CO2激光对绵羊精子呼吸效应的研究

本文研究表明,低剂量的激光可以提高精子的活力和呼吸,两者之间存在有强的正相关关系,说明激光辐照精子后,促进了精子的呼吸,合成了较多的ＡＴＬ提高了精子的活力。     

CO2激光辐射奶山羊精液生物学效应的研究

本研究表明,３．５７Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２和７．４Ｊ／ｃｍ６２激光组可以改善精液品质,提高精子的代谢功能状态,以增强精子活力,认为是最佳剂量;１４．２８Ｊ／ｃｍ６２激光组虽然对精子的代谢,活力有效应,但不能维持,认为是临界剂量;２８．５６Ｊ／ｃｍ＾２激光对精子的损害作用,认为是抑制剂量。     

氦氖激光辐射绵羊精子顶体反应效应的研究

以不同剂量的氦氖激光辐射绵羊精液,发现低剂量的激光可以提高精子的活力,促进精子的顶体反应,改善精液的品质。     

激光辐照对绵羊精子代谢和体外获能的影响

本文采用He—Ne激光处理绵羊精液,通过测试精于超弱化学发光强度、TST染色,以了解精子代谢的变化,观察精子顶体反应的发生情况,进一步从受精学角度了解激光的辐照效应。     

激光对青蛙卵作用的生物效应

用He—Ne激光分别照射青蛙的卵子、精子和早期胚胎,在相同的激光剂量条件下,观察不同激光照射时间对胚胎发育的影响。通过电镜观察卵膜的超微结构,分析激光作用于细胞的刺激作用机制。     

激光辐射公牛精液效应的研究

用不同剂量的激光辐射公牛的离体精液,发现低剂量的氦氖激光可以提高精子的活力、顶体完整率和顶体反应率,降低精液中的钙含量,表明激光能改善公牛的精液品质,可应用于养牛生产中。     

激光打孔技术在小鼠卵子冷冻保存上的运用

目的比较卵子冷冻复苏后、以及复苏卵子经过激光打孔后,与新鲜精子、冷冻复苏精子体外受精,受精率的变化。方法 （1）通过免疫荧光染色技术,判断卵子冷冻前后透明带糖蛋白-2、微丝以及细胞核的变化;（2）冷冻C57BL/6J小鼠卵子,复苏后一部分卵子打孔,一部分不打孔,然后与9个品系的新鲜精子和冷冻精子体外受精,比较各组受精率的变化。结果 （1）新鲜卵子组透明带糖蛋白-2、微丝及细胞核结构清晰,而冷冻组以及冷冻剂处理组,微丝结构略有变化,透明带糖蛋白-2受到不同程度的损伤,而细胞核在冷冻前后无明显变化;（2）9个品系的新鲜精子与C57BL/6J复苏卵子受精率为17.6%～42.9%,平均为29.6%;新鲜精子与复苏打孔卵子受精率为29.1%～72.3%,平均为49.7%,差异显著（P〈0.05）;9个品系复苏精子与复苏卵子体外受精率为5.4%～23%,平均为15.5%;复苏精子与复苏打孔卵子受精率为16.7%～48.6%,平均为28.8%,差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论 （1）冷冻对卵子的透明带糖蛋白-2有较大的损伤,对微丝有一定的影响,但是对染色体没有影响;（2）冷冻卵子复苏后,体外受精率下降明显,但是复苏卵子经过激光打孔后,可以显著提高体外受精率。     

激光辐射奶牛冷冻精液对精子诱变效应的研究

为了探索激光辐射精子的诱变效应,本试验采用ＴＳＴ（Ｔｒｉｐｌｅ Ｓｔａｉｎ Ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ,即精子三重染色法）、ＳＰＡ（Ｓｐｅｒｍ Ｐｅｎｅｔｒａｉｔｉｏｎ Ａｓｓａｙ,即精子穿透分析法和ＣＡＳ（Ｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍａｌ Ａｎｅｕｐｌｏｉｄｙ ｉｎ Ｓｐｅｒｍａｔｏｚｏａ,即精子单倍染色体制备技术）,三项有关精子的现代分析技术,对激光辐射精子的受精学、遗传学效应进行了研究。结果表明：Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激     

现代农业中的激光技术和激光育种

现代农业中的激光技术是一项新技术。激光农用的开拓领域相当广泛。激光育种在我国始于70年代初,据不完全统计到1986年为止,已育成粮、油、棉、蔬菜、果树、桑、蚕等新品种(系)36个,对农业生产起到了良好作用。为了在现代农业中发挥激光技术的应用优势,从育种的角度来说,应该在加强激光生物学多学科之间合作的前提下,大力开展激光生物工程的研究,这也是激光应用于农业发展的希望所在。     

激光及激光生物学发展概况

本文介绍了激光、激光应用和激光生物学发展概况     

Automatic annular laser trapping: a system for high‐throughput sperm analysis and sorting

An automatic microscope system is designed to study the response of sperm motility to an annular laser trap. A continuous annular laser trap provides a parallel way to analyze and sort sperm based on their motility and to study the effects of laser radiation, optical force and external obstacles. In the described automatic microscope system, the phase contrast images of swimming sperm are digitized to the computer at video rates. The microscope stage is controlled in real‐time to relocate the sperm of interest to the annular trap with a normal or tangential entering angle. The sperm is continuously tracked and the swimming behavior is identified. Using this system, parallel sorting on human and gorilla sperm are achieved and threshold power levels separating the “fast” group and the “slow” group are compared for those two species. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

He-Ne激光照射对血液及其组分荧光光谱影响的实验研究

为研究弱激光照射对人血液携氧能力的影响及机制,我们用荧光仪分别测量了He-Ne激光照射前后正常血液及其组分（血浆、红细胞）的荧光光谱,研究了激光照射导致的光谱变化,并分析了光谱变化与血液携氧能力改变的关系。实验结果显示：全血液标本在490nm及614nm附近有荧光峰值;血浆的荧光则主要分布在420－500nm之间;红细胞在500nm及614nm附近有荧光。He-Ne激光照射后,全血液及红细胞在614nm处的荧光谱都有较明显的变化,且较相似。由此可得出结论,He-Ne激光照射可影响血液的携氧能力。     

THE EVOLUTION OF SPERM SIZE IN BIRDS

Sperm size varies enormously among species, but the reasons for this variation remain obscure. Since it has been suggested that swimming velocity increases with sperm length, earlier studies proposed longer (and therefore faster) sperm are advantageous under conditions of intense sperm competition. Nonetheless, previous work has been equivocal, perhaps because the intensity of sperm competition was measured indirectly. DNA profiling now provides a more direct measure of the number of offspring sired by extrapair males, and thus a more direct method of assessing the potential for sperm competition. Using a sample of 21 species of passerine birds for which DNA profiling data were available, we found a positive relation between sperm length and the degree of extrapair paternity. A path analysis, however, revealed that this relationship arises only indirectly through the positive relationship between the rate of extrapair paternity and length of sperm storage tubules (SSTs) in the female. As sperm length is correlated positively with SST length, an increase in the intensity of sperm competition leads to an increase in sperm length only through its effect on SST length. Why females vary SST length with the intensity of sperm competition is not clear, but one possibility is that it increases female control over how sperm are used in fertilization. Males, in turn, may respond on an evolutionary time scale to changes in SST size by increasing sperm length to prevent displacement from rival sperm. Previous theoretical analyses predicting that sperm size should decrease as sperm competition becomes more intense were not supported by our findings. We suggest that future models of sperm-size evolution consider not only the role of sperm competition, but also how female control and manipulation of ejaculates after insemination selects for different sperm morphologies.     

He—Ne激光对杜梨幼苗POD和CAT活性的影响

用不同剂量的Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光辐照杜梨种子,并测定其幼苗中过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性,结果表明,适宜剂量的Ｈｅ—Ｎｅ激光辐照能显著提高杜梨幼苗的ＰＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性。     

激光、~(60)Co—r射线对草毒生物效应的研究

本实验用CO_2激光功率密度10.44W/cm~2、3.40W/cm~2,一次10秒及再次6、10、14秒处理草莓、茎尖外植体,可使多数处理的无性后代,产量提高或品质改善。He—Ne激光输出功率10.6mW,原光斑照射30、40秒,也有与CO_2激光相似效应。~(60)Co—r射线吸收剂量193Gy,单独处理及与He—Ne激光30秒复合处理,可改善果实品质,He—Ne激光对~(60)Co—r射线的辐射损伤有修复作用。     

SPERM PRODUCTION AND STERILITY IN HYBRIDS BETWEEN TWO SUBSPECIES OF DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA

Subspecies of Drosophila pseudoobscura, one occurring in the United States and the other in Bogota, Columbia, exhibit Haldane's Rule in one direction of the cross. Additionally, D. pseudoobscura produces two sperm types: short, sterile sperm and long, fertile, sperm. Here I examine the relationship between the production of short and long sperm and hybrid sterility. Fertile and sterile hybrid males produce a greater proportion of short sperm compared to parental males with sterile hybrids producing mainly short, immotile sperm. Sperm transfer and storage patterns were similar between fertile hybrid and parental strains; and unexpectedly, short, immotile sperm from sterile hybrids were stored. These findings raise the question of whether different genetic mechanisms disrupt both sperm heteromorphic production and sperm motility and whether this indicates that females exert some control over sperm storage.