硅藻中国新记录种——帕瓦拉桥弯藻

在对湖南省硅藻多样性研究过程中,发现其中一采自湘江的桥弯藻种类具有以下鉴定特征：(1)细胞小,长度小于29μm;(2)壳面略微呈背腹之分;(3)远缝端末梢向壳面背侧弯曲;(4)顶孔区很小,由1～3横列形态不同的两种类型孔纹组成,一种孔纹与壳面上的孔纹相似,呈狭缝隙状,另一种为圆形小孔,其内部开口上方有袋盖状硅质突出物覆盖;(5)壳面背侧中部处线纹密度每10μm为10～12条、腹侧中部处每10μm为11～13条,孔纹密度每10μm为30～40个;(6)在靠近壳面腹侧中央区具有1～2个孤点。经与帕瓦拉桥弯藻(Cymbella pavanaensis A. Vigneshwaran et al.)模式种群相比较,该文确定上述桥弯藻即为帕瓦拉桥弯藻。该文提供了对帕瓦拉桥弯藻超微结构的更多清晰认识,扩大了其地理分布区域,且是该种在中国的首次报道。     

双壳缝硅藻中国2新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种

该研究利用光学和扫描电子显微镜,对采自东洞庭湖国家自然保护区的2种双壳缝硅藻中国新记录种——肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的标本进行了详细形态学研究。观察发现：(1)肿胀类辐节藻具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣轮廓在大的标本中呈披针形,在小的标本中呈椭圆披针形;②线纹在壳面中部呈辐射状排列,彼此间隔相对较宽;③假隔片在壳面两端都存在;④ 孔纹在内壳面被具微孔的膜完全覆盖。(2)英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种也具有4个鉴定特征：①壳瓣线性椭圆形或椭圆形;② 线纹除了在壳面两端呈平行排列外,在壳面大部区域呈辐射状排列,中部线纹密度10～14条/10 μm;③在壳面中央有一个孤点;④孔纹内部开口被由4个支柱支撑的孔板所覆盖,孔纹密度35～40个/10 μm。该研究的详细描述和清晰的插图为肿胀类辐节藻和英格兰盘状藻具孤点变种的准确鉴定提供了参考。     

明晰双肋藻(硅藻门)的超微结构研究北大核心CSCD

在对武陵山区硅藻分类和多样性研究中,收集到了一种双肋藻的标本,经研究鉴定,其为明晰双肋藻[Amphipleura pellucida(Kützing)Kützing]。光学显微镜观察和扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明:明晰双肋藻具有以下特征:(1)纺锤形的壳瓣外形。(2)长而直的中央胸骨。(3)仅着生在靠近壳面两端的短壳缝系统。(4)线纹密度为38~39条/10μm,孔纹密度为54~58个/10μm。(5)壳缝的外近缝端呈直线状,远缝端略微膨大。(6)孔纹内侧开口被圆形筛膜覆盖。该研究结果为明晰双肋藻提供了清晰的超微结构图片资料以及科学的描述。     

硅藻中国一新记录种——泉生平片藻

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对采自湖南省绥宁县巫水水域的硅藻标本进行了观察研究,鉴定出其中一种为硅藻中国新记录种——泉生平片藻［Tabularia fonticola (Hustedt) C.E. Wetzel & D.M. Williams］,该种具有以下鉴别特征：(1) 壳面轮廓为线形披针形,中央胸骨宽,线纹短且宽。(2) 横主肋和纵细肋硅质化增厚。(3) 孔纹开口被数条横向硅质条组成的筛板所遮拦。(4) 每个壳面仅在其一端着生一个唇形突。(5) 壳套顶孔区孔纹有序排列。(6) 第一环带开放。该研究首次报道了泉生平片藻的前正常营养期细胞的超微结构特征,研究结果不仅增加了对泉生平片藻的超微结构认识,而且扩展了其地理分布区域。     

管壳缝类硅藻中国新记录属种——非洲南氏藻

利用光学和电子显微镜对采自黄海水域的1个管壳缝类硅藻——非洲南氏藻进行了形态学研究,并对其地理分布进行了讨论.结果表明:(1)该种壳体带面呈矩形,壳面窄椭圆形,具有钝圆的末端.(2)壳缝居中,由两条等长的分支组成.(3)管壳缝由复杂、接合的肋突支撑,但无龙骨.(4)每条线纹仅有1个孔纹,壳套上最多有1列孔纹.(5)目前...     

一种硅藻中国新记录属种——科氏杜氏藻

科氏杜氏藻是一种泥生或附沙生硅藻。该文对最近刚确立的一个硅藻属——杜氏藻属进行了介绍,利用光学和扫描电子显微镜对2019年4月20日采自东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区的科氏杜氏藻标本进行了观察研究。结果表明该标本具有以下主要形态特征:(1)壳面椭圆披针形。(2)中央区为蝴蝶结形,没有延伸至壳缘。(3)线纹在壳面大部分区域呈辐射状排列,在两端近平行排列,中部线纹密度20~22条/10μm。(4)孔纹圆形或近圆形,在内壳面被圆顶状的孔膜覆盖。(5)在壳面两端存在假隔片。该文调查采集的科氏杜氏藻种群的形态特征与模式种群相吻合,该属在中国是首次报道,为中国新记录属。     

中国硅藻化石新种和新记录种

在对江汉平原钻孔中的化石硅藻进行鉴定时,发现1个新种类：江汉异极藻（新种）Gomphonema jianghanensis sp.nov.,该种的主要特征为：壳面狭披针形或线性披针形,端部和基部圆形,中轴区窄。中心区宽呈横矩形,在紧靠中心区的一侧具1条很短的线纹,另一侧有时有1条很短的线纹,有时没有线纹,无孤点。壳缝呈直线,在中央区附近略弯向一侧,在极节处折向另一侧。线纹轻微放射状,中部略弯曲,在近顶端处没有线纹,在10μm内,中部具6—13条。长20—30μm,宽4—7μm。4个中国新记录属：楔异极藻属Gomphosphenia Lange-Bertalot、楔月藻属（新记录属）Cymbopleura Krammer、优美藻属Delicata Krammer、尖月藻属Encyonopsis Krammer,8个中国新记录种：微小异极藻Gomphonema minutiforme Lange-Bertalot＆Reichardt、较细楔异极藻Gomphosphenia tenerrima（Hustedt）Reichardt、舌状楔异极藻Gomphosphenia lingulatiforme（Hustedt）Lange-Bertalot、瑞克舟形藻Navicula rakowskae Lange-Bertalot、北方羽纹藻岛屿变种Pinnularia borealis var.islandica Lange-Bertalot,舟形盖斯勒藻Geissleria tectissima（Lange-Bertalot）Lange-Bertalot＆Metaeltin、岩生楔月藻小变种Cymbopleura rupicola var.minor Krammer和法国尖月藻Encyonopsis falaisensis（Grunow）Krammer,1个种的补充说明：中华优美藻Delicata sinensis Krammer ＆ Metzetin。     

湖北省异极藻属的新种类

作者在对湖北省的异极藻科植物进行系统分类学研究时,观察到一些新种类,本文报道其中的异极藻属（Gomphonema）2新种。l长阳异极藻新种图1：lGomphonemachangyanglcumsp．nov．壳面棒状披针形,两端钝圆,长33—37pm,宽5—7pm。中轴区多数略宽,几乎与中心区共同形成一个边缘呈波状的披针形区域,其宽度约为壳面的1／3;有时略窄,与中心区界限明显。中心区略膨大成椭圆形,在接近壳缝处有一明显孤点。线纹略短,大部分为放射状,在中部近于平行;在10pm内,中部具11—13条,端部具13—16条。产地长阳县永和坪镇,采于水塘中,水温24℃…     

我国硅藻类的新记录属——微舟藻属及其一新种(英文)

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,<20mm)进行了研究。观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属微舟藻属NanoneisR.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种长微舟藻Nanoneislongtasp.nov.。该属的主要特征是壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布。本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(NanoneishasleaeR.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度。并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布。     

我国硅藻类的新记录属--微舟藻属及其一新种

利用透射电镜对采自东黄海海域典型站位的微型硅藻(nanodiatom,〈20μm)进行了研究.观察到我国微型硅藻类的一个新记录属:微舟藻属Nanoneis R.E.Norris以及该属的一个新种:长微舟藻Nanoneislongta sp.nov..该属的主要特征是:壳面两侧对称,具有不完全壳缝,壳面除中轴区外都有横肋纹或长室孔分布.本文描述该属的两个种,其中海斯微舟藻(Nanoneis hasleae R.E.Norris)为我国的新记录种,长微舟藻为新种,两种之间主要的区别特征是壳面外形、长宽比例以及壳面横肋纹的密度.并较详细地描述了该属种类的分类特征、生态习性和分布.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.