Contrast-Enhanced Harmonic Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Solid Pancreatic Lesions: A Retrospective Study

Background

The negative predictive value of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions remains low, and the biopsy specimens are sometimes inadequate for appropriate pathological diagnosis.

Aims

To evaluate the usefulness of a novel method of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration for the differential diagnosis and adequate sampling of solid pancreatic lesions.

Methods

Patients with a diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions who underwent fine-needle aspiration guided by contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography or by endoscopic ultrasonography from October 2010 to July 2013 were retrospectively identified and classified into the CH-EUS or EUS group, respectively. Surgical pathology and/or follow-up results were defined as the final diagnosis. Operating characteristics and adequacy of biopsy specimens by fine-needle aspiration were compared between the two groups.

Results

Operating characteristics for contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration in solid pancreatic lesions were as follows: area under the curve = 0.908, sensitivity = 81.6%, specificity = 100%, positive predictive value = 100%, negative predictive value = 74.1%, and accuracy = 87.9%. The percentage of adequate biopsy specimens in the CH-EUS group (96.6%) was greater than that in the EUS group (86.7%).

Conclusion

Simultaneous contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography during fine-needle aspiration is useful for improving the diagnostic yield and adequate sampling of solid pancreatic lesions.     

Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic FNAC diagnosis for solid and cystic lesions at Manchester Royal Infirmary based upon the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme

Objective

To compare endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐FNAC diagnosis of pancreatic lesions with patient outcome based upon the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme diagnostic categories: Panc 1 (non‐diagnostic); Panc 2 (negative for malignancy/neoplasia); Panc 3 (atypical); Panc 4B (neoplastic, benign); Panc 4O (neoplastic, other); Panc 5 (suspicious of malignancy); and Panc 6 (positive/malignant).

Methods

All EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens taken at Manchester Royal Infirmary in 2015 were prospectively classified according to the above scheme at the time of cytology reporting and data recorded prospectively. Subsequently, outcomes based on clinical follow‐up or histopathology diagnosis were compared with the cytology diagnosis.

Results

120 EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens from 111 patients were received, of which 112 (93.3%) specimens had follow‐up data. There were 79 and 41 EUS‐FNA pancreas specimens from solid and cystic lesions, respectively. Based on the cytology diagnosis the specimens were classified as Panc 1 (7.5%), Panc 2 (33.3%), Panc 3 (2.5%), Panc 4B (2.5%), Panc 4O (15.0%), Panc 5 (3.3%) and Panc 6 (35.9%). The performance indicators for diagnosis of malignancy or neoplasia with malignant potential, included sensitivity (95.4%), specificity (100%), positive predictive value (100%), negative predictive value (92.3%), false positive rate (0%) and false negative rate (4.6%).

Conclusions

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology pancreaticobiliary terminology classification scheme is a logical system that can easily be introduced in a diagnostic cytopathology service. This classification scheme acts as an aid to diagnostic reporting, clear communication of significant results including risk of neoplasia/malignancy to clinicians, clinical audit and comparison of results with other centres.     

多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌中的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在胰腺癌中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2017年2月至2019年2月我院接诊的72例经过手术病理证实的胰腺癌患者。比较多排螺旋CT平扫、动脉期、胰腺期、门脉期的检出率、神经、血管浸润情况、及选择55例正常胰腺组织比较两者多层螺旋CT扫描密度值的差异。结果:多层螺旋CT扫描,平扫、动脉期、胰腺期、门脉期检出率分别为63.89%、77.78%、95.83%、90.28%,胰腺期、门脉期检出率均显著高于平扫、动脉期(P<0.05);多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断胰腺癌神经浸润的准确性为80.56%(58/72),敏感性为91.07%(51/56),特异性为43.75%(7/16),阳性预测值85.00%(51/60),阴性预测值58.33%(7/12);多层螺旋CT增强扫描诊断胰腺癌血管浸润的准确性为95.83%(69/72),敏感性为80.00%(8/10),特异性为98.39%(61/62),阳性预测值88.89%(8/9),阴性预测值96.83%(61/63);胰腺癌组织多层螺旋CT扫描密度值均显著高于正常胰腺组织密度值,(P<0.05)。结论:多排螺旋CT在胰腺癌中诊断价值高,可帮助临床提供正确诊断,以选择合适的治疗方案。     

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of the pancreas: cytomorphological evaluation with emphasis on adequacy assessment,diagnostic criteria and contamination from the gastrointestinal tract1

Objective: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been proved to be safe, efficient and reliable in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. This study evaluated specimen adequacy, diagnostic criteria of various pancreatic neoplasms and contamination from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Methods: EUS‐guided FNA of the pancreas and subsequent surgical resections performed at the University of California Irvine Medical Center during February 1996–October 2000 were retrospectively selected. Modified Papanicolaou staining method was used for immediate evaluation and cell block prepared. Results: A total of 267 cases were available for review, including 147 (55.1%) positive/suspicious, 10 (3.7%) atypical, 96 (36.0%) negative and 14 (5.2%) unsatisfactory cases. Eighty‐six (58.5%) positive/suspicious cases had histological confirmation and 12 (8.3%) had lymph node or distant metastases by cytology. Three atypical, two negative, and two unsatisfactory cases proved to have adenocarcinoma. Contamination from duodenum, stomach or pancreas was found in 77 positive/suspicious, three atypical and 90 negative cases. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were 94.6%, 100%, 95.6%, 100%, 82% respectively. Conclusions: EUS FNA is efficient and accurate in the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms in adequate samples. Contamination from the GI tract should be well recognized to avoid misinterpretation.     

Value of EUS‐FNA cytological preparations compared with cell block sections in the diagnosis of pancreatic solid tumours

Y. Kopelman, S. Marmor, I. Ashkenazi and Z. Fireman
Value of EUS‐FNA cytological preparations compared with cell block sections in the diagnosis of pancreatic solid tumours Objective: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is performed in order to achieve a definite tissue diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. This in turn is a guide to the appropriate treatment for the patient. Tissue samples collected by the same needle for cytological preparations and cell block histological sections (often referred to as FNA‐cytology and FNA–biopsy, respectively) are handled differently. The specific contribution of each of these tests was evaluated. Methods: One hundred and two consecutive patients underwent EUS‐FNA while being investigated for pancreatic solid lesions. Diagnosis was made by cytology, cell block sections or both. The diagnosis was confirmed by clinical outcome. Results: Male/female ratio was 61/41. Mean age was 65 ± 12 years (range, 22–94). Mean lesion size was 3.1 ± 1.8 cm (range, 0.6–10 cm); 68% were >2 cm and 75% were located in the pancreatic head. The average number of needle passes was two (range, 1–4 passes). Final tissue diagnosis was malignant in 66 (65%) patients. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 73%, 94% and 81%, respectively, for cytology alone, and 63%, 100% and 78%, for cell blocks alone. Eighty‐two patients (80%) had cytology and cell blocks, which matched in 64 (78%) patients. EUS‐FNA results that relied on both techniques had 84% sensitivity, 94% specificity and 88% accuracy. Cytology revealed 13 malignancies not diagnosed on cell blocks, while cell blocks revealed five malignancies not diagnosed by cytology. Malignant lesions were more common in men; they were larger in size and located in the pancreatic head. Conclusion: EUS‐FNA cytology was more sensitive than cell blocks but less specific for the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions. The two methods are complementary and implementing both improves the diagnostic value of EUS‐FNA.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA): experience of an academic centre in the USA

S. Zhang, D. V. S. DeFrias, R. Alasadi and R. Nayar
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA): experience of an academic centre in the USA Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) has become widely accepted as an effective modality for obtaining tissue for primary diagnosis and staging. We have been using EUS‐FNA since July 2001 and herein we summarize our experience over a 5‐year period. Methods: A computer‐based search for in‐house EUS‐FNA was performed in the pathology database from July 2001 to October 2006. To calculate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS‐FNA, the cytology diagnosis was compared with the surgical follow‐up. Results: A total of 951 EUS‐FNAs were performed during the study period and included 279 pancreatic solid lesions, 186 pancreatic cyst lesions, 249 lymph node aspirations, 111 gastrointestinal (GI) tract submucosal lesions, and 126 miscellaneous lesions. EUS‐FNA had a very high sensitivity and accuracy for solid pancreatic lesions (94.7 and 97.7%, respectively), low sensitivity and accuracy but high specificity (47, 64.8 and 95%, respectively) for cystic lesions. Cyst fluid carcinoembryonic (CEA) levels were significantly higher in mucinous neoplasms than non‐neoplastic cysts. EUS‐FNA also had very high sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic carcinoma in lymph nodes (95 and 100%, respectively). GI submucosal spindle cell tumours were further classified with immunohistochemical stains performed either on a cell block or a core biopsy obtained via EUS guidance. Conclusions: EUS‐FNA has a very high sensitivity and accuracy for pancreatic solid lesions, but the sensitivity for cystic lesions is generally low. Cyst fluid chemical analysis for CEA is helpful, but the overlap between mucinous neoplasm and non‐neoplastic cysts is significant. Recognizing GI contamination is important and immunohistochemical stains are useful for GI submucosal spindle cell lesions.     

Clinicopathologic analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid. A review of 1,613 cases and correlation with histopathologic diagnoses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid lesions at our institution and to ascertain its usefulness in determining the therapeutic approach. STUDY DESIGN: The authors reviewed the results of 1,613 cases of FNA cytology of thyroid nodules performed from 1999 to 2001 at the Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital. Cytologic diagnoses were compared with histologic diagnoses in 207 cases that included both FNA and thyroid surgery. RESULTS: The sensitivity for the detection of neoplasms (carcinoma and follicular adenoma) was 78.4% and the specificity 98.2%. A false positive diagnosis was made in 1 case (1.8%) and false negative ones in 28 cases (21.5%). The diagnostic accuracy was 84.4%, with a positive predictive value of 99.0% and negative predictive value of 66.3%. The predictive value of a cytologic diagnosis was 100% in papillary carcinoma. CONCLUSION: FNA is a useful test in determining the therapeutic approach of thyroid lesions.     

Optimizing specimen collection and laboratory procedures reduces the non‐diagnostic rate for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of solid lesions of the pancreas

Objectives: Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) is a routine technique to assess solid pancreatic lesions. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of optimizing laboratory procedures for specimen preparation on the rate and accuracy of the procedure. Methods: All EUS‐FNAs of solid pancreatic lesions performed during the year 2000 (Period 1) and from May 2003 to May 2004 (Period 2) were analysed. During Period 1, one experienced gastroenterologist performed all EUS‐FNAs, making direct smears and retrieving small fragments if present on the smear for histology. In Period 2, two endoscopists performed the EUS‐FNAs and all the material was emptied into a vial containing a fixative. Slide preparation was carried out in the pathology laboratory: one slide was processed using cytocentrifugation and cell blocks were made from left‐over material. Neither period utilized rapid on‐site evaluation. Results: During the two periods, 67 and 102 FNAs were analysed and showed significantly different (P < 0.001) non‐diagnostic rates of 22.8% and 4.2%, respectively. The increased diagnostic yield can be explained by the modified laboratory procedures and to a lesser extent by the increased experience of the gastroenterologists. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in the second time period were, respectively, 90.6%, 100%, 100%, 81.8% and 93.4%, not significantly different from the first time period. Conclusion: This study shows that accurate EUS‐FNA results may be obtained with a low non‐diagnostic rate comparable to those reported for rapid on‐site evaluation by optimizing laboratory specimen processing in a setting of solid pancreatic lesions.     

Fine needle aspiration cytology of the pancreas

A review is presented of 205 fine needle aspirations of the pancreas performed on 149 patients. Clinical follow-up was available for 134 patients (88%). Aspirates from 71 patients (53%) were correctly diagnosed as malignant while those from 43 patients (32%) were correctly diagnosed as negative. Ten patients (7%) were falsely diagnosed as negative, and ten patients (7%) were diagnosed as suspicious. There were no false-positive diagnoses. This resulted in a specificity of 100%, a sensitivity of 87%, a diagnostic efficiency of 92%, a predictive value of a positive test of 100% and a predictive value of a negative test of 80%. The cytologic criteria of malignancy can be easily recognized. The complications are very few. Comparisons with the results of needle and wedge pancreatic biopsies are presented.     

Proffered papers 14.00–15.00 Tuesday 16 September 2003

Background  ERCP-directed brush cytology is used to sample lesions of the pancreatic and biliary ducts and the ampulla of Vater. With conventional preparations, the sensitivity and specificity range from 44% to 63% and 80% to 98%, respectively, and increased N : C ratio, nuclear molding and loss of honeycombing are reliable features of malignancy. The performance and morphology of specimens prepared by ThinPrep, a liquid-based cytology technique is mostly unknown.
Methods  The laboratory information system was searched for all cases prepared by ThinPrep. Patient disease classification of benign or malignant was determined by linkage with the provincial cancer registry and was the gold standard against which sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. True positives and negatives were reviewed to identify predictive cytomorphologic features.
Results  Between 1996 and 2001, there were 149 ThinPrep specimens; 55 (37%) were reported as positive for malignancy and 94 (63%) as negative. Disease was classified as malignant in 86 (58%) patients and benign in 63 (42%). There were 42 false negative, 11 false positive, 52 true negative, and 44 true positive cytology results. Sensitivity was 51.2% (CI; 40.2 : 62.0), specificity 82.5% (CI; 70.5 : 90.6), and PPV and NPV 80.0% (CI; 66.6 : 89) and 55.3% (CI; 44.7 : 65.5), respectively. Cell groups with crowded, enlarged, irregular nuclei and nuclear features of vesicular chromatin and large, multiple irregular nucleoli correlated with malignant disease, while monolayered sheets of uniform columnar cells, regular nuclei and a finely granular chromatin correlated with benign disease.
Conclusions  The performance of ThinPrep brushings from this anatomic site equals conventional preparations. Cytomorphologic features of malignancy are more frequent and pronounced with ThinPrep.     

Proffered papers 14.00–15.00 Tuesday 16 September 2003 8 Ampullary,pancreatic and biliary duct exfoliative brush cytology prepared by the thinprep method: performance and morphology

Background ERCP‐directed brush cytology is used to sample lesions of the pancreatic and biliary ducts and the ampulla of Vater. With conventional preparations, the sensitivity and specificity range from 44% to 63% and 80% to 98%, respectively, and increased N : C ratio, nuclear molding and loss of honeycombing are reliable features of malignancy. The performance and morphology of specimens prepared by ThinPrep, a liquid‐based cytology technique is mostly unknown. Methods The laboratory information system was searched for all cases prepared by ThinPrep. Patient disease classification of benign or malignant was determined by linkage with the provincial cancer registry and was the gold standard against which sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated. True positives and negatives were reviewed to identify predictive cytomorphologic features. Results Between 1996 and 2001, there were 149 ThinPrep specimens; 55 (37%) were reported as positive for malignancy and 94 (63%) as negative. Disease was classified as malignant in 86 (58%) patients and benign in 63 (42%). There were 42 false negative, 11 false positive, 52 true negative, and 44 true positive cytology results. Sensitivity was 51.2% (CI; 40.2 : 62.0), specificity 82.5% (CI; 70.5 : 90.6), and PPV and NPV 80.0% (CI; 66.6 : 89) and 55.3% (CI; 44.7 : 65.5), respectively. Cell groups with crowded, enlarged, irregular nuclei and nuclear features of vesicular chromatin and large, multiple irregular nucleoli correlated with malignant disease, while monolayered sheets of uniform columnar cells, regular nuclei and a finely granular chromatin correlated with benign disease. Conclusions The performance of ThinPrep brushings from this anatomic site equals conventional preparations. Cytomorphologic features of malignancy are more frequent and pronounced with ThinPrep.     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of vertebral lesions

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the diagnosis of vertebral lesions. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-nine FNAB cases of vertebral lesions from January 1996 to December 2001 were retrieved from the Allegheny General Hospital laboratory information system. The cases were reviewed and correlated with clinical findings, including previous clinical history, primary site of malignancy and final pathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: ENAB diagnoses were malignant in 43 cases, benign in 35, suspicious in 1, unsatisfactory in 7 and false negative in 3. Previous clinical history included malignancy (37 patients), osteomyelitis and systemic disease (11), and nonspecific or no history (41). In 34 cases (38.2%) both aspirates and core biopsies were available, and the diagnoses correlated in 29/34 cases (85%). Surgical or core biopsies in the unsatisfactory/suspicious group showed malignancy in 4 cases (50%). The sensitivity of FNAB of vertebral lesions was 96%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 92%, with no false positive cases. CONCLUSION: FNAB of vertebral lesions is an effective, sensitive and specific procedure in the diagnostic workup of a patient with or without a prior history of malignancy. Surgical pathology examination, including core biopsies of unsatisfactory or suspicious lesions, can further improve the diagnostic yield.     

Non-computer-assisted liquid-based cytology for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

The development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) occasionally follows the neoplastic progression of other premalignant lesions. Although biopsy is the definitive diagnostic method, liquid-based cytology is an adequate method for screening suspicious lesions. We compared liquid-based cytology to histology for diagnosis of OSCC in patients with oral lesions that raised clinical suspicion of malignancy. Our sample consisted of 48 patients. Cytological samples were obtained by scraping the lesion superficially using Cytobrush^®. We conducted cytological and histopathological evaluation of all preparations. We estimated sensitivity and specificity levels as well as positive and negative predictive values. The degree of inter-observer agreement for both methods was assessed using the kappa index. Twenty-eight (58.3%) of the cases finally were diagnosed with OSCC and 20 (41.7%) were determined to be premalignant lesions. We observed eight false negatives and no false positives; OSCC prevalence was 56.5%. The values for diagnostic indices were: sensitivity, 69% (CI 95%, prevalence 51.87); specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 71% (CI 95% 54.82). A kappa index of 0.622 (CI 95% 0.93, 0.39) was observed.     

超声内镜在上消化道黏膜下肿瘤诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:分析超声内镜(EUS)在上消化道黏膜下肿瘤(SMT)诊断价值。方法:选取我院收治的SMT患者81例,均进行EUS检查,且在院内进行内镜,或者手术治疗,将EUS诊断结果与术后的病理结果进行对比分析。结果:本组87处病变,经EUS诊断结果显示,平滑肌瘤35处,间质瘤36处,异位胰腺6处,脂肪瘤6处,类癌1处,囊肿1处,2处未做明确的诊断。经计算,EUS诊断SMT的阳性预测值79.31%,其中平滑肌瘤阳性预测值94.29%,间质瘤阳性预测值69.44%,异位胰腺阳性预测值83.33%,脂肪瘤阳性预测值66.67%。与术后病理诊断结果不符的EUS诊断病变共18处,诊断错误率20.69%,食管病变7处,胃病变10处,十二指肠病变1处。结论:EUS对上消化道SMT的诊断效果总体令人满意,但需要注意鉴别诊断,提高诊断准确率。     

急性胰腺炎患者的CT、MRI影像学表现及其诊断价值对比研究

摘要 目的：比较急性胰腺炎患者的电子计算机断层扫描（CT）、磁共振成像（MRI）影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法：选择2018年1月-2019年12月我院收治并初步诊断为急性胰腺炎的患者124例，所有患者均同时行CT和MRI检查，并比较两种检查方式诊断急性胰腺炎的影像学表现，以临床最终诊断结果作为参考，比较两种检查方式诊断急性胰腺炎的价值。结果：124例患者，经临床最终诊断为急性胰腺炎96例，28例为非急性胰腺炎，以临床最终诊断结果为"金标准"，CT诊断急性胰腺炎的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为84.38%、75.00%、92.05%、58.33%、82.26%，MRI诊断急性胰腺炎的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确度分别为95.83%、78.57%、93.88%、84.62%、91.94%，MRI诊断急性胰腺炎的灵敏度、阴性预测值和准确度显著高于CT（P<0.05），两种检查方式诊断急性胰腺炎的特异度、阳性预测值比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：CT和MRI影像学表现有利于急性胰腺炎的诊断，两者对急性胰腺炎诊断均具有较高的灵敏度、特异度和准确度， 但MRI诊断急性胰腺炎的灵敏度、准确度优于CT。     

Fine needle aspiration biopsy for improving the diagnostic accuracy of cut needle biopsy of focal liver lesions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in comparison to cut needle biopsy (CNB) for the diagnosis of malignancy of focal liver lesions. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 FNAB and 49 CNB procedures performed on 62 patients with focal liver lesions. RESULTS: Cytology permitted a diagnosis of the lesion in 78% of cases. When punctures with insufficient material were excluded (11), the diagnostic accuracy of FNAB was 93%. For the 49 patients who underwent both procedures, FNAB and CNB had the same diagnostic accuracy, 78%, when considered separately and of 88% when considered in combination. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value were similar for the 2 techniques. The negative predictive value was 64% for FNAB and CNB used separately and reached 78% when the 2 techniques were combined. There were no complications during the execution of FNAB and CNB. CONCLUSION: FNAB is an effective and safe method for the diagnosis of focal hepatic lesions, with diagnostic accuracy similar to that of CNB. When the 2 techniques are combined, the accuracy of the diagnosis of malignancy of focal liver lesions increases.     

基于冠状动脉CT血管造影的血流储备分数对高原高海拔环境下冠心病的诊断价值

摘要 目的：探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影（CCTA）的血流储备分数（FFR）对高原高海拔环境下冠心病的诊断价值。方法：选择2022年1月至2023年5月期间在青海省心脑血管病专科医院接受CCTA检查并行导丝测量FFR的患者54例为研究对象。采用Flash双源螺旋CT采集数据,基于CCTA图像通过流体力学原理模拟计算基于CCTA的FFR（CT-FFR）。以FFR为金标准,分析CT-FFR诊断冠心病和冠脉血管病变的阳性预测值和阴性预测值、敏感度、准确性、特异度,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析CT-FFR对冠心病和冠脉血管病变的诊断效能;采用Bland-Altman图分析CT-FFR与FFR的一致性。结果：CT-FFR诊断冠心病的阳性预测值为73.08%,阴性预测值为89.29%,敏感度为86.36%,准确性为81.48%,特异度为78.13%;CT-FFR诊断冠心病的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.854,95%CI为0.747~0.962;CT-FFR诊断冠状动脉血管病变的阳性预测值为71.05%,阴性预测值为91.84%,敏感度为87.10%,准确性为82.76%,特异度为80.36%;CT-FFR诊断冠脉血管病变的AUC为0.921,95%CI为0.865~0.978。无论是诊断冠心病还是诊断冠状动脉血管病变,CT-FFR与FFR具有良好的一致性。结论：CT-FFR诊断高原海拔环境下的冠心病具有较高的准确性和敏感度,检测效能较理想,与FFR具有良好的一致性。     

HPV16感染检测和TCT筛查联用的临床应用

目的评估人乳头瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus,HPV)16感染和液基薄层细胞学(thinprep cytologic test,TCT)筛查在预测宫颈病变中的临床价值。方法以门诊537例高危型HPV感染疑似宫颈病变女性为对象,进行HPV16感染分析、液基薄层细胞学和阴道镜病理检查,以病理活检为金标准,比较HPV16感染筛查方法、TCT筛查方法以及二者联用在筛查中的敏感度、特异度等指标,判断其临床应用价值。结果 HPV16感染筛查方法的敏感度为62.9%,特异度为83.5%,阳性预测值为53.4%,阴性预测值为88.2%;TCT筛查方法的敏感度为41.2%,特异度为92.7%,阳性预测值为62.9%,阴性预测值为84.0%;二者联合筛查,以HPV16感染或TCT异常为阳性,敏感度为84.7%,特异度为75.8%,阳性预测值为51.2%,阴性预测值为94.3%。结论 HPV16感染联合TCT异常筛查可以提高筛查的灵敏度,特异度也在可接受范围内,可以作为宫颈防癌初筛方法。     

Renal fine needle aspiration cytology

OBJECTIVE: To audit and evaluate the pitfalls in renal fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of 180 renal FNAs from 163 patients, encountered at Canberra Hospital, Australian Capital Territory, between June 1989 and July 1997 was undertaken. The FNA procedures had been performed by radiologists under computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US) guidance. The study correlated the FNA results with biopsy findings and clinical outcome. RESULTS: The initial cytologic diagnoses included 84 (47%) benign, 6 (3%) atypical, 7 (4%) suspicious, 70 (39%) malignant and 13 (7%) inadequate. Six of the 13 cytologically inadequate group, on further investigation, had malignant histology. The benign cytologic categories contained 79 benign conditions and 5 cases with a malignant outcome. The atypical cytologic group contained 5 benign and 1 malignant case. All nine cytologically suspicious cases had malignant histology. The cytologically malignant group contained 62 malignant, 7 benign and 1 patient lost to follow-up. The sensitivity was 92.5%, specificity was 91.9%, positive predictive value was 89.9%, negative predictive value was 94.0%, and efficacy of the test was 92.2%. CONCLUSION: Renal FNA can provide an accurate diagnosis in most instances; however, aspiration cytology of the kidney has limitations and pitfalls. Low grade renal cell carcinoma has to be differentiated from oncocytoma, angiomyolipoma, renal infarct and reactive conditions. Renal FNA has a high negative predictive value, which is useful in reassuring patients with radiologically and cytologically benign lesions. Negative FNA does not exclude malignancy in the presence of a radiologic suspicion.     

Fine needle aspiration of the liver

A total of 81 transhepatic fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies were performed on 78 patients to rule out focal or diffuse neoplastic disease; 87.6% were performed with ultrasound guidance, 6.1% with CT guidance, 3.7% intraoperatively and 1 using fluoroscopy during percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Smears of the aspirated samples were cytologically evaluated with clinical and radiologic correlation; in addition, histologic examination of cell blocks was performed in 46% of the cases, ultrastructural examination in 34% of the cases and peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining in 3 cases. Ultrastructural definition of the type of malignancy was possible in 24 cases (29%). Minor complications in two patients were pain and tenderness at the puncture site. The sensitivity for malignancy was 91%, the specificity was 100%, the predictive value of positive results was 100%, and the predictive value of negative results was 73%. This series demonstrates that FNA biopsy with ultrasound guidance can provide an accurate diagnosis of malignancy and may preempt a lengthy workup in the search for a primary tumor.