野生型莱茵衣藻及其不同突变株的抗NaCl能力检测

检测莱茵衣藻的2种野生型CC-124、CC-125和15个不同突变株对NaCl抗性的结果表明,野生型品系CC-124和CC-125对NaCl的抗性达到260 mmo1·L-1,其中叶绿素b缺失的cbn1-48mt 和cbn1-48mt-基因突变株品系对NaCl最为敏感(即对100mmo1·L-1以上浓度的NaC1表现敏感).用紫外线照射诱变法,对野生型品系CC-124进行诱导,初步筛选出对150mmol·L-1NaCl敏感的突变株6个,对350mmol·L-1NaCl有抗性的突变株2个.     

莱茵衣藻Nfr-4突变株中类胡萝卜素含量的变化及其对藻生长的影响

文章对相同条件下培养的莱茵衣藻野生型CC-137和八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(phytoene desaturase,PDS)基因突变株Nfr-4的生长进行分析;并用反相高效液相色谱分析总有色类胡萝卜素以及叶绿素含量变化,结果表明两者生长的差异明显;Nfr-4突变株的单细胞叶绿素和总有色类胡萝卜素含量高于野生型CC-137的。     

分枝杆菌丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶PknK的功能研究

【目的】丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶K(Serine/Threonine protein kinases K)是分枝杆菌类似真核样的蛋白激酶,预测在分枝杆菌的生长和新陈代谢等生理过程中起着重要的作用,解析PknK的生物功能及作用机制,将为结核病的防治提供一定的理论基础。【方法】通过基因敲除等遗传方法获得结核分枝杆菌疫苗株BCG的pknK敲除菌株△pknK、回补菌株pMV361-pknK/△pknK和过表达菌株pMV261-pknK/BCG;对获得的菌株进行生长曲线测定和抗药性分析;通过pulldown-MS方法及生物信息学方法鉴定了PknK相互作用蛋白。【结果】监测各种分枝杆菌△pknK、pMV361-pknK/△pknK和pMV261-pknK/BCG生长,确定PknK负调控BCG生长;抗药性分析显示PknK降低BCG的耐药性;pulldown-MS方法显示PknK与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶PknA和双组分系统中的反应调节因子MtrA、TrcR、MoxR等蛋白相互作用。【结论】研究发现PknK调控分枝杆菌的生长和耐药性,我们的研究为深入研究PknK在结核分枝杆菌中的功能奠定了基础。     

丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶31(STK31)基因在小鼠脊髓损伤后的差异表达

目的:研究丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶31(STK31)基因与脊髓损伤修复的潜在关联。方法:以半定量RT-PCR方法检测STK31在小鼠脊髓损伤后的差异表达。结果:STK31在脊髓、肾脏、胃、心脏、大脑、脾、胸腺、肺等器官中均有表达且在脊髓中表达明显;在脊髓损伤后4 h及1 d,STK31表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:STK31基因与脊髓损伤及修复有着潜在的关联。     

PEG模拟干旱胁迫下马铃薯茎段转录组分析

该研究以‘青薯9号’马铃薯无菌苗为材料,采用转录组测序技术分析模拟干旱胁迫下马铃薯茎段的差异表达,探究茎段在干旱胁迫下的分子机制。结果表明:(1)不同程度干旱胁迫下,马铃薯叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白含量明显增加;马铃薯茎段差异表达基因下调的数量均多于上调,其中3种处理条件下共有的差异表达基因有657个。(2)GO富集分析表明,马铃薯茎段差异表达基因主要集中在氧化还原过程、激素响应、氧化还原酶活性以及糖基水解酶活性;Pathway富集分析表明,马铃薯茎段差异表达基因主要集中在植物激素信号转导、苯丙酸生物合成、玉米素生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢以及次生代谢产物的生物合成。(3)实时荧光定量PCR验证结果表明,6个差异表达基因在不同程度干旱胁迫中的差异表达与转录组分析的结果基本一致,证明转录组数据的可靠性。该结果对进一步研究马铃薯干旱胁迫响应机制有一定参考价值,也丰富了马铃薯抗旱育种的基因资源。     

意大利蜜蜂丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因和全长转录本鉴定及验证

【目的】利用前期获得的高质量纳米孔长读段测序数据对意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因和全长转录本进行鉴定和分析,为深入开展功能研究提供参考信息和基础。【方法】基于前期获得的高质量意大利蜜蜂纳米孔长读段测序数据,通过Blast工具将意大利蜜蜂全长转录本比对Nr数据库筛选出丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因和全长转录本;利用gffcompare软件将筛选出的丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶全长转录本与西方蜜蜂A.mellifera参考基因组(Amel＿HAv3.1)上注释的转录本进行比较,以鉴定未注释的新基因和新转录本;使用Astalavista软件鉴定丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因的可变剪接(alternative splicing, AS)事件类型,采用IGV浏览器对剪接体的结构进行可视化,通过RT-PCR验证随机选取的6次AS事件的真实性。【结果】共鉴定到意大利蜜蜂丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶71个基因和335条全长转录本,发掘出未注释的1个新基因和97条新转录本;共对14个已注释基因进行了结构优化,分别延伸了6个基因的5′端和8个基因的3′端。共鉴定到意大利...     

Streptomyces coelicolorA3（2）M145中丝／苏氨酸蛋白激酶基因prkC的功能初探

目的对Streptomyces coelicolorA3（2）M145中编码丝／苏氨酸蛋白激酶PrkC的基因SC03848进行功能初探。方法对PrkC蛋白序列进行生物信息学分析,在S．coelicolorA3（2）M145中敲除prkC基因,并进行互补、和过表达实验,对比突变菌株生长、次生代谢物产量、孢子萌发效率等。结果prkC基因在S．coelicolorA3（2）M145孢子萌发、生长、次生代谢等方面均起重要作用。结论prkC是一个多效调节基因,其具体生理功能和作用机制有待深入研究。     

低氧胁迫下唇?及杂交F1代肝脏转录组学分析

为探讨低氧胁迫对唇?Hemibarbus labeo和杂交?基因表达水平的影响,基于Illumina HiSeq高通量测序平台,对低氧条件下唇?和杂交?肝脏组织进行转录组测序并开展生物信息学分析。结果显示,唇?和杂交?分别产生了126 646 494个和130 613 321个clean reads,组装后共获得了48 027个unigenes,分别在NR、SwissProt、GO、COG、KOG、eggNOG4.5、KEGG数据库中获得32 253个注释;低氧胁迫时,分别有3 589个和3 177个差异表达基因（DEGs）上调,4 075个和5 473个下调;GO功能富集分析发现,DEGs与细胞结合、催化活性和代谢进程密切相关,KEGG通路富集分析发现,DEGs富集在一些与代谢和细胞生长增殖、分化、凋亡相关的信号通路中。研究结果为深入开展唇?和杂交?溶解氧胁迫的调控机制和养殖育种提供了参考。     

盐胁迫下盐穗木差异表达基因的转录组信息分析

盐穗木是一种理想的耐盐模式植物,本文利用生物信息学方法分析盐穗木在盐胁迫下差异表达基因的转录组,为盐穗木耐盐机理及耐盐关键基因的储备提供理论依据。基于盐穗木在盐胁迫（600 mM NaCl）下差异表达的转录组数据,以代谢通路中基因表达数量最多的7条通路和与胁迫刺激响应相关的共8条通路为主要研究内容,筛选出上调和下调表达差异显著的unigene,将其与NCBI数据库中所有物种相关基因进行Blastx比对,筛选出通路中上调和下调差异表达最显著的unigene,同时对差异表达活跃的unigene进行分类汇总。共得到23组差异表达活跃的基因类群,分别是乙烯响应因子、WRKY转录因子、Myb转录因子、bZIP转录因子、葡聚糖酶、6-磷酸脱氢酶、醛脱氢酶、柠檬酸合成酶、蛋白激酶等,推测这些类群的基因在盐穗木耐盐机制中发挥重要作用。     

荷兰鸢尾突变株‘紫韵’的花色突变相关机理分析

为了探索荷兰鸢尾蓝紫色花及突变紫色花的显色分子机制及色素沉积差异,该研究以蓝紫色野生型‘展翅’和紫色突变株‘紫韵’为材料,通过花色素苷测定、转录组测序和qRT PCR方法对花色变异进行分析。结果表明：(1) 紫色突变株‘紫韵’花旗瓣中的总花色素苷含量(392.7 μg·g^-1)显著低于野生型‘展翅’(543.5 μg·g^-1);与‘展翅’相比,‘紫韵’有3种花色素苷含量显著下降［矢车菊素 3 芸香糖苷含量由144.42 μg·g^-1降为46.39 μg·g^-1,矮牵牛素 3 (6 鼠李糖基 2 木糖基葡萄糖苷)含量由61.86 μg · g^-1降为31.67 μg · g^-1,矢车菊素 3 (2G 木糖基芸香糖苷)含量由25.22 μg·g^-1降为7.65 μg·g^-1］,但6 羟基矢车菊素 3 葡萄糖苷含量由5.88 μg·g^-1升为10.34 μg·g^-1。(2)RNA seq分析共获得46 530个unigenes,与‘展翅’相比,‘紫韵’有43个基因上调表达,73个基因下调表达; 层次聚类分析发现,花色素苷途径中共有2个差异表达基因——查尔酮合成酶(CHS)基因(IhCHS1)和花青素 3 O葡萄糖转移酶(UFGT)基因(IhUFGT1),且二者均下调表达。(3)qRT PCR分析表明,随着花的发育,IhUFGT1在2个品种中表达量均上升,始花期达到最高,且在‘紫韵’花中的表达明显低于‘展翅’。研究认为,4种花色素苷含量的显著变化,可能是导致花色由野生型‘展翅’蓝紫色向突变株‘紫韵’紫色方向转变的主要原因;IhUFGT1基因在紫色‘紫韵’花中表达量比‘展翅’相对大幅度的降低,致使花色素苷含量相应变化,最终导致花色由蓝紫色转为紫色。     

集胞藻PCC 6803中丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶SpkC对高温胁迫的响应

丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶是蓝藻感知和转导外界刺激的重要元件,但至今蓝藻中很多丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的功能尚属未知。【目的】研究集胞藻PCC6803中的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶Spk C是否参与对高温胁迫的响应。【方法】本研究采用同源重组的方法构建spC基因完全敲除突变株,检测突变株与野生株在高温胁迫下的生长状况、色素组成,并对高温胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数差异进行分析,比较光合系统Ⅱ活性差异。此外,通过测定生长速率来判断高温胁迫后藻株的恢复情况。【结果】经过42℃高温胁迫后,与野生株相比,突变株ΔspkC生长减缓,光合色素(叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和藻胆色素)的含量降低;45℃高温胁迫下突变株ΔspkC的光合系统Ⅱ活性下降幅度更大;经过5 d 42℃高温处理后,突变株生长几乎停滞,存活率较野生株明显降低。【结论】集胞藻PCC 6803中spkC基因的缺失导致突变株对高温胁迫响应出现缺陷,提示丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶SpkC参与响应高温胁迫。     

A mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii altered in the transport of ammonium and methylammonium

Summary A methylammonium-resistant mutant, named hereafter strain 2170 (ma-1), was isolated for the first time from a eukaryotic phototrophic organism. Mutant 2170 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii carries a single mendelian mutation which results in a decreased rate of uptake of both ammonium and methylammonium without being affected either in uptake of nitrate or nitrite or any of the tested enzyme activities related to ammonium assimilation. Mutant cells could not use methylammonium as nitrogen source nor excrete ammonium into the medium but they had derepressed nitrate and nitrite reductases when growing in the presence of ammonium. Mutant 2170 also exhibited a diminished methylammonium transport rate in comparison with the wild-type cells. We conclude that mutant 2170 is affected in a transport system responsible for the entrance of both ammonium and methylammonium into the cells.Abbreviations CHES 2-(N-Cyclohexylamino)ethanesulphonic acid - MOPS 3(N-morpholine)propanesulphonic acid     

Residue Glu-91 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ferredoxin is essential for electron transfer to ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase

The [2Fe-2S] soluble ferredoxin from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was mutated by site directed mutagenesis, using PCR and the expression plasmid pET-Fd as a template. The recombinant mutated proteins were purified to homogeneity and tested in the activation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase, a light dependent reaction in which ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase (FTR) and thioredoxin are involved. The mutation of residue Glu-91 (E92 in spinach, E94 in Anabaena) alone, either to Gln (E91Q) or to Lys (E91K), was found to completely abolish the reaction of the enzyme light activation. On the other hand, the mutants (E92Q) or (E92K) were as efficient as the wild type ferredoxin in this reaction whereas the double mutants (E91Q/E92Q) or (E91K/E92K) had no activity. In addition, a triple mutant (D25A/E28Q/E29Q) was also found to be inactive for this redox dependent light activation. All these mutations had much weaker effects on the ferredoxin/ferredoxin NADP reductase interaction as measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay. These results indicate that there is a recognition site for FTR in the C terminus part of ferredoxin, but also that a core of negatively charged residues in the α1 helix of ferredoxin might be important in the general process of light activation.     

Genes expressed during sexual differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Four genes specifically expressed during gametogenesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii have been cloned and their expression patterns analyzed. mRNAs encoded by these gamete-specific genes (gas) were absent or present only at very low levels in vegetative cells and mature zygotes. In young zygotes 2 h after gamete fusion, the mRNAs of three gas genes still persisted. The gas mRNAs accumulated during gametic differentiation. The temporal patterns of accumulation of individual mRNAs differed; some started to increase early during gametogenesis, others accumulated in the late phase. The accumulation of one of the late mRNAs (gas28) was stricly light-dependent. To illustrate the utility of the genes cloned in the analysis of sexual differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii we show that in a gametogenesis-defective mutant, the expression of late genes is prevented while that of early genes is normal.     

莱茵衣藻E2泛素结合酶CrUBC23调控油脂积累

【目的】为研究莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)泛素结合酶(ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes,E2)CrUBC23在莱茵衣藻油脂代谢中的作用,为高产油微藻基因工程改良和揭示藻类油脂合成及代谢调控机理奠定基础。【方法】qRT-PCR分析莱茵衣藻在低氮、低磷胁迫下泛素结合酶CrUBC23表达情况;克隆CrUBC23同源基因干涉片段和全长基因,构建RNAi干涉载体和过量表达载体,转化莱茵衣藻并检测生物量和油脂含量;构建CrUBC23-GFP融合表达载体,用农杆菌浸染洋葱表皮细胞进行亚细胞定位。【结果】莱茵衣藻在低氮、低磷胁迫下CrUBC23基因表达量显著增加,增加幅度分别为正常培养的4.98–5.80倍和1.85–5.20倍。RNAi干扰结果显示,转基因藻细胞中性脂含量降低5.5%,总脂含量降低3.16%–17.6%。过量表达结果显示,转基因藻细胞中性脂含量增加8.8%,总脂含量增加4.51%–14.03%。【结论】CrUBC23正向调控莱茵衣藻油脂代谢,该基因定位于细胞核。     

Isolation of a cDNA fragment coding for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ferredoxin and expression of the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli

A cDNA clone coding for mature C. reinhardtii ferredoxin has been isolated from a cDNA library using PCR and two oligonucleotide primers based on the N- and C-termini of the protein's amino acid sequence. The nucleotidic sequence of the PCR fragment (299 bp) agreed well with the amino acid sequence since a single conservative substitution (Thr-7 to Ser) could be deduced. The PCR fragment was inserted into the expression vector pTrc 99A, using the incorporated NcoI and BamHI restriction sites and the construction used to transform E. coli (DH5α F′). After subsequent large scale expression and purification of the recombinant protein, biochemical and biophysical analysis have indicated that the product isolated from E. coli is homologous to native ferredoxin isolated from green algae.     

Allele-specific suppression of aSaccharomyces cerevisiae prp20 mutation by overexpression of a nuclear serine/threonine protein kinase

The yeast PRP20 protein is homologous to the RCC1 protein of higher eukaryotes and is required for mRNA export and maintenance of nuclear structure. RCC1/PRP20 act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the nuclear Ras-like Ran/GSP1 proteins. In a search forprp20-10 allele-specific high-copy-number suppressors, theKSP1 locus, encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase was isolated. Ksp1p is a nuclear protein that is not essential for vegetative growth of yeast. Inactivation of the kinase activity by a mutation affecting the catalytic center of the Ksp1p eliminated the suppressing activity. Based on the isolation of a protein kinase as a high-copy-number suppressor, the phosphorylation of Prp20p was examined. In vivo labeling experiments showed that Prp20p is a phosphoprotein; however, deletion of the KSP1 kinase did not affect Prp20p phosphorylation.     

Dynamics of serine/threonine protein kinase activity during the growth of the wild-typeStreptomyces avermitilis strain and its chloramphenicol-resistant mutant

The dynamics of serine/threonine protein kinase activity during the growth of the wild-typeStreptomyces avermitilis strain 964 and its chloramphenicol-resistant (Cml^r) pleiotropic mutant with an enhanced production of avermectins was studied by measuring the transfer of radiolabeled phosphate from [y-³²P]ATP to the serine and threonine residues of proteins in cell-free extracts. In both of the strains studied, radiolabeled phosphate was found to incorporate into polypeptides with molecular masses of 32, 35, 41, 68, 75, 79, 83, and 137 kDa; however, the degree and the dynamics of phosphorylation of particular peptides were different in these strains. The differences revealed could not be accounted for by the interference of ATPases or phosphoprotein phosphatases. The data obtained may be interpreted as evidence that Cml^r mutation activates the protein kinase signalling system ofS.avermitilis cells in the early stationary growth phase and thus enhances the production of avermectins and leads to some other physiological changes in the mutant strain.     

串联抗菌肽Cecropin B基因在莱茵衣藻中的表达及其抗菌活性分析

为了应对各种抗生素在水产养殖业所带来的副作用,我们在本文中尝试利用微藻对一种抗菌肽进行表达的可行性研究．根据莱茵衣藻核基因组偏爱密码子对抗菌肽Cecropin B基因进行改造,并将4个经改造的Cecropin B基因依次串联起来,中间加上莱茵衣藻的自剪切连接肽序列LWMRFA,人工合成总长度为522 bp的串联Cecropin B基因．将串联Cecropin B基因克隆到含hsp70-RBCS2启动子和RBCS2终止子的pH105载体上,再与携带ble筛选基因的表达框架连接,构建重组表达载体pCB124．采用玻璃珠转化法将载体pCB124导入莱茵衣藻cc-849中,筛选得到能表达抗菌肽Cecropin B的转基因衣藻．经过6个月的保持培养后,进一步对转基因藻细胞提取液进行抗菌活性分析,发现转基因藻具有明显的抑制革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌和溶壁微球菌)生长的特征．这一结果为具有抗菌活性的饵料藻的生产和应用提供了新的途径．     

Phosphorylated testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 4 may phosphorylate Crem at Ser-117

We aimed to investigate the internal existence status of testis-specific serine/threonine kinase 4 (Tssk4) and the interaction of Tssk4 and Cre-responsive element modulator (Crem). The internal existence status of Tssk4 in testis of mice was detected using western blotting and dephosphorylation method. The interaction of Tssk4 and Crem was analyzed by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, in vitro co-immunoprecipitation assays, and in vitro kinase assay. The results revealed that Tssk4 existed in testis both in phosphorylation and unphosphorylation status by a temporal manner with the development of testis. Immunofluorescence results showed that Tssk4 had identical distribution pattern with Crem in testis, which was utterly different to the localization of Cre-responsive element binding (Creb). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that phosphorylated Tssk4 might participate in testis genes expressions by phosphorylating Crem at Ser-117.