川东红池坝地区红三叶和鸭茅人工草地土壤和植物营养元素含量特征的研究

川东红池坝地区红三叶（Ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉｕｍｐｒａｔｅｎｓｅ）和鸭茅（Ｄａｃｔｙｌｉｓｇｌｏｍｅｒａｔａ）人工草地土壤和植物营养元素的含量特征如下：（１）土壤中的元素含量以铁、钾和镁较高,钠、钙、氮、锰和磷较低,硫、锌、硼、铜和钼微少;（２）从元素的富集特征来看,该区土壤中的钙、硫为重度淋溶元素,钾、磷、镁、锌、钠为中度淋溶元素,铁、铜属轻度淋溶元素,锰属富集元素;（３）根据元素的生物吸收系列,红三叶属氮－钙型植物,鸭茅属氮－钾－磷型植物。（４）两种牧草的生物吸收系数,均以钙、硫、磷较高,钠、铁较低,其余７种元素介于二者之间。     

猫外膝体细胞和视网膜神经节细胞对正弦调制光刺激反应的相位特性

记录了猫外膝体细胞和视交叉纤维对正弦调制光点刺激的反应,作成反应时间直方图(PSTH)。用博里叶分析方法测量不同时间频率下反应的基波相位,作相位-频率特性曲线(PFC)。在暗适应条件下用锥系统的阈下刺激分离出杆系统的反应,这时外膝体细胞的相-频特性为一条负斜率的直线。由斜率所推算的潜伏期平均为81ms。在间视条件下,用 Stiles的二色阈法,分离出锥系统的反应,在这种情况下,相-频特性出现一个十分明显的转折。低频段回归线所对应的潜伏期平均为 107ms,高频段为 39ms。用同样方法分析了神经节细胞(视交叉纤维)的相位-频率特性,结果与外膝体细胞相似,说明与锥系统及杆系统活动有关的时间频率通道在视网膜就已经形成。     

Dormancy in Rice Seed: IV. VARIETAL RESPONSES TO STORAGE AND GERMINATION TEMPERATURES

Serial germination tests were carried out on dormant seeds ofsix rice varieties (four varieties of Oryza sativa L. and twovarieties of O. glaberrima Steud.) stored at several differentconstant temperatures within the range 27° C to 57°C. Probit analyses of the results were carried out to determmethe mean dormancy period for each variety at each temperature.Regression lines fitted to these data showed that there is adirect negative relationship between storage temperature andlog mean dormancy period over the range 27° C to 47°C, thus confirming a previous result obtained on a single variety.At 7° C there were indications of a slight departure fromthis relationship in that the mean dormancy periods at thistemperature were slightly longer than would have been predictedby extrapolation of the regressions calculated from the resultsobtained at lower temperatures. In all cases where the resultswere unambiguous (i.e. in all the sativa varieties and one ofthe glaberrima varieties) a constant Q₁₀ of 3.13 was shown forthe rate of loss of dormancy over the range of storage temperaturesfrom 27° C to 47° C. In the remaining glaberrima variety,where the results were less reliable, a Q₁₀ of 2.54 was found. Germination tests on all varieties were carried out at 32°C, but in the case of one sativa variety germination tests forall storage treatments were also duplicated at 27° C. Thisinvestigation showed that, in contrast to the effect of storagetemperature, the higher temperature during the germination testconsistently resulted in a lower percentage germination. Inaddition the results demonstrated that there is no interactionbetween storage temperature and germination temperature: consequentlythe storage-temperature coefficient has the same value irrespectiveof germination temperature. Some theoretical implications ofthe results are discussed.     

猫外膝体神经元对正弦调制光刺激反应的线性和非线性特性

用不同频率正弦波调制发光二极管亮度,刺激猫外膝体细胞的感受野中心。用Apple-Ⅱplus 计算机将细胞放电频率的瞬时变化作成反应直方图(PSTH)。通过傅里叶变换,计算平均放电率、基波幅度和高次谐波幅度的变化,定量地研究了细胞反应的线性和非线性性质。 1.在恒定的平均亮度下,持续细胞的反应具有较好的线性特征,表现在PSTH可以重现正弦光刺激的频率和波形;与此相反,瞬变细胞的反应显示明显的非线性性质,PSTH出现半波整流波形,反应上升相交陡而下降相较平缓。 2.两类细胞对正弦刺激的反应具有不同的谐波成分:典型持续细胞的反应中主要包含基波成分,高次谐波的幅度接近噪声水平;但是,瞬变细胞的谐波可以延续到8次之多,二次和三次谐波的幅度可高达基波幅度的50％。 3.逐渐增加调制光刺激的平均亮度,持续细胞反应中二次谐波幅度始终保持在很低的水平上,而瞬变细胞的谐波幅度则随着增大。 4.增加光刺激的调制深度,持续细胞的反应特点是:(1)平均放电率保持不变或略有增加,(2)二次谐波增长很慢,(3)基频相位基本保持不变。与此相反,瞬变细胞的平均放电率和二次谐波幅度都随调制深度增加而明显地增大,并且基波相位也可见到较明显的前移。 以上结果表明,持续细胞与瞬变细胞在时间域方面也具有线性和非线性的差别。