ accumulation. Receptor-ligand binding assays indicated that LY294002 did not affect G protein-coupled receptors directly, suggesting a physiological role for PIP₃ in directly potentiating PLC-β activity. When coexpressed with p110CAAX, fluorescence-tagged PLC-β3 was increasingly localized to the plasma membrane. Additional observations suggest that the PH domain of PLC-β is not important for p110CAAX-induced membrane association.     

血卟啉衍生物光敏引起NAD(P)H氧化作用研究

血卟啉衍生物(HPD)光敏引起NAD(P)H氧化为中介的luminol化学发光(CL)与多种因素有关,如pH、激光功率密度、照光时间以及luminol、HPD以及底物NAD(P)H浓度等的改变都可引起CL的变化.当NAD(P)H浓度远远大于HPD浓度时,CL强度与HPD浓度成正比关系,这表明化学发光测定可以作为检测HPD光敏反应的指标,而且HPD敏化的NAD(P)H光氧化过程中化学发光的产生是与活性氧物质(ROS)有关的.选择性应用O_2、H_2O_2、OH、~1O_2的专一性清除剂研究ROS及~1O_2在HPD敏化的NAD(P)H氧化过程中的作用,其主要结果如下:(1)NAD(P)H光氧化为中介的lumlnol化学发光在水溶液中受到铜锌超氧化物岐化酶(CuZn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和甲酸钠(F)的抑制,在D_2O中受到His和Met的抑制.1μg/ml的CuZn-SOD抑制可达84%,但再增加酶量,抑制程度不再增加;CAT的抑制作用也出现类似情况;F的抑制作用较弱,在14—42mM浓度范围内,抑制程度不超过60%.(2)CuZn-SOD对化学发光的抑制作用随照光时间延长而持续下降,而CAT和F的抑制作用却随照光时间延长而有上升的趋势.His和Met在D_2O中的作用比较复杂.(3)观察伴随NAD(P)H光氧化失活时OD_(340)值的变化,发现ROS清除剂在H_2O中对失活有保护作用,而~1O_2猝灭剂His和Met在D_2O中对失活有保护作用.上述清除剂和猝灭剂     

DNA5′端~(32)P标记方法

在DNA的结构与功能研究中,其5′端~(32)P标记是常用的有效技术。下面我们从《Methods in Enzymolgy》Vol 65中摘译了DNA 5′端脱磷及~(32)P标记方法,供大家参考。1.用磷酸单酯酶除去DNA链5′末端磷     

黄鳝(Monopterus albus)P450(11β)基因cDNA的克隆和表达分析

11β-羟化酶(11β-hydroxylase)由P450(11β)(Cytochrome P450 11β-hydroxylase)基因编码,是一种重要的线粒体酶,指导合成11-羟睾酮,11-羟睾酮是合成硬骨鱼中最重要的雄性激素11-KT的前体物质,参与精子发生过程。本研究首先利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆了黄鳝(Monopterus albus)P450(11β)基因c DNA全长序列,然后利用生物信息学进行了分析,最后利用RT-PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对不同组织的表达情况进行了研究。结果显示:黄鳝P450(11β)基因c DNA全长为1 812 bp,开放阅读框1 632 bp共编码544个氨基酸氨基酸,5'非编码区(5'UTR)9个碱基,3'非编码区(3'UTR)168个碱基。黄鳝P450(11β)基因结构的保守性较高,具有细胞色素P450超家族基因的5个特征区域。氨基酸序列同源性分析表明黄鳝与其他鱼类的同源性在64%~76%之间,与舌齿鲈同源性最高为77%,但与人和老鼠的相似度仅为41.9%和37.7%。系统进化树分析以哺乳类为外群,黄鳝与点带石斑鱼、罗非鱼、舌齿鲈等聚为一大支。基因表达显示黄鳝P450(11β)基因在性腺和脑组织中表达,尤其在精巢中高表达,在卵巢中几乎检测不到。表明该基因对精子发生和精巢发育过程起着一定的作用。     

北美车前(Plantago Virginica)和车前(P.asiatica)分布格局的分形分析

北美车前 (ＰｌａｎｔａｇｏｖｒｉｇｉｎｉｃａＬ .)是我国东南地区的一种外来杂草 ,该杂草在浙江、江苏、上海、江西等省区有分布 ,多见于田梗路边、住宅四周、抛荒地、公路两侧等人畜出没频繁的地段 ,其种群生长迅速 ,呈现出生态爆发态势 ,是一种典型的生态入侵种。分形理论已被广泛地应用于自然科学、社会科学中的众多领域。在生态学领域 ,应用分形维数能够客观地表达种群的分布式样 ,同时也能反映种群占有空间、资源利用的能力[1～ 6 ] 。本研究以新入侵种北美车前为对象 ,并与我国境内分布较广的杂草车前 (Ｐ .ａｓｉａｔｉｃａ)作比…     

增强P18~(INK4C)表达对胃腺癌细胞侵袭的影响(英文)

在应用基因芯片技术筛选胃腺癌转移相关基因的过程中 ,发现CDK抑制因子P18INK4C在人类胃腺癌转移细胞株RF 4 8中的表达较其原发灶细胞株RF 1明显下调 .这提示P18INK4C表达差异与胃腺癌细胞的侵袭转移可能有一定程度的相关性 .通过构建P18INK4C 表达质粒并将其转染入RF 4 8增强P18INK4C的表达 ,研究其对胃腺癌原发灶细胞体外运动、侵袭转移能力以及生长特性的影响 ,进一步明确P18INK4C与人类胃腺癌侵袭转移之间的关系 .结果发现 ,增强P18INK4C表达可以使胃腺癌原发灶细胞的体外侵袭能力明显下降 ,而对RF 4 8的细胞周期和生长增殖能并力未产生影响 .上述结果提示 ,P18INK4C参与人类胃腺癌转移过程 ,在此过程中其主要的作用可能并不是调节细胞周期 ,而是与胃腺癌原发灶细胞侵袭转移能力的调节密切相关 .     

~(33)P:一种新的分子生物学放射性示踪物

在选择放射性示踪物时,人们主要考虑敏感性、分辨率和安全性。作为分子生物学实验常用的放射性示踪物,~(32)P 和~(35)S 各有其不足之处。~(32)P 因为能量高、放射比活性大因而其操作极不安全,且有分辨率不够高之缺陷,用于序列测定极不理想,而且由于其半衰期太短,操作很不方便。~(35)S 虽补充了~(32)P 的不足,但由于其放射比活性低,检测敏感性不够高,对于单拷贝基因的检测往往是爱莫能助。最近,在国外出现了一种新的放射性示踪物——~(33)P。与其他两种常用的同位素~(32)P 和~(35)S 相比,~(33)P