Six newSalmonella types,isolated in ghana (S. volta,S. agona,S. wa,S. techimani,S. mampong andS. tafo)

Summary Six newSalmonella types isolated in Ghana are described.S. volta, 11: 4: 1,z₁₃, z₂₈ was isolated from a swine;S.agona 4,12: fgs:—,S.wa, 16: b: 1,5S.technimani, 28: c: z₆ andS.tafo, 1, 4 12, 27: z₃₅: 1,7 were isolated from cattle;S.mampong, 13,22: z₃₅: 1,6, was isolated from a lizzard.     

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Amino Acid Neurotransmission (1998) FA Stephenson and AJ Turner (Eds). London: Portland Press, 247 pp. £75 board; ISBN 1–85578–080–1     

World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation, 3000 B.C.–A.D. 2000.

World Ecological Degradation: Accumulation, Urbanization, and Deforestation, 3000 B.C.–A.D. 2000. Sing C. Chew. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira Press, 2001. 217 pp.     

Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2

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Evaluation of numerical analyses of RAPD and API 50 CH patterns to differentiate Lactobacillus plantarum, Lact. fermentum, Lact. rhamnosus, Lact. sake, Lact. parabuchneri, Lact. gallinarum, Lact. casei, Weissella minor and related taxa isolated from kocho and tef

AIM: The study was carried out to assess the agreement of API 50 CH fermentation data of food lactobacilli with their RAPD profiles to determine whether the system could be used alone as a reliable taxonomic tool for this genus. METHODS AND RESULTS: API 50 CH, RAPD and DNA:DNA reassociation data for 42 lactobacilli from tef and kocho were compared with 30 type strains. Discrepancies were observed between the three methods in assigning strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lact. fermentum, Weissella minor and Lact. gallinarum, and Lact. fermentum, Lact. amylophilus, Lact. casei subsp. pseudoplantarum and Lact. rhamnosus. DNA reassociation data agreed well with RAPD results. CONCLUSIONS: API 50 CH profiles should be complemented with molecular genetic results for effective identification in Lactobacillus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The study suggested less dependability of metabolic data alone as an identification tool.     

CYTOGEOGRAPHIC STUDIES ON NORTH AMERICAN ASTERS. I. RANGE SURVEYS OF VIRGULUS ADNATUS,V. CONCOLOR,V. GEORGIANUS,V. GRANDIFLORUS,V. NOVAE-ANGLIAE,V. OBLONGIFOLIUS,V. PATENS,AND V. WALTERI

Chromosome number determinations from 118 populations of eight species of the aster genus Virgulus are reported for the first time. Based on these counts and literature reports the geographic distributions of diploids and tetraploids in V. concolor, V. novae-angliae, V. oblongifolius, and V. patens have been determined. In the first three species, diploids were widely distributed, while tetraploids were more restricted. In V. patens, diploids were restricted to the southwestern portion of the species’ range, while tetraploids were found throughout the range. Both V. adnatus and V. walteri were found only at the tetraploid level throughout their ranges. Two other species with restricted distributions were consistently found to be high level polyploids: V. georgianus with 2n = 50, V. grandiflorus with 2n = 60. The following new combinations are listed: Virgulus georgianus (Alexander ex Small) Semple; Virgulus subsect. Brachyphylli (Torr. & Gray) Semple; and Virgulus sect. Polyliguli (Semple & Brouillet) Semple.     

Lorenz,K. 1992: Denkwege. Ein Lesebuch. Herausgegeben von Beatrice Lorenz. Piper Verlag,München,Zürich

Book Reviewed in this article: Lorenz, K. 1992: Die Naturwissenschaft vom Menschen. Eine Einführung in die vergleichende Verhaltensforschung. Das russische Manuskript 1944–1948. Bateson, P. P. G., Klopfer, P. H. & Thompson, N. S. (eds) 1993: Perspectives in ethology. Vol. 10, Behavior and evolution.     

Antibody evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, and BA.3 sub-lineages

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Structure-activity relationships in sweeteners. I. Nitroanilines, sulphamates, oximes, isocoumarins and dipeptides

Besides the hydrophilic AH-B moiety in sweeteners, the morehydrophobic ‘third binding sites’ play an essentialrole in inducing sweetness. The distances between these molecularfunctions seem to be very critical, but exact data are lacking.To describe stereochemical requirements more precisely, newconceptual parameters were introduced, namely , and (minimum,optimum and maximum distances between these third binding sitesand the atoms A, H and B of the AH-B moieties respectively,especially appropriate for homologous series) and the S value(shortest distance between the position of an atom and the planeformed by the atoms A, H and B of the AH-B moiety). The dimensionsof the relevant side chains of five homologous series of sweeteners– sulphamates, oximes, nitroanilines, isocoumarins anddipeptides — were determined. We calculated that the positionsof the , and parameters with regard to the AH-B moieties arelocated around two main axes forming 95? angles with the H-Baxis in the AH-B moieties for sulphamates and isocoumarins and125? angles for oximes, nitroanilines and dipeptides. The positionsof are, for all potent sweeteners, situated at 70—85%of the maximum distance of viewed from the centre of the Aatom, while for , this value was found to be 15% for oximes,25% for nitroanilines, 40% for sulphamates, 50—70% fordipeptides and 65% for isocoumarins. The results indicate thereare at least three — but a maximum of four — differentreceptor sites. They have very narrow site clefts with maximumheights of -0.6 nm.     

Roscoea cangshanensis M. H. Luo,X. F. Gao & H. H. Lin,a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan,China

Roscoea cangshanensis M. H. Luo, X. F. Gao & H. H. Lin, a new species of the Zingiberaceae from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is related to R. forrestii Cowley in habit, but differs in having 2-lobed labellum, each lobe 2-lobulate, base narrowed to a stalk with white lines, and narrower leaf blade, (2–)7–24×1.5–2.5 cm, with base narrow to petiole-like. The new species is also similar to R. debilis Gagnep. in having leaf base narrow to petiole-like, labellum obovate-cuneate, 2.5–3.5×2.5–3.0 cm, with white lines at throat, but differs in having bracts non-tubular, shorter, 5–15 mm long, concealed in leaf sheaths, corolla tubes longer, 10–12.5 cm long, labellum 2-lobed with each lobe further 2-lobulate.     

Polypeptides. 53. Water-soluble copolypeptides of L-glutamic acid, L-lysine, and L-alanine

The synthesis and some of the physical-chemical properties of tricopolymers of L -glutamic acid, L -lysine, and L -alanine are reported here. The molar ratios of the glutamyl: lysyl: alanyl residues were 1:1:X or 3:2:X, where the alanyl content X was increased in regular steps. The α-helix content calculated from the optical rotatory dispersion of the polypeptides is compared with a predicted helix content estimated from the composition of the polymers and the known behavior of the homopolypeptides at pH 3, 8, and 12. At pH 3 copolypeptides containing 20 mole-% or more alanine exhibit a helix content equal to the sum of their alanyl and glutamyl residue contents. At pH 8 the helix content equals the alanyl content when the latter was 40 mole-% or higher; at lower alanyl contents the electrostatic interaction between charged glutamyl and lysyl residues makes some contribution. At pH 12 the amount of helix observed is proportional to the mole ratio of alanine residues present in the polymer. The helix content of a tricopolymer containing 1:1:3 mole ratios of glutamyl: lysyl: alanyl residues was determined in solutions of lithium bromide and in urea solutions. Both reagents led to a decrease in helix content at pH 3 and 8 to a minimum of approximately 20% helix in 8M urea or 5.5M LiBr. The helix–random chain transition curves at pH 3 and 8 are parallel when the urea concentration is varied, but differ in shape when the lithium bromide concentration is varied at pH 3 and 8. The mode of action of these two “denaturing” reagents may thus be different. Heating the same tricopolypeptide at pH 3 or 8 from 5 to 80°C. also led to a helix–random chain transition centered at approximately 45°C.     

Erratum: Darwin,race, and the AAPA 1997 Charles R. Darwin lifetime achievement award,acceptance address. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 104:553–555.

ERRATUM: Philip V. Tobias (1997) Darwin, Race, and the AAPA 1997 Charles R. Darwin lifetime achievement award, acceptance address. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 104:553–555. Page 553, column 2, paragraph 3, line 2: “analyses” should be “analysts.” Page 554, column 1, line 4: Darwin's “great black bug of the Pampas” is Triatoma infestans. Page 554, column 1, paragraph 3, line 2: “century” should read “centenary.” The AJPA apologizes for these and other errors that crept into the printed version of Philip V. Tobias's Acceptance Address. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Changing U.S. Urban Neighborhoods: Patterns, Postmodern Analysis, and Policy Relevance

Left Behind in Rosedale: Race Relations and the Collapse of Community Institutions. Scott Cummings. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1998. 223 pp.
The Unknown City: The Lives of Poor and Working-Class Young Adults. Michelle Fine and Lois Weis. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1998. 328 pp.
The Anthropology of Lower Income Urban Enclaves: The Case of East Harlem. Judith Freidenberg. ed. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1995. 286 pp.     

Structure-activity relationships in sweeteners. II. Saccharins, acesulfames, chlorosugars, tryptophans and ureas

The previously introduced conceptual parameters (, , and S)to describe the stereochemical requirements for organic compoundsto taste sweet, were now applied to another series of sweetenersand to some well-known potent substances. With the help of anadapted STERIMOL computer program, the positions of relevant,hydrophobic side chains were determined in ureas, saccharins,tryptophans, chlorosugars and acesulfame derivatives in relationto their AH-B moieties. The results obtained were compared withprevious findings for five other homologous series of sweeteners.There is evidence to suggest that 6-substituted acesulfame derivativesand saccharin employ the same receptor site. in 5-substitutedacesulfame derivatives coincides with that of sulphamates calculatedearlier. in 6-chloro-D-tryptophan was found to be at equaldistances from H and B, a position which was earlier also observedfor the methyl ester group in aspartame. In the dulcin seriesof the urea derivatives, two AH-B moieties can be distinguished:the HN-CO group gives rise to , and 's which fit in the earliercalculated nitroaniline receptor site, while for the OC-NH₂group they are located near those found for isocoumarins. Thechlorine atoms in 1' '₁6'-dichlorosucrose are located aboveand below the plane of the pyranose ring at almost the samepositions with respect to the OH groups at positions 3 and 4(in fact, two equal 's), which are supposed to form the AH-Bmoiety. The high relative sweetness values of 1',6'-dichlorosucroseand 1',4,6'-trichlorogalactosucrose are most probably due tothe fact that both sweeteners can interact with the receptorsite in two ways (as such and upside-down). It is remarkablethat the average positions belonging to sweeteners with similarAH-B moieties are located very close to each other.     

Book Review:R.J. Cole,B.B. Jarvis and M.A. Schweikert eds.Handbook of Secondary Fungal metabolites,AcademicPress, UK, 2003. 2544 pp. $299.95.

Book Review

Book Review:R.J. Cole, B.B. Jarvis and M.A. Schweikert eds.Handbook of Secondary Fungal metabolites, AcademicPress, UK, 2003. 2544 pp. $299.95.     

Four newSalmonella types (S. gambaga,S. kumasi,S. pramiso andS. ashanti) isolated in Ghana

Summary Four newSalmonella types isolated in Ghana are described.S.gambaga, 21; z35: enz15,S.kumasi, 30;z10: enz15, andS.pramiso, 3,10;c: 1,7 were isolated from reptiles,S. ashanti, 28; b: 1,6 was isolated from a rat.     

Erratum: Hypoxia‐induced modifications in plasma membranes and lipid microdomains in A549 cells and primary human alveolar cells. L. Botto,E. Beretta,A. Bulbarelli,I. Rivolta,B. Lettiero,B.E. Leone,G. Miserocchi,and P. Palestini

In the originally published version of this article the first and surnames of the authorship were transposed. This notice is being published to amend the error and corrected online files of the original article are now available. J. Cell. Biochem. 108: 536, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Medicine, Rationality, and Experience.

Medicine, Rationality, and Experience. Byron J. Good. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994(cloth and paper). xvii. 242 pp.     

Papillonema danieli gen. et sp.n. and Papillonema clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. (Nematoda,Desmodoridae) from the Ceriops mangrove sediments of Gazi Bay,Kenya

A new genus, Papillonema gen.n., is erected to accomodate the two species P. danieli gen. et sp. n. and P. clavatum (Gerlach, 1957) comb.n. from intertidal sediments of a tropical mangrove. Papillonema gen.n. is characterized by prominent papilliform labial sensillae, an elongate muscular terminal bulb (up to 60% of pharyngeal length), and three precloacal supplements. Comments are given on the use of the terms head capsule, head region, and cervical setae.Abbreviations a: body length divided by maximum body diameter - abd: anal body diameter - amph %: diameter of the amphid as a percentage of the corresponding head diameter - aw: amphidial width - b: body length divided by pharyngeal length - bdcs: body diameter at level of the cephalic setae - bdnr: body diameter at level of nerve ring - c: body length divided by tail length - cs: length of cephalic setae - da: distance from anterior to anus - dcs: distance from anterior edge to cephalic setae - dnr: distance from anterior edge to nerve ring - dv: distance from anterior to vulva - gub: length of the gubernaculum - hw: head width - L: body length - Isp: length of sperm cells - mbd: maximum body diameter - mbd ph: body diameter at level of pharynx - ph: pharyngeal length - spic: length of spicules measured along the arc - t: tail length - tmr: length of non-annulated tail end - V: position of vulva as a percentage of the total body length from anterior - wsp: width of sperm cells