孕酮对豚鼠心室肌细胞动作电位的影响

目的：观察孕酮(pfogesterone)对心室肌细胞动作电位的影响。方法：采用玻璃微电极技术,引导离体豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位,观察孕酮不同浓度及作用时间对心室肌细胞动作电位及有效不应期的影响。结果：①较高浓度的孕酮使心室肌细胞动作电位零期最大除极速率(Vmax)和动作电位幅度(APA)降低,使心室肌细胞有效不应期(ERP)延长;②较高浓度孕酮使心室肌细胞动作电位时程APD20缩短;使动作电位时程APD90、APD延长。结论：孕酮具有抑制心室肌细胞Na^ 通道、K^ 通道和Ca^2 通道的作用。     

苯肾上腺素对豚鼠和兔离体心室乳头肌的作用

在心得安(1μM)阻断β-受体的情况下,本文通过观察苯肾上腺素(PE)对豚鼠和兔心室乳头肌动作电位及收缩的作用,探讨了心脏α-受体兴奋引起正性变力作用的机制。PE(1—16μM)延长豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位时程(APD),增加兔和豚鼠心室乳头肌的收缩幅度(AC)。PE 在兔心室乳头肌上表现出的正性变力作用比在豚鼠心室肌上显著得多。FE(16μM)加强兔和豚鼠心室乳头肌收缩力的作用可被α_1-受体阻断剂哌唑嗪(Prazosin)(0.3—0.5μM)所取消。然而,在豚鼠心室乳头肌上被PE延长的APD,仅APD_(30)在哌唑嗪作用下有所缩短,而APD_(90)则不受其影响。在高钾(22mM)除极的心室乳头肌,PE(50μM)使 9个兔标本中的8个、8个豚鼠标本中的2个分别恢复慢反应动作电位。这些慢反应动作电位可被哌唑嗪(1μM)或钙通道阻断剂Mn~( )(1mM)所取消或抑制。以上的结果提示心脏α-肾上腺素能受体兴奋引起正性变力作用可能是由于慢内向电流(I_si)的增加。     

胆碱能N_1受体激动剂洛贝林对豚鼠心室乳头肌电生理及收缩力的影响

本实验观察了在存在M受体阻断剂阿托品(2μM)的情况下,胆碱能N_1受体激动剂洛贝林(lobeline)对儿茶酚胺耗竭的豚鼠心室乳头肌电活动及收缩力的影响。洛贝林(0.5—8μM)使动作电位时程(APD)显著延长,动作电位0期最大除极速率(V_(max))和动作电位幅值(APA)下降,心肌收缩力(FC)减弱,以及收缩峰值出现时间(time-to-Peak force,TTP)提前。N_1 受体阻断剂六甲双铵(hexamethonium,10μM)使洛贝林对APD的剂量-反应曲线平行右移。这些实验结果提示:在豚鼠心室肌可能存在胆碱能N受体。     

Ⅰ-磷酸鞘氨醇对豚鼠心室肌动作电位和收缩力的影响

目的研究1-磷酸鞘氨醇(SIP)对豚鼠心室肌动作电位(AP)和心肌收缩力(CF)的影响.方法实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术记录心室肌细胞动作电位(AP)肌力换能器记录心肌收缩力(CF).结果①应用0.1μmol/LSlP后心室肌动作电位幅度(APA)和时程(APD)与应用SIP前比较差异无显著性,而应用1.0μmol/LSlP,10μmol/L SIP后心室肌动作电位的幅度(APA)与应用SIP前比较明显降低而动作电位的时程(APD)与应用SIP前比较明显延长(P＜0.01).②应用1.0μmol/L SIP和10μmol/LSIP后心室肌的CF与给药前相比明显增强(P＜0.01),应用0.1μmol/LSlP后心室肌的CF与给药前比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).而加入SIP特异性G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因(EDG)受体阻断剂苏拉明后,SIP的上述作用与给药前比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论SIP可以降低心室肌动作电位幅值延长动作电位时程,增加心室肌收缩力,并且是通过其特异性的G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因(EDG)受体介导而产生这些作用,有一定的剂量依赖性.     

镉对豚鼠乳头肌动作电位的影响

目的:研究氯化镉(CdCl2)对正常豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位(AP)的影响。方法:用常规细胞内微电极方法记录乳头肌细胞AP。结果:在生理条件下,CdCl2可使APo期振幅(APA)和最大除极速率(Vmax)降低,动作电位时程(APD)缩短,且具有剂量依赖性。结论:CdCl2可使心室肌AP的APA、Vmax、APD发生改变,提示CdCl2有抑制Na 、Ca2 内流和激活K 外流作用。     

海葵毒素对心肌钠通道开放模式，动作电位及心电图QT周期的影响

应用膜片箝技术记录游离豚鼠心肌细胞的钠通道电流,细胞内微电极技术记录心室乳头肌的动作电位和心电图机记录豚鼠的心电图,使用与心肌;细胞钠通道有高度亲和力的海葵毒素（sea anemone toxin,ATXⅡ）改变钠通道开放的动力过程,从三个水平来研究钠通道,动作电位,心电图变化的关系,并试图探讨长QT综合征（long QT syndrome,LQTs)的发病机制,结果显示,ATXⅡ使钠通道的开放频率增加,钠通道中“长时间开放模式”的开放时间常数增大,动人电位的持续时间APD50和APD50也分别增加了23％和27％,ATXⅡ使动物心电图QT间期延长18．6％,QTc(校正的QT间期）增大18．9％,这些结果提示,钠通道动力过程的变化对动作电位和心电图QT间期有重要影响,钠通道功能或结构的变异可能是临床上部分长QT综合征产生的原因。     

白介素-2对离体右心室乳头肌的作用及其机制

目的 :研究白介素 2 (IL 2 )对心肌跨膜电位和收缩作用的影响及其可能机制。方法 :在离体灌流大鼠右心室乳头肌标本上 ,采用常规细胞内玻璃微电极技术 ,观察IL 2 (0 .5～ 2 0 0u/ml)灌流 10min对心肌细胞跨膜电位的影响 ,并记录乳头肌收缩力变化。结果 :IL 2缩短心肌动作电位时程 (APD50 和APD80 ) ,但对静息电位、动作电位 0期去极化幅度及其速度无明显影响。IL 2呈剂量依赖性地抑制心肌收缩力 ,0 .5、2 .5、10、5 0和 2 0 0u/ml的IL 2分别使乳头肌收缩力下降至加药前的 94 .8%± 6 .8%、85 .8%± 6 .5 %、76 .3%± 7.8%、6 9.3%± 9.5 %和 5 2 .5 %±11.0 %。L NAME(10 -4mol/L)预处理 10min ,完全阻断较低浓度 (u/ml)IL 2 (0 .5、2 .5、10 )的心肌抑制作用 ,部分阻断高浓度IL 2 (5 0u/ml和 2 0 0u/ml)的作用。结论 :IL 2对离体右心室乳头肌的动作电位时程和收缩力有抑制作用 ,其负性变力作用与NO途径有关     

1-磷酸鞘氨醇对豚鼠心室肌动作电位和收缩力的影响

目的：研究1-磷酸鞘氨醇（S1P）对豚鼠心室肌动作电位（AP）和心肌收缩力（CF）的影响。方法：实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术记录心室肌细胞动作电位（AP）肌力换能器记录心肌收缩力（CF）。结果：①应用0．1μmol／LS1P后心室肌动作电位幅度（APA）和时程（APD）与应用SIP前比较差异无显著性,而应用1．0μmol／LS1P,10μmol／LS1P后心室肌动作电位的幅度（APA）与应用S1P前比较明显降低而动作电位的时程（APD）与应用S1P前比较明显延长（P〈0．01）。②应用1．0μmol／LS1P和10μmol／LSIP后心室肌的CF与给药前相比明显增强（P〈0．01）,应用0．1μmol／LS1P后心室肌的CF与给药前比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。而加入S1P特异性G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因（EDG）受体阻断剂苏拉明后,S1P的上述作用与给药前比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：S1P可以降低心室肌动作电位幅值延长动作电住时程,增加心室肌收缩力,并且是通过其特异性的G蛋白耦联内皮细胞分化基因（EDG）受体介导而产生这些作用,有一定的剂量依赖性.     

肌苷对缺氧心肌跨膜电位和收缩强度的影响

本工作在正常和缺氧情况下,观察肌苷对豚鼠心室乳头肌跨膜电位和收缩强度的影响。结果表明肌苷使正常心肌细胞动作电位时间(APD_(10)、APD_(50)延长。在缺氧心肌,肌苷使细胞静息电位增大,动作电位去极化幅度增高,零期最大去极化速度加快和动作电位时间延长。肌苷增加正常心肌收缩力,使缺氧心肌收缩的衰减显著缓和,亦即使收缩功能改善,且表现剂量-依从性。肌苷对心肌细胞跨膜电位的影响提示它很可能有抗心律失常作用,特别是在缺氧心脏。肌苷对离休乳头肌收缩的影响,证明其对心肌有直接的强心作用。     

海葵毒素对心肌钠通道开放模式、动作电位及心电图QT间期的影响

应用膜片箝技术记录游离豚鼠心肌细胞钠通道电流, 细胞内微电极技术记录心室乳头肌的动作电位和心电图机记录豚鼠的心电图。使用与心肌细胞钠通道有高度亲和力的海葵毒素(sea anemone toxin, ATXⅡ)改变钠通道开放的动力过程, 从三个水平来研究钠通道、动作电位、心电图变化的关系, 并试图探讨长QT综合征(long QT syndrome, LQTs)的发病机制。结果显示: ATXⅡ使钠通道的开放频率增加, 钠通道中“长时间开放模式”的开放时间常数增大, 动作电位的持续时间APD50和APD90也分别增加了23%和27%。 ATXⅡ使动物心电图QT间期延长18.6%, QTc (校正的QT间期)增大18.9%。这些结果提示, 钠通道动力过程的变化对动作电位和心电图QT间期有重要影响, 钠通道功能或结构的变异可能是临床上部分长QT综合征产生的原因。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.