元谋干热河谷不同人工林中鞘翅目甲虫多样性比较

在元谋干热河谷采用网扫法调查了云南松林、桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林、印楝林及多树种混交的人工林鞘翅目昆虫多样性。结果表明,鞘翅目甲虫标本925号,计71种,分属18个科,其中叶甲科种类最丰富,象甲科数量最丰富。人工林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度在7～23,Shannon—Wiener多样性指数在1．249～2．562,昆虫多样性总体较低。各样地鞘翅目群落之间为不相似水平。云南松林鞘翅目昆虫群落物种丰富度、Shannon—Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数分别为20、2．562、0．104和0．855,其多样性最高,多树种混交林较高,印楝林较低,而桉树林、新银合欢林、桉树＋新银合欢林多样性极低。多树种混交的恢复对昆虫多样性提高有显著促进作用。     

安徽菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫区系分析及多样性研究

在2012年-2013年期间对菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫多样性进行调查,在不同生境、月份对该湿地的鞘翅目昆虫种类及数量进行了统计,对采集的物种进行编目,并采用Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、MargMef丰富度指数对其群落多样性进行分析。结果表明：菜子湖湿地共有鞘翅目昆虫种类139种,分别隶属于29科114属,其中安徽新记录种7种。区系分析表明该湿地东洋古北共有种占优势,东洋种次之,古北种最少,其所占比例分别为62．59％、27．34％、10．07％。鞘翅目昆虫多样性分析结果显示：不同生境多样性指数高低顺序为草丛一灌木区〉农田区〉滩涂一草丛;不同月份多样性指数高低顺序为5月、7月、61月和8月。多样性、均匀性及丰富度的相关分析说明：菜子湖湿地鞘翅目昆虫多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度指数呈正相关,表明该湿地鞘翅目昆虫群落较稳定。     

飞机喷药防治马尾松毛虫对林内昆虫多样性的影响研究

近年我省采用飞机喷药防治森林病虫害的面积不断扩大,本文在飞防区防治前后随机采取昆虫样本,以研究飞防喷药对昆虫及其多样性的影响,采用Bt＋病毒、灭幼脲、苦参碱·烟碱乳油和森得保飞机喷药防治的各试验区内,调查发现飞机喷药防治前后各试验区出现的优势类群均为蜘蛛、鞘翅目、同翅目、膜翅目和双翅目昆虫。灭幼脲和森得保飞机喷药防治后生物多样性指数指数有所增加,且差异显著;Bt＋病毒和苦参碱·烟碱乳油飞防后生物多样性指数指数有变化,但差异不显著。     

植物对昆虫多样性的影响

昆虫多样性是生物多样性的重要组成部分,植物及植物群落对昆虫多样性有极为重要的影响。本文从植物不同方面对昆虫多样性影响进行阐述：1）植物高度与盖度的增大为昆虫提供更多的生存空间,增加了昆虫多样性;2）基因多样性高的植物种群能提供更大生态位,使昆虫多样性增加,个体数量增大;3）植物物种和功能群多样性增加,使得有更多的物种数量可以支持更多昆虫;4）植物生产力增加使昆虫需要的食物资源增加,昆虫多样性随之增大。已有相应假说和理论,解释植物对昆虫多样性影响机制。同时,指出了植物对昆虫多样影响存在问题以及今后发展方向。     

提高狗蔷薇离体培养植株再生频率

以狗蔷薇（Rosa canina Inermis）为材料,以MS为基本培养基,通过对不同植物生长调节剂的组合,大幅度提高了狗蔷薇离体培养植株再生频率。结果表明,2．0mg／L 6-BA＋0．3mg／L 2,4-D的组合较为适宜,其不定芽再生率为87％,增殖率为3．0;而CPPU和2,4-D的适宜组合为1．5mg／L＋0．3mg／L,其不定芽再生率高达93％,增殖率为5．0。同时,研究结果显示,以MS＋40g／L蔗糖＋6．0g／L琼脂粉＋3．5mg／L AgNO3＋1．5mg／L CPPU＋0．1mg／L 2,4-D＋0．05mg／L GA3作增殖培养基效果最好,不定芽诱导率为89％,增殖率为5．5;利于生根的培养基为1／4MS＋20g／L蔗糖＋3．5g／L琼脂＋0．3％活性碳＋0．1mg／L IBA＋0．1mg／L NAA,生根率为91％。     

激素种类及其浓度对矮牵牛试管苗增殖及生根率的影响

以MS培养基为基本培养基,以矮牵牛试管苗为材料,并用不同浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA、KT、Ad分别与生长素NAA（0．10mg／L）进行配比试验,并用一定浓度的细胞分裂素6-BA、KT、Ad两两分别组合配比试验,探讨了不同浓度的细胞分裂素对矮牵牛试管苗的影响,以及两类生长素IBA和NAA对生根的影响。结果表明,适合于矮牵牛试管苗增殖的培养基有：（1）MS＋1．60mg／L 6-BA＋0．10mg／LNAA;（2）MS＋0．80mg／L 6-BA＋1．60mg／LKT＋0．10mg／L NAA;（3）MS＋0．80mg／L 6-BA＋0．20mg／LAd＋0．10mg／LNAA;（4）MS＋1．60mg／L KT＋0．20mg／L Ad＋0．10mg／L NAA。适合于矮牵牛试管苗生根的培养基有（1）1／2MS;（2）1／ZMS＋0．20mg／L1BA;（3）1／2MS＋0．20mg／LNAA。     

雌雄栝楼的组织培养研究

对雌雄栝楼（Trlctmsanthes kirilowii Maxim）分别进行组织培养的研究结果表明：在雌雄栝楼组织培养过程中,愈伤组织的诱导和分化适宜的培养基均存在性别差异。愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基分别是,雌性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋IBA0．5mg／L＋6-BA1．5mg／L;雄性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg/L＋IBA0．5mg／L＋6-BA0．5mg／L和MS＋NAA0．1mg／L＋IBA1．0mg／L＋6-BA1．0mg/L。愈伤组织分化的适宜培养基分别是,雌性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．1mg／L＋IBA0．4mg／L＋6-BA1．2mg／L;雄性栝楼培养基为MS＋NAA0．3ms／L＋IBA0．2mg／L＋6-BA0．8mg／L;雌雄栝楼无根苗生根的适宜培养基均为MS＋NAA0．1mg／L。     

昆虫多样性三十年研究进展

当前, 全球昆虫数量和多样性均处于下降趋势, 而导致这一趋势的原因主要包括人为干扰及气候变化。本文基于森林、草地、农业、水生和土壤生态系统, 以植食性、访花、捕食性、寄生性、食果以及食腐昆虫为重点功能昆虫群, 综述了近三十年来国内外昆虫多样性研究领域的主要进展, 并分析了发展趋势。近年来, 昆虫多样性的研究维度不断拓展, 形态多样性研究不断深入, 系统发生多样性、功能多样性和遗传多样性等研究也显著加强。此外, 昆虫多样性研究的空间尺度也逐步扩大, 大尺度区域性研究甚至全球范围的调查持续增长。昆虫进化历史也被引入多样性格局研究中, 并随着系统发生信息学方法的普及而被整合到生态系统建成和生物多样性形成机制研究中。未来需要加强关键昆虫类群整合分类学研究、功能性状多样性、林冠昆虫多样性、互作网络结构等方向的研究。     

新疆冬春麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白遗传多样性研究

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）对236份新疆小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的组成进行了分析。结果表明：Glu-Ⅰ位点共有19种等位基因,其中Glu-Al位点3种,Glu-Bl位点7种,Glu—D1住点9种;亚基null、7＋8、2＋12在各自的位点上出现频率最高,分别达到91．95％、85．17％、80．93％;亚基组成类型共有21种,主要为null／7＋8／2＋12,频率达70．34％;同时筛选出33份含有1、2^＊、13＋16、14＋15、5＋10、1．5＋10、174-18等优质亚基的材料,可作为优质基因源。利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对其中的65份地方品种进行醇溶蛋白多样性分析。结果表明：电泳出现64条迁移率不同的谱带,构成65种组合,其中ω区出现的谱带最多,达17条;其次是β和γ区各16条,α区出现的谱带数最少,为15条。从每条谱带在65份材料中出现的频率看,总的变异范围为1．54％～93．85％;α、β、γ和ω4个分区多样性指数（H1）分别为0．498、0．386、0．523和0．348,表明新疆麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白位点存在丰富的遗传多样性。     

桃园主要害虫、天敌种群动态及其群落结构的研究

系统研究了3月中旬～10月上旬桃园主要害虫、天敌的种群动态和昆虫群落的相对多度、丰富度、生态优势度、多样性指数、均匀度等群落特征指数的变动,分析了影响昆虫群落多样性的主要因素．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.