闽东约马蜂的生物学习性观察

约马蜂PolistesjokanamaeRadoszkowski是一种习见的社会性天敌昆虫。研究表明约马蜂在闽东地区于4月中旬觅址筑巢,历经40d建成31~40个巢房的小巢。约马蜂1年发生2代,第1代蜂于5月下旬开始羽化,7月初蜂巢拥有职蜂可达30只,每只职蜂日均外勤达14次,群体进入快速增长期;第2代蜂8~9月间出现,雄蜂所占比例超过1/3,群体进入鼎盛期。第2代雌蜂与雄蜂交尾后于11月陆续离巢越冬。幼体发育历期28~37d,与外界气温密切相关,随温度升高而缩短。文中还提出计算幼体发育历期的方法。     

墨胸胡蜂生物学特性的观察

墨胸胡蜂VespanigrithoraxBuysson隶属膜翅目,胡蜂科。据记载国内主要分布在浙江、江西、福建、四1;D、广东、广西、云南、贵州、西藏。近年来长江以北地区数量增加,我们对安徽江淮地区的墨胸胡蜂的形态、筑巢、食性等生物学特性进行了初步观察,报道如下。l形态特征墨胸胡蜂是社会性昆虫,其群体由雌蜂、职蜂、雄蜂组成。雌蜂：头部略窄于胸部,两触角窝之间三角平面隆起,呈棕色。颊部上部1／3为墨色,下部2／3棕色。上颚粗壮,红棕色,端部呈黑色。胸部均呈黑色,翅呈棕色。前足基节前缘内侧呈棕色,其余黑色,转节、股节黑色,外侧…     

黑卷尾的繁殖习性观察

1996－1998年的5－8月,对山西沁水县中村镇张马地段黑卷尾的栖息环境,行为习性,季节迁徙,种群密度,繁殖生物学,食物组成等进行了定位观察。     

橙红圆盾蚧的生活习性及防治

<正> 橙红圆盾蚧(网籽草叶圆蚧)Chrysomphalus dictyspermi(Morgan),属盾蚧科。该虫为害苏铁、金边瑞香、五针松、龟背竹、橡皮树、一叶兰、象牙红、柑桔等多种温室盆栽花木。1987～1988年作者对该虫进行了观察,现将结果整理如下。 1.生活史 橙红圆盾蚧在上海地区一年发生3代,以受精雌成虫在寄主茎叶上固着越冬。翌年5月上旬检查,越冬成虫已全部孕卵。5月中旬开始产第一代卵,产卵盛期在5月中下     

陕西省袭人胡蜂种类与分布

通过调查基本明确了陕西省袭人胡蜂的种类和发生危害情况,确定了袭人胡蜂不同种类在陕西省各地区的分布情况,并制定了分类检索表,描述了3种主要的袭人胡蜂和其它2种胡蜂的基本特征。     

中黑盲蝽性外激素释放及产卵习性观察

<正> 1983年以来,中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev为害日益严重,已成为南通棉区棉花蕾铃期的主要害虫之一。本试验就中黑盲蝽的性外激素释放及产卵习性进行了一系列观察,旨在为预测中黑盲蝽的种群变化趋势及有效地防治中黑盲蝽提供依据。现将研究结果报道如下。 一、材料与方法 (一)供试虫源 将田间四代中黑盲蝽老     

宁夏黑绒金龟生活习性及防治

该虫在当地1年1代,以成虫在土中越冬。4月中下旬出土,5月中旬为发生为害盛期,主要为害豌豆、亚麻、瓜类等作物幼苗。成虫的发生消长除和一定温度有关外,更大程度和降水量、湿度关系更为密切,降水多时,发生较轻。据该虫习性,利用溴氰菊酯、敌马粉等药剂和初发叶的杨、榆、柳树枝药液浸后诱杀效果理想。     

黑颈长尾雉繁殖习性的初步研究

黑颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus humiae burmannicus)是我国的一级保护动物。据郑作新等(1978),吴名川(1984)报道,云南亚种在国内仅分布于桂、滇两省区。作者于1986年5月、1987年2—6月、1988年1、5、9—10月、1989年7月、1990年4、5月间在隆林县金钟山北坡对其的繁殖习性作了初步的观察,现报道如下:     

中国南部狭腹胡蜂的生物学与地理分布(膜翅目：胡蜂总科)

1989-1991年与日本京都大学合作,对我国南部狭腹胡蜂区系、生态、行为学等方面进行了研究。本文主要报道狭腹胡蜂的生物学与地理分布。研究结果表明狭腹胡蜂的栖息和巢室建筑分野外和住宅两种环境。密侧狭腹胡蜂Parischnogaster mellyi(Sau.)的蜂巢密度在30-100m²之间的住户内,平均为8.25巢,最高“巢,最低为2巢。巢室材料分植物纤维和土两类。在东径99‘15'一104°98',北纬20°06'-22°55'之间范围内,除分布在海拔1000m以上类群外,一年四季都可进行活动,无越冬现象。分布范围最北限止于贵州东北部。     

Microsatellite loci for genetic research in the hornet Vespa mandarinia and related species

We developed 5 microsatelitte loci in the hornet Vespa mandarinia from RAPD fragments. The 5 loci showed 3–7 alleles in V. mandarinia and many were also polymorphic in the related species, V. ducalis, V. analis, Dolichovespula norvegicoides and Vespula schrenckii. These results suggested the loci will be useful for analyzing genetic structure of Vespinae, at both the colony and population levels.     

太白虎凤蝶的生物学与生境研究

太白虎凤蝶Luehdorfia taibai主要分布于太白山南坡的局部地点,是我国特有种,种群数量稀少,并且呈下降趋势。研究了野生状态下该种蝴蝶的生活史、习性、生命表、产卵地需求,并对部分栖息地要素进行了调查分析。分析了濒危原因,提出了保护建议。太白虎凤蝶1年1代,以蛹越冬,蛹期约300d。翌年4月中下旬为成虫羽化盛期,产卵于幼虫寄主植物马蹄香Saruma henryi叶片背面。1—2龄幼虫聚集生活,3龄即扩散,白天藏入枯叶层中躲避天敌,晚上出来取食。老熟虫于枯叶或石缝中化蛹。产卵地多位于海拔1000—1400 m之间,森林郁闭度低于60%,寄主植物密度低于2株/m2,并且伴有较厚的枯叶层,较多石块的环境中。成虫访花、交尾活动和产卵地环境有所不同,多在沟底较为开阔、多蜜源植物的地点。对太白虎凤蝶的保护建议采取适度干扰原则,对栖息地生境定期实施矮林作业、割灌等经营管理措施,保持1个栖息地斑块内有几块较为开阔的林间空地和寄主植物和寄主植物即可。对于人为干扰过重的秦岭南坡地区,需进行人工管理恢复生境,辅以人工繁殖恢复种群数量。此外,应严格限制对太白虎凤蝶卵、幼虫和成虫的大量采集活动。     

Occurrence of Vespa velutina Lepeletier from Korea, and a revised key for Korean Vespa species (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

This is the first report of occurrence of Vespa velutina Lepeletier from Korea. The diagnosis and taxonomic relationship between geographical subspecies is provided, with a revised key to complement the previous taxonomic information of Korean Vespa species. The ecological aspect of the species is also discussed.     

Early collapse of Vespa simillima (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) colonies in central Japan

During the past 15 years in the Ina Valley, Japan, mature fifth instar larvae of the yellow hornet, Vespa simillima, have been occasionally ejected from colonies during September. During 2005, this unusual behavior was particularly widespread, and collection of several V. simillima colonies confirmed that very few fifth instar larvae were present. When compared with an average colony, constructed from 41 colonies collected 20 years previously, colonies in 2005 had 80% fewer fifth instar larvae, despite queen egg‐laying rates remaining similar. It may be that the amount of food provided to the larvae by workers is less than the amount of larval secretions received by workers, which is causing the larvae to become emaciated and preventing them from pupating. This phenomenon normally occurs naturally at the end of the colony cycle in November, when prey abundance decreases and larval secretions or other sources of carbohydrates, for example from ripe fruit, tree sap, or aphid secretions, are needed by sexuals to build up fat reserves. However, another possibility is that the unexplained appearance of this phenomenon in September, which is causing colonies to collapse without producing any or very few sexuals, is due to foragers feeding the larvae prey that are contaminated with insect growth regulators, via pesticides, which are known to prevent successful pupation.     

广州地区达摩凤蝶生物学特性观察

详细描述了达摩凤蝶Papilio demoleus L．各虫态的形态特征、生活史及生活习性。在广州地区。该蝶1年发生5代以上,以蛹在寄主植物上越冬,成虫3月初始见,幼虫共5龄,以芸香科的金橘属、酒饼筋和柑橘类等植物叶片为食料。     

Functional Expression and Characterization of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV from the Black-Bellied Hornet Vespa basalis in Sf21 Insect Cells

The maturation of mastoparan B, the major toxin peptide in the venom of Vespa basalis, requires enzymatic cleavage of its prosequence presumably via sequential liberation of dipeptides. The putative processing enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, was expressed as a glycosylated His-tag fusion protein (rDPP-IV) via the baculovirus expression system. rDPP-IV purified by one-step nickel-affinity chromatography was verified by Western blot and LC-MS/MS analysis. The k_cat/K_m of rDPP-IV was determined to be in the range of 10–500 mM^?1·S^?1 for five synthetic substrates. The optimal temperature and pH for rDPP-IV were determined to be 50 °C and pH 9. Enzymatic activity of rDPP-IV was significantly reduced by 80 and 60% in the presence of sitagliptin and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride respectively.     

大胡蜂蜂毒中多肽和蛋白质结构和功能的多样性

为证明大胡蜂Vespa magnifica(Smith)蜂毒具有较大的药用开发价值,本研究采用超高效液相色谱-质谱和电泳技术对其多肽和蛋白质的分布进行分析,发现其蛋白质的相对分子质量主要分布在17~45kDa范围内。蜂毒多肽类物质的相对分子质量呈"单峰"式分布,61%在500~3000Da范围内,为大胡蜂蜂毒中多肽含量最为丰富的部分。通过牛津杯法对蜂毒的抑菌活性进行研究,且以HepG2人肝癌细胞及B16黑色素瘤细胞为研究对象,用MTT法检测蜂毒的细胞毒性活性,证明其具有良好的抑菌作用和细胞毒活性,其结果与已报道的其他蜂类既有相似性又存在具体差异,展示了大胡蜂蜂毒的分子多样性,为后续该毒素的物质基础研究及药用价值开发提供参考。     

Complete mitochondrial genome of the black‐tailed hornet,Vespa ducalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae): Genomic comparisons in Vespoidea

We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the black‐tailed hornet, Vespa ducalis (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). The genome was 15,779‐bp long and contained typical sets of genes [13 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs]. The V. ducalis A + T‐rich region was 166‐bp long and was the shortest of all sequenced Vespoidea genomes, including Vespa. The genome was highly biased toward A/T nucleotides—80.1 % in the whole genome, 77.8 % in PCGs, 83.4–85.6 % in RNAs, and 92.8 % in the A + T‐rich region. These values are well within the typical range for genes and regions of Vespoidea mitogenomes. Start and stop codons in several Vespa species—including V. ducalis—were diversified, despite these species belonging to the same genus. In comparison with the ancestral mitogenomes, Vespa mitogenomes—including that of V. ducalis—showed substantial gene rearrangement; however, we detected no gene rearrangement among Vespa species. We conducted phylogenetic reconstruction based on concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs and two rRNAs (12,755 bp ) in available species of Vespoidea—21 species in six subfamilies in two families (Vespidae and Formicidae). The Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood (ML) methods revealed that each family formed strong monophyletic groups [Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) = 1; ML, 100 %]. Moreover, V. ducalis and V. mandarinia formed a strong sister group (BPP = 1; ML, 94 %).     

铁木剑凤蝶的生物学习性观察

本文较详细地讨论了铁木剑凤蝶谷虫态的形态特征、生活史及生活习性。该蝶一年发生一代,以蛹在寄生植物上越冬,成虫3月下旬至4月初发生,幼虫共7龄,以樟树等樟属植物叶片为食料。