新农科背景下提升农科学生创新实践能力的实验教学探索

我国现代农业产业的飞速进步对农业人才培养提出了新的要求,适应现代农业发展的人才需要有过硬的理论基础和创新实践能力。实验教学作为大学生创新实践能力培养的重要环节,在新农科人才培养中不可或缺。针对传统实验教学模式的限制,本文基于新农科背景论述了农科学生创新实践能力培养对提升大学生的自主思考能力、应用知识能力、跨学科发展能力以及整体素质的重要性,分析了当前实验教学模式落后及资源欠缺、大学生创新实践能力不足、实验教学体系落后于现代农业产业发展要求等现实存在的困境,进而,以广西大学为例,通过创新实验教学模式,丰富实验教学资源,深化校企协同融合发展,优化实验教学评价体系等改革探索,切实提升农科学生的创新意识和实践能力,培养了一批优秀的新农科人才。本文的研究成果为培养新农科大学生创新实践能力提供参考和借鉴。     

虚拟仿真技术助力下的“医学微生物学”实验课程教学方案设计和实践

近年来,虚拟仿真技术在实验教学中获得了广泛的应用,取得了令人瞩目的成绩。由于学科特点,"医学微生物学"实验课程特别适合通过虚拟仿真技术丰富实验教学内容,从某种意义上说虚拟仿真技术重新构建了"医学微生物学"实验课程的教学体系。本文以"医学微生物学"实验课程教学局限性为着眼点,重点阐述基于虚拟仿真技术在加强生物安全教育、重构教学内容、创新教学手段等方面的有益实践和探索。相较于传统实验教学,该教学方案极大地丰富了教学内容,能够更好地培养学生的综合实验能力和职业责任感,切实提高实验教学质量,有望为虚拟仿真实验建设及基础医学实验教学改革提供借鉴参考。     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题, 从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系, 体现创新教育教学的理念。     

长学制医学微生物学实验教学体系构建

针对目前医学微生物学实验教学中的突出问题,从实验内容和实验教学手段等方面入手,探索建立一整套适用于七年制及长学制学生的实验课程教学体系,体现创新教育教学的理念.     

植物杂交技术在本科教学中的实验设计与应用

植物有性杂交技术是开展植物杂交育种和遗传学实验分析的重要手段。目前,这一基本实验技术在很多高校教学中缺乏相关的实验内容。以双子叶模式植物拟南芥为实验材料,设计适合本科教学的实验课程。该课程从材料准备、操作步骤和F1代杂合植株鉴定详细介绍植物杂交技术。本实验教学设计将为广大农林院校本科生学习、掌握基础实验技能、丰富高校生物学实验课程提供重要参考。     

“细胞膜的渗透性实验”在“细胞生物学”实验教学中的创新实践

细胞生物学实验是高等院校"细胞生物学"课程的重要教学环节。为了适应"细胞生物学"实验教学实际需要和深化实验教学改革,提高学生学习兴趣,培养学生创新意识,该文对细胞膜的渗透性实验进行了优化创新和实践,增加了必要的实验药品和等渗溶液p H值测定等实验内容,并在本校2017和2018年度实验教学中进行了教学实践。该实践获得了明确的实验结果和分析,对学生的教育意义深刻,取得了良好的教学效果,对高等院校"细胞生物学"实验教学改革创新具有参考意义。     

基于成果导向的生物化学实验创新创业教育改革实践

“生物化学实验”是生物化学课程的实验课程,在深化创新创业教育改革背景下,将创新创业教育融入实验课是生物学科实验教学培养具备较强工程实践能力、创新创业能力创新型专业性人才的有效途径。在成果导向教育 (Outcome-based education,OBE) 的理念下,通过创新性项目式教学内容改革,采用项目研究课程实施思路,实施多维度过程化考核体系,加强过程性考核,将“本科教学工程”大学生创新创业训练计划项目理念融入生物化学实验教学,激发学生创新兴趣,引导教师全程参与,学生的工程实践能力、创新创业能力得到全面提升。     

农业植物病理学课程在新农科建设中对培养植物医生的作用

农业植物病理学是高校培养植物医生的核心课程,在新农科建设背景下,该课程面临新的机遇和挑战.本文首先分析了目前该课程理论教学及实验教学的现状及不足,并从理论教学方法、理论教学内容、实践教学内容、课程考核方面等探讨了农业植物病理学对培养植物医生的作用,以期为农业植物病理学教学质量的提升及新型植物医生的培养提供参考.     

以设计课程为导向的风景园林生态实验教学模式探索

介绍了哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院以设计课程为导向的生态实验教学模式,3个主要教学内容包括理论教学、实验教学和设计课程应用。课程的实验内容和实验设计均以设计课程为导向,其实验结果可作为场地量化认知和分析的基础,帮助学生提升生态规划和设计的准确性和真实性,培养学生的生态学基本素养和循证设计的能力。课程的创新点体现在三个方面：1）建构了生态实验课、理论课和设计课三位一体的课程模式;2）将经验知识与循证知识相结合,培养了学生“设计—实验”的循证思维;3）培养了学生多学科交叉的团队合作能力。生态实验教学已经在庭院设计、植物景观设计、生态公园规划、生态公园设计等课程中普遍开展。生态实验课程的教学探索可以增强风景园林学科教育的科学性和研究性,为生态教学课程体系建设和改革提供相应的借鉴。     

微生物学实验创新教学体系的研究与实践*

针对当前微生物学实验教学中的突出问题,拟首次以微生物学实验教学经验为立足点,从实验内容改革、实验教学手段和实验教学管理等方面入手,尝试建立一整套适用于生物技术专业本科生的实验课程创新教学体系。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Scales of spatial patterns of distribution of intertidal invertebrates

Few comparative studies of spatial patterns at different scales have examined several species in the same habitat or the same species over a range of habitats. Therefore, variability in patterns among species or among habitats has seldom been documented. This study quantifies spatial patterns of a suite of intertidal snails and a species of barnacle using a range of statistical techniques. Variability in densities was quantified from the scale of adjacent quadrats (over a distance of centimeters) to tens of kilometers. Significant differences in abundances occurred primarily at two spatial scales. Small-scale differences were found at the scales of centimeters or 1–2 m and, for many species on many shores, these accounted for most of the variability in abundances from place to place. These are likely to be determined by behavioural responses to small-scale patches of microhabitat. Large-scale differences in abundance were also found in most species at the scale of hundreds of meters alongshore. These are likely to be due to variation in recruitment (and/or mortality) because of limited dispersal by adults of these species. There was little or no additional variation among shores, separated by tens of kilometers, than was shown among patches of shore separated by hundreds of meters. Identification of the scale(s) at which significant differences in abundance are found focus attention on the processes (and the scales at which these processes operate) that influence patterns of distribution and abundance. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures are discussed.