KRAB型锌指蛋白(KZNF)的研究进展

KRAB型锌指蛋白是哺乳动物中最大的转录调控因子家族, 它的多数成员在基因组上成簇分布。其结构特征是N端含有KRAB结构域, C端含有多个C2H2型锌指结构。KRAB结构域为一蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用区, 可以与多种协同转录抑制因子和转录因子结合, 使KRAB型锌指蛋白作为转录因子和/或转录调控因子发挥依赖于DNA结合的转录抑制功能, 在胚胎发育、细胞分化、细胞转化及细胞周期的调控中发挥重要功能。     

KRAB型锌指蛋白的进化及在物种演化中的功能

C2H2型锌指蛋白家族是目前发现的哺乳动物中最大的转录/转录调控因子家族,由一小群古老的含有真核锌指结构的转录因子经过多次基因复制和功能分化演化而来。KRAB型锌指蛋白(KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins, KRAB-ZFPs)作为C2H2型锌指蛋白家族中最大的亚家族,最早出现在四足脊椎动物,并随物种的进化数量快速增长,在人类中占据C2H2型锌指蛋白的60%左右。在物种演化中,进化压力主要改变KRAB-ZFPs的DNA结合能力,而KRAB-ZFPs介导的转录抑制能力则稳定存在。同时,多种KRAB-ZFPs能够与KRAB相关蛋白1(KRAB-associated protein 1, KAP1)协同作用沉默哺乳动物中反转录元件的活性,并与之协同进化,严格限制反转录原件的跳跃能力。本文综述了KRAB-ZFPs的数量倍增、锌指结构的灵活多变、KRAB-ZFPs/KAP1的转录抑制能力和反转录元件的跳跃性在促进哺乳动物调控网络的差异、基因组稳定性的变化和物种进化中的作用,旨在进一步揭示KRAB-ZFPs在推动物种稳定演化中的特点和功能。     

Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Anti-Cancer Effects of Selenium-Binding Protein 1 In Vivo Are Associated with Metabolic Pathways

Previous studies have shown the tumor-suppressive role of selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that induction of SBP1 showed significant inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth and metastasis in mice. We further employed isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify proteins that were involved in SBP1-mediated anti-cancer effects in tumor tissues. We identified 132 differentially expressed proteins, among them, 53 proteins were upregulated and 79 proteins were downregulated. Importantly, many of the differentially altered proteins were associated with lipid/glucose metabolism, which were also linked to Glycolysis, MAPK, Wnt, NF-kB, NOTCH and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways. These results have revealed a novel mechanism that SBP1-mediated cancer inhibition is through altering lipid/glucose metabolic signaling pathways.     

KRAB型锌指蛋白在高等脊椎动物胚胎发育和肿瘤发生、发展中的调控功能

KRAB型锌指蛋白(KRAB-ZFPs)最早出现于四足类脊椎动物, 且进化非常迅速, 是人类基因组编码的最大转录因子家族。尽管当前对此家族蛋白发挥调控功能的分子机制已有较为深入的研究, 但关于此家族蛋白所具备的高等脊椎动物特有的调控功能目前尚无全面系统的认识。文章对KRAB型锌指蛋白在高等脊椎动物的胚胎发育及肿瘤发生、发展中发挥的调控功能进行综述, 以期丰富对该家族蛋白在不同生理、病理过程中调控功能的认识, 为今后更深入的理论和应用研究打下坚实基础。