菠菜和蚕豆叶绿体CF1结构与功能的比较

比较了菠菜和蚕豆叶绿体的光合磷酸化活力以及由不同活化方法活化的叶绿体及可溶ＣＦ１的Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活力,观测到两种叶绿体ＡＴＰａｓｅ的合成和水解ＡＴＰ的功能有明显差异。从两种叶绿体ＣＦ１的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ图谱上可见蚕豆ＣＦ１的ε亚基分子量明显上于菠菜的,蚕豆ＣＦ１的α和β亚基间分子量的差别也比菠菜的小。     

玉米叶绿体偶联因子ε亚基基因在E.coli中的表达

玉米叶绿体偶联因子ε亚基基因（ａｔｐＥ）被克隆到载体ｐＪＬＡ５０５和ｐＷＡ的多聚接头处,形成重组质粒ｐＪＬＡ５０５－ａｔｐＥ和ｐＷＡ－ａｔｐＥ,转化Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ,并进行温敏诱导表达研究。在大肠杆菌中温敏诱导的基因表达产物经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定,表达量达全菌蛋白质的３０％以上．Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ分析结果表明温敏诱导的表达产物可特异性地与ε亚基抗体反应,在免疫双扩散中也观察到沉淀线。大肠杆菌表达的玉米叶绿体ａｔｐＥ基因产物以包含体形式存在于细菌中。经对包含体处理后;获得的粗产物可达８０％以上纯度,并具有天然ε亚基蛋白质的生物功能．     

蚕豆叶绿体DNA BamH I克隆库的构建及含16S-25S rRNA基因克隆的分析

蚕豆叶绿体DNA(ct—DNA)经BamH I酶切产生26个片段,最大的为14．00kb,最小的为0．42kb。本文以pBR322为载体,E．Coli HB101为受体菌,采用标准分子克隆法构建了蚕豆ct—DNA BamH I克隆库,并从库中分离得到含叶绿体rRNA基因的克隆。32P标记的E．Coil 16S、23S rRNA能和蚕豆ct—DNA BamH I第6(B₆,5．65kb)和第9(B₉,4．70kb)个片段杂交,含有这二个片段的克隆分别命名为pVFB32和pVFBl6。利用几种限制性内切酶酶切和Southern印迹法构建了pVFBl6的物理图谱。pVFBl6电镜下观察到有一变性环(A—T丰富区),经Hind I酶切,电镜观察定位此A—T丰富区位于16S和23S rRNA基因的间隔顺序内,推测该环可能与DNA复制有关。     

叶绿体ATP合成酶ε亚基对菠菜叶绿体毫秒延迟发光的影响

在１℃低温条件下,经叶绿体ＡＴＰ合成酶ε亚基处理的菠菜叶绿体毫秒延迟发光的快相显著高于对照,增加的快相不仅是由膜两侧的电位差所引起的,并且为光系统Ⅱ水氧化释放的质子所促进。当温度升至２５℃时,ε亚基对叶绿体毫秒延迟发光快相的影响几乎消失。     

叶绿体atpE基因表达产物的生化特性

在细菌中表达的叶绿体ａｔｐＥ基因产物ε亚基蛋白对不同方式激活的叶绿体ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｅ均有抑制作用,而其抗血清则促进ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｅ活力。Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中表达的ε亚基蛋白在光合磷酸化反应中对循环和非循环光合磷酸化都有促进作用,其抗血清对循环光合磷酸化有抑制作用,而对非循环光合磷酸化则起促进作用。     

突变的叶绿体ATP合成酶ε亚基对菠菜叶绿体毫秒延迟发光的影响

突变和野生型体ＡＴＰ合成酶的ε亚基均可增强中绿体毫秒延迟发光的快相;不同的突变体对快相的增强强度不同,但与它们对离体ＣＦ１的Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶水解活力的抑制程度情况一致。且这种影响在１℃左右的低温下较显著,而温度升至２５℃时,这种增强作用趋于消失。加入解联剂后快相部分消除,ε亚基仍有增强作用。这些结果说明,ε亚基是通过与ＣＦ１的专一作用而影响光系统Ⅱ附近类囊体的动态结构,使质子不易从类囊体膜上流     

蚕豆和玉米叶绿体atpE基因表达产物的生物活性差异 …

编码蚕豆和玉米叶绿体ＡＴＰ合酶ε亚基的ａｔｐＥ基因分别在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,两种表达的ε亚基蛋白在抑制ＣＦ１－ＡＴＰ酶水解ＡＴＰ、阻塞类囊体膜质子通道以及它促进光合磷酸化等方面均明显地强于蚕豆的ε亚基蛋白。该结果表明：（１）ε亚基对ＡＴＰ合酶活性的调节作用与基同ＡＴＰ合酶其他亚基间的亲和力大小密切相关;（２）ε亚基抑制ＣＦ１水解ＡＴＰ和阻塞质子通道两个功能是呈正相关的。圆二色性（ｃｉｒｃｕｌ     

玉米叶绿体atpB及atpE基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

本实验构建了在大肠杆菌中能表达玉米叶绿体ＣＦ１完整β亚基、缺失Ｎ端２３个氨基酸残基的β亚基以及完整ε亚基的表达质粒。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ实验表明,在分别含这些表达质粒的细菌中β、ε亚基蛋白的合成量在诱导３ｈ后即达到饱和,其含量各占细菌体总蛋白的１０％左右。这些表达产物在细菌体中形成不溶性的包含体。可通过对菌体蛋白的分级分高,将表达产物溶于５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的尿素溶液中。     

Cloning and Sequencing of rpoA Gene from Rice Chloroplast Genume

The result of southern hybridization showed that the rice chloroplast genome can encode its own RNA polymerase. The α subunit gene fragment of this enzyme has been cloned into E. coli plasmid pUC 19. By deletion method and dideoxynucleotide chain termination, we analysed its nucleotides sequence. This gene consists of 337 codons. It reserves a high homology between rice, monocotyledonous plant and tobacco, dicotyledonous.     

人RP2基因的克隆,测序和初步表达

ＲＰ２是最近定位克隆的一个Ｘ连锁隐性的视网膜色素变性基因。用ＰＣＲ法直接从人视网膜ｃＤＮＡ文库中扩增以包括人ＲＰ２基因编码区的内在ｃＤＮＡ,先克隆到ｐＪＬＡ５０３载体中,随后将ＲＰ２编码区基因亚克隆至表达载体ｐＰＲＯＥＸＨＴａ中,并进行了ＤＮＡ序列分析。用ＩＰＴＧ诱导ｈＲＰ２融合蛋白在大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α菌株中表达,３０℃诱导１０ｈ后重组蛋白质约占菌体总蛋白质的７％,而３７℃诱导５ｈ后重组蛋白邓占菌体     

人RANTES基因克隆及其体外表达

1995年,Cocchi等[1]发现RANTES、MIP-1α和MIP-1β等β-趋化因子具有抗HIV-1感染活性.1997年,Feng等[2]和Deng等[3]证实β-趋化因子受体CXCR4和CCR5分别是HIV-1侵染T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的辅助受体(co-receptor).T淋巴细胞嗜性(T-tropism)分离株被称为X4毒株,巨噬细胞嗜性(M-tropism)分离株则被称为R5毒株[4].RANTES与CCR5有着高度的亲和力,二者的结合可对HIV-1的细胞附着产生空间位阻效应,并下调CCR5在细胞表面的表达.这一结果使RANTES抗HIV-1感染机制在分子水平上得到合理的解释.最近,Garzino-Demo等[5]证明,β-趋化因子的诱导分泌与HIV-1感染后疾病进程的控制有着密切的关系,而且人群中β-趋化因子水平存在着显著的个体差异,表明β-趋化因子对艾滋病具有潜在的预防和治疗价值.为此,我们在克隆人RAN-TES基因的基础上,在体外转录与翻译系统中实现了该基因的表达,有利于今后进一步开展艾滋病的基因治疗.     

HCV E2区基因的分子克隆及序列分析

用RT-PCRKIT从西安血站大样抗HCV阳性血清中筛选出HCVRNA阳性血清,提取HCV的RNA,利用随机引物反转录合成其cDNA并进行半巢式PCR反应。将纯化的PCR产物酶切后与表达载体PET-22b     

HCV E2区基因的分子克隆及序列分析

用RT－PCR KIT从西安血站大样抗HCV阳性血清中筛选出HCV RNA阳性血清,提取HCV的RNA,利用随机引物反转录合成其cDNA并进行半巢式PCR反应。将纯化的PCR产物酶切后与表达载体PET－22b^＋连接,经过双脱氧末端终止法双向测序,得到852bp长的核苷酸序列,通过将该序列与已知不同型的HCV E2序列比较得知,此序列正是HCVⅡ型目的基因。     

三角酵母D—氨基酸氧化酶基因的克隆,测序及表达

利用跨越内含子的ＰＣＲ技术,从三角酵母（Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｐｓｉｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ）变种ＦＡ１１０中扩增得到Ｄ氨基酸氧化酶基因（ｄａａｏ）,并通过ＴＡ克隆的方法将其克隆至ｐＧＥＭＴ载体。序列测定结果表明,所得ｄａａｏ基因的５′端内含子已被删除,基因总长度为１０７１ｂｐ,它与Ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｐｓｉｓｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ的Ｄ氨基酸氧化酶同源性达９８３％,与Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｓｏｌａｎｉ和Ｒｈｏｄｏｔｏｒｕｌａｇｒａｃｉｌｉｓ的同源性分别是３８９％和３０８％。为提高表达水平,又将此基因转移至高表达载体ｐＥＴ２８ｂ上,在大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中进行诱导表达。经ＩＰＴＧ诱导,目的蛋白的产生量可占菌体总蛋白量的４６％,分子量约为３８ｋＤ。Ｄ氨基酸氧化酶的活力可达８０２ｕ／Ｌ。     

人锰超氧化物歧化酶cDNA的克隆、测序及表达

用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)以人肝细胞总RNA为模板, 扩增了人锰超氧化物歧化酶(hMnSOD)的cDNA片段, 将此cDNA克隆到载体pGEM-T中.对重组质粒进行限制酶切分析和序列测定, 确定为含hMnSODcDNA的重组质粒将该hMnSODcDNA重组到表达载体pBV220内, 重组质粒在大肠杆菌DH5-α中表达hMnSOD, 表达产物占菌体总蛋白的14%, 具有持异性SOD酶活性.     

Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression of the Chitinase Gene chiA74 from Bacillus thuringiensis

The endochitinase gene chiA74 from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar kenyae strain LBIT-82 was cloned in Escherichia coli DH5αF′. A sequence of 676 amino acids was deduced when the gene was completely sequenced. A molecular mass of 74 kDa was estimated for the preprotein, which includes a putative 4-kDa signal sequence located at the N terminus. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high degree of identity with other chitinases such as ChiB from Bacillus cereus (98%) and ChiA71 from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar pakistani (70%). Additionally, ChiA74 showed a modular structure comprised of three domains: a catalytic domain, a fibronectin-like domain, and a chitin-binding domain. All three domains showed conserved sequences when compared to other bacterial chitinase sequences. A ca. 70-kDa mature protein expressed by the cloned gene was detected in zymograms, comigrating with a chitinase produced by the LBIT-82 wild-type strain. ChiA74 is active within a wide pH range (4 to 9), although a bimodal activity was shown at pH 4.79 and 6.34. The optimal temperature was estimated at 57.2°C when tested at pH 6. The potential use of ChiA74 as a synergistic agent, along with the B. thuringiensis insecticidal Cry proteins, is discussed.     

地衣芽孢杆菌2709碱性蛋白酶基因的克隆、序列测定及其表达

以克隆的地衣芽孢杆菌2709碱性蛋白酶编码序列的PCR扩增片段为探针。通过原位杂交从2709基因文库中筛选出两个含有完整的2709碱性蛋白酶基因的阳性克隆：Psci和Psc7。对Psc7中的插入片段构建若干亚克隆后测定了其全部DNA序列,结果显示该插入片段含2709碱性蛋白酶及其信号肽与导肽(Pro—peptide)在内的全部编码序列(1140碱基对)及长度分别为299和832碱基对的上、下游序列,该序列同M．Jacobs等克隆的地衣芽孢杆菌NcIB 6816的subtlisin Carlsberg基因序列显示了极高的同源性。通过枯草杆菌-大肠杆菌穿梭质粒Pbe2将克隆的2709碱性蛋白酶基因转入到蛋白酶缺陷型的枯草芽孢杆菌DB104中,结果表明2709碱性蛋白酶基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中得到了明显的表达。     

Molecular Cloning, Sequencing, and Expression of a Chemoreceptor Gene from Leptospirillum ferrooxidans

We have cloned and sequenced a 2,262-bp chromosomal DNA fragment from the chemolithoautotrophic acidophilic bacterium Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. This DNA contained an open reading frame for a 577-amino-acid protein showing several characteristics of the bacterial chemoreceptors and, therefore, we named this gene lcrI for Leptospirillum chemotaxis receptor I. This is the first sequence reported for a gene from L. ferrooxidans encoding a protein. The lcrI gene showed both ς²⁸-like and ς⁷⁰-like putative promoters. The LcrI deduced protein contained two hydrophobic regions most likely corresponding to the two transmembrane regions present in all of the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) which make them fold with both periplasmic and cytoplasmic domains. We have proposed a cytoplasmic domain for LcrI, which also contains the highly conserved domain (HCD region), present in all of the chemotactic receptors, and two probable methylation sites. The in vitro expression of a DNA plasmid containing the 2,262-bp fragment showed the synthesis of a 58-kDa protein which was immunoprecipitated by antibodies against the Tar protein (an MCP from Escherichia coli), confirming some degree of antigenic conservation. In addition, this 58-kDa protein was expressed in E. coli, being associated with its cytoplasmic membrane fraction. It was not possible to determine a chemotactic receptor function for LcrI expressed in E. coli. This was most likely due to the fact that the periplasmic pH of E. coli, which differs by 3 to 4 pH units from that of acidophilic chemolithotrophs, does not allow the right conformation for the LcrI periplasmic domain.