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关于恶性肿瘤发生、复发与转移机制的研究由来已久,但目前的临床治疗方法依然不能克服肿瘤复发与转移的难题,肿瘤患者的生存率并未得到显著改善。近年来的研究提示肿瘤的起源、复发与转移的真正原因可能是存在于肿瘤内的极少数具有干细胞特性的细胞,即肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSC)。与此同时,越来越多的研究表明,对于肿瘤干细胞的发生与功能维持,表观遗传学的调控机制可能发挥着极其重要的作用。该文简要综述目前肿瘤干细胞和表观遗传学相关领域的研究进展,并对肿瘤干细胞形成及发展过程中表观遗传学的调控作用及机制进行重点介绍。 相似文献
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中国医学科学院昆明医学生物研究所研究生瞿素在胡云章导师指导下,论述了肿瘤干细胞的研究进展。他们认为肿瘤是危害人类健康的重大疾病,论其起源有去分化起源和干细胞起源,但大多数倾向于干细胞起源的观点。因肿瘤细胞能从血液系统恶性肿瘤中分离,也能从乳腺癌实体瘤干细胞中分离。当前可针对细胞特异表面标记,可以靶向消灭肿瘤干细胞而治疗肿瘤疾病。有人证实只有部分肿瘤细胞具有致癌性,有人提示肿瘤是通过干细胞的增殖及其分化成组织特异的细胞类型;有人认为恶性肿瘤的产生发展是干细胞的分化受阻,而不是成熟细胞去分化。恶性肿瘤发生于… 相似文献
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肿瘤组织中存在一小群能够自我更新、增殖和分化,对肿瘤的发生、发展、复发、转移起决定作用的细胞,即肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSCs)。在传统理论方法已不能攻克癌症的情况下,肿瘤干细胞理论为我们重新认识肿瘤的起源和本质提供了新的方向和视角。从20世纪50年代至今,随着生物技术的发展,肿瘤干细胞理论经历了从设想到验证的漫长历程。但该理论自提出之日起便受到来自各方面不同观点的质疑。当今针对肿瘤干细胞癌症治疗主要集中在靶向问题上。因此,寻找特异的肿瘤干细胞标志物,探索肿瘤干细胞与周围微环境间的复杂关系以及发现调控其功能的关键信号通路成为当前研究的热点。 相似文献
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癌症是导致人类死亡的主要因素之一.尽管在癌症治疗方面取得了巨大进展,但是,其较高的复发率最终还是会导致死亡.连续治疗失败的一个可能原因是,残留的恶性细胞有类似干细胞的分化潜能,这样就能再次形成肿瘤和造成病灶转移.肿瘤干细胞(cancer stem cells,CSCs)论的建立为肿瘤研究开辟了全新的视角,肿瘤的无限增殖、复发及转移的生物学特性可能是由于占肿瘤内极少数肿瘤干细胞的存在.而其他肿瘤细胞占瘤体的绝大多数,却没有或只有有限的增殖潜能.最近研究发现前列腺癌中亦存在肿瘤干细胞.本文就肿瘤干细胞与前列腺癌的研究现状进行综述. 相似文献
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近年来,肿瘤干细胞学说作为肿瘤发生发展的重要原因获得越来越多的认可。肿瘤干细胞是指肿瘤中存在的含量极少、具有无限增殖潜能的干细胞样肿瘤细胞,它们能自我更新、分化、迁徙,是导致肿瘤发生、发展、转移和耐药的重要原因。卵巢癌也可能是卵巢癌干细胞所致的疾病。卵巢癌干细胞的分离鉴定正处于起始阶段,针对卵巢癌干细胞的靶向治疗可能在卵巢癌治疗中具有重要作用,为临床彻底治愈卵巢癌带来希望。 相似文献
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Anita B. Hjelmeland Qiulian Wu Sarah Wickman Christine Eyler John Heddleston Qing Shi Justin D. Lathia Jennifer MacSwords Jeongwu Lee Roger E. McLendon Jeremy N. Rich 《PLoS biology》2010,8(2)
Glioblastomas are deadly cancers that display a functional cellular hierarchy maintained by self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are regulated by molecular pathways distinct from the bulk tumor that may be useful therapeutic targets. We determined that A20 (TNFAIP3), a regulator of cell survival and the NF-κB pathway, is overexpressed in GSCs relative to non-stem glioblastoma cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. To determine the functional significance of A20 in GSCs, we targeted A20 expression with lentiviral-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Inhibiting A20 expression decreased GSC growth and survival through mechanisms associated with decreased cell-cycle progression and decreased phosphorylation of p65/RelA. Elevated levels of A20 in GSCs contributed to apoptotic resistance: GSCs were less susceptible to TNFα-induced cell death than matched non-stem glioma cells, but A20 knockdown sensitized GSCs to TNFα-mediated apoptosis. The decreased survival of GSCs upon A20 knockdown contributed to the reduced ability of these cells to self-renew in primary and secondary neurosphere formation assays. The tumorigenic potential of GSCs was decreased with A20 targeting, resulting in increased survival of mice bearing human glioma xenografts. In silico analysis of a glioma patient genomic database indicates that A20 overexpression and amplification is inversely correlated with survival. Together these data indicate that A20 contributes to glioma maintenance through effects on the glioma stem cell subpopulation. Although inactivating mutations in A20 in lymphoma suggest A20 can act as a tumor suppressor, similar point mutations have not been identified through glioma genomic sequencing: in fact, our data suggest A20 may function as a tumor enhancer in glioma through promotion of GSC survival. A20 anticancer therapies should therefore be viewed with caution as effects will likely differ depending on the tumor type. 相似文献
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Xing-gang Mao Xiang Zhang Xiao-yan Xue Geng Guo Peng Wang Wei Zhang Zhou Fei Hai-ning Zhen Si-wei You Hao Yang 《Translational oncology》2009,2(4):247-257
In recent years, a small number of cells that have stem cell properties were identified in human gliomas called brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), which were thought to mainly contribute to the initiation and development of gliomas and could be identified by the surface marker CD133. However, recent studies indicated that the expression of CD133 might be regulated by environmental conditions such as hypoxia and that there might be CD133- BTSCs. Genetic mouse models demonstrated that some gliomas originated from transformed neural stem cells (NSCs). Therefore, we investigated the expression of CD15, a surface marker for NSCs, in tumor spheres derived from astrocytoma and ependymoma. CD15+ cells isolated from these tumor spheres had properties of BTSCs including self-renewal, multidifferentiation, and the ability to recapitulate the phenocopy of primary tumors. CD15 exhibited stable expression in long-term cultured tumor spheres, which sustained BTSCs properties, whereas CD133 expression decreased significantly in late passages. Furthermore, CD15+CD133- cells isolated from early or late passages of tumor spheres showed similar characteristics of BTSCs. Examination of glioma samples by immunohistochemistry showed that CD15 was expressed in a subset of human brain tumors. Therefore, CD15 can be used as a marker of stem-like cells derived from brain tumors that might contain CD133- BTSCs. 相似文献
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Zhigang Xie 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(12):2055-2066
Primary malignant brain cancer, one of the most deadly diseases, has a high rate of recurrence after treatment. Studies in
the past several years have led to the hypothesis that the root of the recurrence may be brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs), stem-like
subpopulation of cells that are responsible for propagating the tumor. Current treatments combining surgery and chemoradiotherapy
could not eliminate BTSCs because these cells are highly infiltrative and possess several properties that can reduce the damages
caused by radiation or anti-cancer drugs. BTSCs are similar to NSCs in molecular marker expression and multi-lineage differentiation
potential. Genetic analyses of Drosophila CNS neoplasia, mouse glioma models, and human glioma tissues have revealed a link between increased NSC self-renewal and
brain tumorigenesis. Furthermore, data from various rodent models of malignant brain tumors have provided compelling evidence
that multipotent NSCs and lineage-restricted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) could be the cell origin of brain tumors. Thus,
the first event of brain tumorigenesis might be the occurrence of oncogenic mutations in the stem cell self-renewal pathway
in an NSC or NPC. These mutations convert the NSC or NPC to a BTSC, which then initiates and sustains the growth of the tumor.
The self-renewal of BTSCs is controlled by several evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways and requires an intact vascular
niche. Targeting these pathways and the vascular niche could be a principle in novel brain tumor therapies aimed to eliminate
BTSCs. 相似文献
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Ninette Amariglio Abraham Hirshberg Bernd W Scheithauer Yoram Cohen Ron Loewenthal Luba Trakhtenbrot Nurit Paz Maya Koren-Michowitz Dalia Waldman Leonor Leider-Trejo Amos Toren Shlomi Constantini Gideon Rechavi 《PLoS medicine》2009,6(2)
Background
Neural stem cells are currently being investigated as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, and trauma. However, concerns have been raised over the safety of this experimental therapeutic approach, including, for example, whether there is the potential for tumors to develop from transplanted stem cells.Methods and Findings
A boy with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was treated with intracerebellar and intrathecal injection of human fetal neural stem cells. Four years after the first treatment he was diagnosed with a multifocal brain tumor. The biopsied tumor was diagnosed as a glioneuronal neoplasm. We compared the tumor cells and the patient''s peripheral blood cells by fluorescent in situ hybridization using X and Y chromosome probes, by PCR for the amelogenin gene X- and Y-specific alleles, by MassArray for the ATM patient specific mutation and for several SNPs, by PCR for polymorphic microsatellites, and by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing. Molecular and cytogenetic studies showed that the tumor was of nonhost origin suggesting it was derived from the transplanted neural stem cells. Microsatellite and HLA analysis demonstrated that the tumor is derived from at least two donors.Conclusions
This is the first report of a human brain tumor complicating neural stem cell therapy. The findings here suggest that neuronal stem/progenitor cells may be involved in gliomagenesis and provide the first example of a donor-derived brain tumor. Further work is urgently needed to assess the safety of these therapies. 相似文献19.
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Chitra Venugopal Nicole M. McFarlane Sara Nolte Branavan Manoranjan Sheila K. Singh 《Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE》2012,(67)
Brain tumors are typically comprised of morphologically diverse cells that express a variety of neural lineage markers. Only a relatively small fraction of cells in the tumor with stem cell properties, termed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), possess an ability to differentiate along multiple lineages, self-renew, and initiate tumors in vivo. We applied culture conditions originally used for normal neural stem cells (NSCs) to a variety of human brain tumors and found that this culture method specifically selects for stem-like populations. Serum-free medium (NSC) allows for the maintenance of an undifferentiated stem cell state, and the addition of bFGF and EGF allows for the proliferation of multi-potent, self-renewing, and expandable tumorspheres.To further characterize each tumor''s BTIC population, we evaluate cell surface markers by flow cytometry. We may also sort populations of interest for more specific characterization. Self-renewal assays are performed on single BTICs sorted into 96 well plates; the formation of tumorspheres following incubation at 37 °C indicates the presence of a stem or progenitor cell. Multiple cell numbers of a particular population can also be sorted in different wells for limiting dilution analysis, to analyze self-renewal capacity. We can also study differential gene expression within a particular cell population by using single cell RT-PCR.The following protocols describe our procedures for the dissociation and culturing of primary human samples to enrich for BTIC populations, as well as the dissociation of tumorspheres. Also included are protocols for staining for flow cytometry analysis or sorting, self-renewal assays, and single cell RT-PCR. 相似文献