Campylobacter,salmonella and chlamydia in free-living birds of Croatia

Campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis and avian chlamydiosis are zoonotic diseases in which birds have been suggested to play an important role as reservoirs. We have investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella spp. and Chlamydophila sp. in 107 free-living birds belonging to 25 species from 13 families from Croatia in order to examine the natural infections caused by these agents. Campylobacter jejuni-like organisms were isolated from 2 of 107 free-living bird species examined (1.9%). Salmonella was isolated from 8 fresh fecal specimens from free-living bird species (7.4%). These isolates were identified as S. typhimurium in 4 (3.7%), and S. enteriditis in 4 (3.7%) free-living birds. These samples originated from feral pigeons (Columba livia domesticus; n=14; 28.6%), rook (Corvus frugilegus; n=13; 15.4%), buzzard (Buteo buteo; n=12; 16.7%), black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus; n=8; 12.5%) and tawny owl (Strix aluco; n=8; 12.5%). The presence of Chlamydophila sp. was not detected in the free-living birds examined during this study. Epidemiological aspects and possible significance of the examined birds as a source of infections for domestic animals and humans are discussed.     

Lepidapedon spp. (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from deep-sea gadiform fishes of the NW Atlantic Ocean,including four new species

Five species are described from fishes in deep waters of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean: Lepidapedon gaevskayae n. sp. from Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus; L. merretti n. sp. from Phycis chesteri; L. zubchenkoi n. sp. from Coryphaenoides (Chalinura) leptolepis; L. beveridgei n. sp. from C. (N.) armatus; and Lepidapedon sp. innom. from Antimora rostrata. The genus Lepidapedon is discussed and divided into groups of species distinguished by the vitelline distribution and the extent of excretory vesicle. The new species are placed in their appropriate groups and differentiated from the other species in the group.     

Prevalence of Sarcocystis in Grackles in Maryland

SYNOPSIS. One hundred and fifty-nine grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) in Maryland were examined grossly and microscopically for Sarcocystis sp. Of 98 mature birds, 91 had Sarcocystis. None of 51 juvenile birds and none of 10 birds hatched in the laboratory had Sarcocystis. More mature females had Sarcocystis than did mature males. However, the number of intramuscular cysts (per bird) was greater in male grackles than in females. Both male and female grackles had more infections in the leg and thigh muscles than in breast muscles. No tongue or heart muscles contained Sarcocystis. No seasonal fluctuation in the number of infected birds was apparent.     

Rhagada revisited: on the taxonomy of species from the Kimberley and Dampierland,Western Australia (Pulmonata,Camaenidae)

The genus Rhagada is the second most diverse camaenid genus in Australia. We examined anatomical and mitochondrial characters of previously unidentified material from the Kimberley that was earmarked to potentially represent new species in recently published molecular phylogenetic studies. Our comparisons revealed that specimens from Gibbings Island (‘R. sp. Gibbings’) were morphologically and genetically most similar to Rhagada cygna from the Dampier Peninsula. Hence, ‘R. sp. Gibbings’ is considered to be identical to R. cygna. In addition, we found that R. cygna as so delimited is not clearly distinguished from the second species on the Dampier Peninsula, Rhagada bulgana. Both species differ rather subtly in anatomical and mitochondrial characters, indicating their close relationships and potentially incomplete evolutionary differentiation. Furthermore, we describe two new species based on comparative morphology and mitochondrial sequences: Rhagada worora n. sp. from the Prince Regent Reserve in the Kimberley and Rhagada karajarri n. sp. from Dampierland. The present study confirms that species in Rhagada are best identified by means of both morphological and molecular data.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:556E1866-6F9E-4CC0-8ACF-CD56E929501F     

Chauhanellus Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1969 (Monogenea) from ariid fishes (Siluriformes) of Peninsular Malaysia

Twelve new species of Chauhanellus Bychowsky & Nagibina, 1969 have been found on six species of ariid from Peninsular Malaysia: Chauhanellus trifidus n. sp., C. digitalis n. sp., C. malayanus n. sp., C. forcipis n. sp. and C. intermedius n. sp. from Arius sagor; C. aspinous n. sp. from Arius venosus; C. caelatus n. sp. from Arius caelatus; C. auriculatum n. sp., C. poculus n. sp. and C. pulutanus n. sp. from Arius maculatus; C. duriensis n. sp. from Arius thalassinus; and C. osteogeneiosi n. sp. from Osteogeneiosus militaris. Some of these Chauhanellus species possess characteristics that are not commonly observed in the genus. C. aspinous n. sp., C. intermedius n. sp. and C. digitalis n. sp. exhibit features found in both Chauhanellus and Hamatopeduncularia: these include absence of spines on the mainpart of the dorsal anchors in C. aspinous n. sp. and C. intermedius n. sp. and presence of haptoral digitation in C. digitalis n. sp. Other features are the five transverse rows of peduncular spines in C. duriensis n. sp., ear-like projections on the anchors in C. auriculatum n. sp., and thin sclerotised plates that partly envelope the ventral anchors in C. forcipis n. sp. Mid-dorsal appendices occur on the dorsal bars of seven of the present species.     

Species of Calydiscoides Young,l969 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae Bychowsky, 1957: Lamellodiscinae Oliver, 1969) from nemipterid fishes off Peninsular Malaysia

Four new species of Calydiscoides Young, 1969 are described from three species of nemipterids caught off Kemaman, Terengganu, on the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia: C. monogrammae n. sp. from Scolopsis monogramma; C. conus n. sp. from S. magaritifer; C. scolopsidis n. sp. from S. margaritifer and S. monogramma; and C. kemamanensis n. sp. from Pentapodus setosus. The present investigation reveals that the squamodiscs (lamellodiscs) are composed of 10-12 short, complete, interlocking and concentric tubular lamellae. The innermost lamella is attached to a pair of adductor muscles.     

Helminth parasite diversity discloses age and sex differences in the foraging behaviour of southern lapwings (Vanellus chilensis)

Parasites with heteroxen cycles are important sources of information on the trophic relations of hosts. This is particularly instructive for species whose age‐based or sex‐based differences are hardly detected by behavioural observations. Here, we describe the helminth community of the omnivorous southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) and evaluate whether it is affected by the host's sex, age and body size. The species is sexually monomorphic in body length, but males are slightly heavier than females. We analysed 112 individuals collected in Curitiba, Brazil, in March 2010. All hosts were parasitized. The helminth community was composed of 10 species (the digeneans Leucochloridium parcum and Athesmia sp., the cestode Infula macrophallus, the acantocephalans Plagiorhynchus sp., Centrorhynchus sp., Mediorhynchus sp., and an unidentified Gigantorhynchida, and the nematodes Heterakis psophiae, Dispharynx nasuta and an unidentified Capillariidae), seven of which were novel reports for this host species. Prevalence ranged from <1% to 99%. Whereas I. macrophallus was the most prevalent species, D. nasuta showed the highest mean intensity and abundance of infection. The former was found in most hosts as single male–female pairs, suggesting the occurrence of intrasexual competition. The infracommunities of juvenile birds showed a higher parasite species richness than those of adult males and females, suggesting the exploitation of a wider array of prey. However, the three classes harboured seven parasite species. Differences in parasite diversity (lower in juveniles, intermediate in adult males and higher in adult females) reflect the evenness in the distribution of parasite specimens among taxa in each age–sex class and are compatible with differences in their foraging strategy. Finally, we conclude based on the cycles of the heteroxen species that southern lapwings preyed upon molluscs, coleopterans, woodlice and earthworms.     

Adults and larvae of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Skrjabinocerca canutus</Emphasis> n. sp. (Nematoda: Acuariidae) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calidris canutus rufa</Emphasis> (Aves: Scolopacidae) on the southern Southwest Atlantic coast of South America

Adults and larvae of a new species of Skrjabinocerca Shikhobalova, 1930 (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) are described on the basis of light and scanning electron microscope studies. Specimens were recovered from Calidris canutus rufa Wilson (Aves: Scolopacidae) from the Southwest Atlantic coast of Uruguay. Data on the hosts, localities and main features of the four previously described species of the genus are provided. S. canutus n. sp. can be distinguished its congeners by a combination of the following characters: non-recurrent cordons, shorter right spicule and possession of a delicate finger-like projection on the distal end of the left spicule. S. prima Shikhobalova, 1930 has a left spicule which is stilletto-shaped and sharply pointed, S. europaea Wong & Anderson, 1993 has recurrent cordons, S. americana Wong & Anderson, 1993 possesses two delicate digitiform projections on the distal end of its left spicule and S. bennetti Bartlett & Anderson, 1996 has subequal spicules.     

New Species of Eimeria (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Malaysian Squirrels*

SYNOPSIS. In a survey of 520 squirrels of 19 species from Malaysia, 6 new species of Eimeria were found. Three are described from the subfamily Petauristinae: E. kylopetis n. sp. from the red-cheeked flying squirrel Hylopetes spadiceus; E. aeromysis n. sp. from the large black flying squirrel Aeromys tephromelas; E. malayensis n. sp. from the spotted giant flying squirrel Petaurista elegans. Three are described from the subfamily Sciurinae: E. hippuri n. sp. from the horse-tailed squirrel Sundasciurus hippurus; and E. notati and E. pahangi n. spp. from the plantain squirrel Callosciurus notatus.     

Taxonomy of monogeneans of deep sea fishes in southeastern Australia

The following monogeneans from deepwater fish in southeastern Australia are described, based on a survey of 1,563 fish (66 or 67 species, 35 families, 15 orders): Reimericotyle ceratoscopeli from Myctophum phengodes, M. hygomi, Hygophum hygomi and Ceratoscopelus warmingii; Diclidophora tubiformis n. sp. from Coryphaenoides serrulatus and C. subserrulatus; Diclidophora sp. from Lepidorhynchus denticulatus; Polycliphora nezumiae from Coryphaenoides serrulatus; Paracyclocotyla sp. from Lepidion microcephalus; juvenile Paracyclocotyla sp. from Hoplostethus atlanticus; Polyipnicola hygophi from Hygophum hygomi, Notoscopelus resplendens, Electrona risso and Myctophum phengodes; Diclidophoropsis sp. from Nezumia sp.; Eurysorchis manteri from Hyperoglyphe sp.; Heteraxinoides sp. from Synagrops japonicus; Megalocotyle helicoleni from Helicolenis papillosus. The following species are recorded but not described: Allocotylophora polyprionum (Diclidophoroidea), four unidentified species of the Diclidophoroidea from Diastobranchus capensis, both Hoplostethus atlanticus and H. intermedius, Chlorophthalmus sp. and Synagrops japonicus, respectively, one species of the Capsaloidea from Enoplosus armatus, one species of the Capsalidae from Lepidotrigla argus, one species of the Dactylogyrinae from Atypichthys strigatus, and one species of the Ancyrocephalinae from Chlorophthalmus nigripinnis.     

Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Sciurid Rodents (Eutamias,Sciurus, Tamiasciurus spp.) from the Western United States and Northern Mexico with Descriptions of Two New Species1

ABSTRACT. Since May 1979, 190 rodents in the family Sciuridae, representing three genera and nine species, have been collected in the western United States and northern Mexico and examined for coccidia; 71 (37%) had coccidian oocysts in their feces. These included 2 of 12 (17%) Eutamias canipes; 7 of 12 (58%) E. dorsalis; 18 of 50 (36%) E. merriami; 33 of 96 (34%) E. obscurus; 3 of 4 (75%) E. townsendii; 3 of 9 (33%) Sciurus aberti; 1 of 1 S. griseus; 1 of 1 Tamiasciurus hudsonicus mogollonensis; and 3 of 5 (60%) T. mearnsi. The following coccidians were identified from infected rodents: Eimeria cochisensis n. sp. and Eimeria dorsalis n. sp. from E. canipes; E. cochisensis, E. dorsalis, and E. tamiasciuri from E. dorsalis; E. dorsalis and E. tamiasciuri from E. merriami; E. cochisensis, E. dorsalis, E. tamiasciuri, and E. wisconsinensis from E. obscurus; E. cochisensis and E. dorsalis from E. townsendii; E. ontarioensis and E. tamiasciuri from S. aberti; E. tamiasciuri from S. griseus; E. tamiasciuri and E. toddi from T. h. mogollonensis; and E. tamiasciuri from T. mearnsi. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria dorsalis n. sp. were ovoid, 21.9 × 16.8 (17–24 × 14–20) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 11.5 × 6.9 (10–14 × 6–8) μm. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria cochisensis n. sp. were spheroid to subspheroid, 16.7 × 15.3 (15–18 × 14–17) μm, with sporocysts ovoid, 8.4 × 5.6 (6–11 × 4–7) μm. Fifty-five of 71 (77%) infected hosts had oocysts of only one eimerian species in their feces at the time they were examined. One eimerian, E. tamiasciuri, was found in seven of nine host species in three genera. A list is provided of all eimerians (22, including the species described here) that have been described in the literature from Eutamias, Sciurus, and Tamiasciurus spp.     

Blood Parasites of Taiwan Birds*

SYNOPSIS. Blood films were examined from 1477 birds of Taiwan (193 species, 49 families). Haemoproteus Kruse was by far the commonest parasite, with Leucocytozoon Danilewski a not very close second. It is probable that some of the Haemoproteus infections represented new species, and 1 occurring in the Bamboo Partridge (Bambusicola thoracica sonorivox Gould) seemed characteristic enough to justify recognition as such; the name Haemoproteus bambusicolae sp. n. is proposed for this organism. Malaria was found in 77 birds, the greatest number of infections occurring in the Bamboo Partridge. Most of them were caused by Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani & Gomes, a pathogen of chickens, but a number were due to an undetermined species of Plasmodium. The Bamboo Partridge may be a reservoir host of the former. A few other identified species (P. rouxi Sergent & Sergent, P. hexamerium Huff, P. tenue Laveran & Mesnil) were seen, as well as some unidentified ones. Plasmodium tenue was seen in Garrulax canorus taewanus Swinhoe, a babbler: until now it was known only from the Pekin Robin (Leiothrix luteus Scopoli), also a babbler, in which we have found it extremely common. Sixty-four microfilarial infections were identified; they were especially frequent in the Button Quail (Turnix suscitator rostrata Swinhoe).     

Filarioid nematodes (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae) of Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm in southern Ontario,Canada and a consideration of the epizootiology of avian filariasis

Summary Chandlerella chitwoodae Anderson, 1961 (prevalence 65%), Splendidofilaria caperata Hibler, 1964 (21%), Eufilaria longicaudata Hibler, 1964 (15.5%), C. quiscali (von Linstow, 1904) Robinson, 1971 (1.9%), Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi Strom, 1937 (0.4%) and Splendidofilaria wehri (0.3%) were found in crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos Brehm) wintering in southern Ontario, Canada. S. caperata, E. longicaudata, Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi and S. wehri are reported for the first time from this host.Infection with Chandlerella chitwoodae and E. longicaudata produced microfilaraemias and these two common species apparently are maintained in the crow population. Infection with S. caperata was amicrofilaraemic (occult) and this common species cannot, therefore, be maintained in the crow population. C. quiscali, Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi and S. wehri occurred infrequently and must be common parasites of other woodland bird species. The presence of both common and sporadic infections in crows suggests that some avian filarioids parasitize numerous birds sharing a particular habitat. However, some host species are probably more important than others in maintaining infections within an avian community.The hosts of each species in Chandlerella, Splendidofilaria, Cardiofilaria and Eufilaria are listed. Chandlerella flexivaginalis (Jones, 1961) Sultana, 1962 and C. hispanica López-Caballero, 1974 are placed in synonymy with C. chitwoodae. Splendidofilarioides Freitas & Ibáñez, 1968 is made a synonym of Splendidofilaria and the type species becomes Splendidofilaria pachacuteci (Freitas & Ibáñez, 1968) n. comb. S. passerina Koch & Huizinga, 1971 is synonymized with S. algonquinensis (Anderson, 1955) Anderson, 1961. Pseudaproctella andersoni var. major Chabaud, Brygoo & Richard, 1964 and Cardiofilaria chabaudi Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965 are placed in synonymy with C. major Dissanaike & Fernando, 1965. Eufilaria cypseli (Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901) Nelson, 1966 is transferred to Lemdana as L. cypseli (Annett, Dutton & Elliot, 1901) n. comb. E. buckleyi (Desmukh, 1968) n. comb. is designated for Neofilaria buckleyi Desmukh, 1968 (= Eufilaria utae Anderson & Bain, 1976). ac]19800116Addendum: Since this paper went to press the following article has come to our attention: Olsen, O.W. & Braun, C.E. (1976) New species of Splendidofilaria and Chandlerella (Filarioidea: Nematoda), with keys to the species, from the band-tailed pigeon (Columba fasciata fasciata) in the Rocky Mountain region. Great Basin Naturalist, 36, 445–457. In their paper the authors describe the new species Splendidofilaria columbensis, S. hibleri and Chandlerella robinsoni. S. columbensis and S. hibleri are known from males only and their validity requires further study. C. robinsoni will also require further study.     

Prosorhynchine trematodes (Digenea: Bucephalidae) from epinephelines (Perciformes: Serranidae) on the Great Barrier Reef,Australia

Six new species of bucephalid trematodes from the prosorhynchine bucephalid genera Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905 and Neidhartia Nagaty, 1937 are reported from the epinepheline genera Cephalopholis, Cromileptes, Epinephelus and Variola on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Two species of Prosorhynchus and one of Neidhartia are reported from Epinephelus spp., P. jexi n. sp. from E. quoyanus, P. lafii n. sp. from E. fuscoguttatus and N. epinepheli n. sp. from E. maculatus. The other three new species are P. robertsthomsoni n. sp. from Cephalopholis argus, C. cyanostigma and C. miniata, P. conorjonesi n. sp. from Cromileptes altivelis, and P. milleri n. sp. from Variola louti. Extensive examinations of other piscivorous fish species from the Great Barrier Reef have not revealed these six bucephalid species, which appear to be restricted at least to the host genera from which they are reported here.     

Redescriptions of two echinostomes from birds in Paraguay,with comments on Drepanocephalus Dietz, 1909 and Paryphostomum Dietz, 1909 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae)

Two species of echinostomatid trematodes from Paraguayan birds are redescribed: these are Drepanocephalus spathans Dietz, 1909 from Phalacrocorax olivaceus and Paryphostomum segregatum Dietz, 1909 from Coragyps atratus. The genera Drepanocephalus Dietz, 1909 and Paryphostomum Dietz, 1909 are redefined and the species previously assigned to them reviewed. Paryphostomum mexicanum (Lamothe-Argumedo &; Pérez-Ponce de León, 1989) n. comb. and P. parvicephalum (Rietschel &; Werding, 1978) n. comb. are transferred from Drepanocephalus to Paryphostomum. A key to the species of Paryphostomum is presented, and the nominal species of Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809, Nephrostomum Dietz, 1909 and Artyfechinostomum Lane, 1915 previously ascribed to this genus are commented upon. New combinations for species previously attributed to Paryphostomum are: Echinostoma pentalobum (Verma, 1936) n. comb.; E. baiyangdienense (Ku, Pan, Chiu, Li &; Chu, 1973) n. comb.; Nephrostomum dollfusi (Agarwal, 1959) n. comb.; and Artyfechinostomum neotoma (Jain, 1953) n. comb. Species attributed to Paryphostomum which are here considered species inquirendae are: Paryphostomum (Lepustomum) mehrii Jain, 1953 sp. inq.; P. fragosum (Dietz, 1909) sp. inq.; P. horai Baugh, 1950 sp. inq.; P. huaccaci Ibáñez, 1974 sp. inq.; P. agrawali Gupta &; Singh, 1986 sp. inq.; P. siddiqui Gupta &; Singh, 1986 sp. inq.; P. durgensis Sapre, 1969 sp. inq.; and P. globorchum Oshmarin, 1970 sp. inq.     

Neotropical Monogenoidea. 50. Oviparous gyrodactylids from loricariid and pimelodid catfishes in Brazil, with the proposal of Phanerothecioides n. g., Onychogyrodactylus n. g. and Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g. (Polyonchoinea: Gyrodactylidea)

The diagnosis of Phanerothecium Kritsky & Thatcher, 1977 is amended, and Phanerothecioides n. g., Onychogyrodactylus n. g. and Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g., all comprised of oviparous gyrodactylids (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea), are proposed to accommodate 11 of the 15 species (14 new to science) herein described and/or reported from loricariid and pimelodid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in Brazil: Phanerothecium harrisi Kritsky & Boeger, 1991, P. spinatoides n. sp. and P. deiropedeum n. sp. all from Hypostomus spp.; P. spinulatum n. sp. from Hypostomus cf. regani; Phanerothecioides agostinhoi n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Hypostomus spp. and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum; Onychogyrodactylus sudis n. g., n. sp. (type-species) and O. hydaticus n. sp. both from Ancistrus multispinus; Aglaiogyrodactylus forficulatus n. g., n. sp. (type-species) from Kronichthys lacerta; A. pedunculatus n. sp. from Hisonotus sp.; A. guttus n. sp. from Pseudotothyris obtusa; A. salebrosus n. sp., A. conei n. sp. and A. ctenistus n. sp. all from Pareiorhaphis parmula; and A. calamus n. sp. and A. forficuloides n. sp. both from Schizolecis guntheri. Phanerothecioides n. g. is characterised by oviparous forms lacking superficial and deep haptoral bars and pregermarial vitelline follicles, and by having a conspicuous testis in adult specimens, a syncytial prostatic gland, a reduced copulatory sac and vitelline ducts in the form of an inverted ‘U’. Onychogyrodactylus n. g. is differentiated from all other oviparous gyrodactylid genera by its members having a spine-like accessory sclerite enclosed in a separate pouch associated with the terminal male genitalia. Species of Aglaiogyrodactylus n. g. possess H-shaped vitelline ducts and a complex accessory piece and sclerotised or non-sclerotised male copulatory organ enclosed within the copulatory sac.     

New plagioporines (Digenea: Opecoelidae) from deep-sea fishes of the North Atlantic Ocean

Three new species of digenean are described from demersal fishes taken in deep waters of the northwestern and northeastern Atlantic Ocean: Podocotyle schistotesticulata n. sp. from Antimora rostrata; P. harrisae n. sp. from Coryphaenoides (Lionurus) carapinus; and Gaevskajatrema halosauropsi n. sp. from Halosauropsis macrochir. The status of the nominal species of the genus Podocotyle Dujardin, 1845 is presented in annotated summary, along with a tabulation of the distinctive characteristics of recognised species of the genus. Gaevskajatrema Gibson & Bray, 1982 is discussed and its diagnosis amended.     

A well‐preserved ‘charadriiform‐like’ fossil bird from the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark

Abstract: We describe a new, exceptionally well‐preserved fossil bird recovered from marine deposits of the Early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark. Morsoravis sedilis gen. et sp. nov. is known by a single specimen that consists of a three‐dimensional skull, vertebral column, ribs, pelvis, and left hindlimb and associated parts of the right hindlimb. Comparisons based on overall morphology and particularly characters of the skull, vertebrae and pelvis indicate that the new specimen is morphologically similar to charadriiform birds (the shorebirds and relatives). This similarity is also expressed by a phylogenetic analysis of higher neornithine (modern birds) taxa, which supports a close relationship between the new fossil and modern charadriiforms. The morphology of the hindlimbs, in particular, shows that the new fossil corresponds to a new taxon that is distinguishable from modern charadriiform clades. One interesting aspect of its morphology is the presence of hindlimb specializations that are most commonly found among perching birds – these suggest that ecologically the new Danish fossil bird may have differed from the wading habits typical of most charadriiforms.     

Four species of Lepidapedoides Yamaguti, 1970 (Digenea: Lepocreadiidae) from fishes of the southern Great Barrier Reef, with a tabulation of host-parasite data on the group

Four species of the genus Lepidapedoides Yamaguti, 1970 are described from Heron Island, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia. They are: Lepidapedoides angustus n. sp. in Epinephelus fasciatus (type-host), E. cyanopodus, E. merra, E. quoyanus, E. ongus, Cephalopholis miniata and Diploprion bifasciatum; L. dollfusi (Durio & Manter, 1968) n. comb. [originally Neolepidapedon] in Epinephelus cyanopodus; L. ovale (Yamaguti, 1942) n. comb. [originally Pseudocreadium] in Caesio cuning and Pterocaesio marri; and L. parvulus n. sp. in Pterocaesio marri (type-host) and Caesio cuning. Host and distribution information on the species of the genus are tabulated according to morphological group. Mycterobonacinus Nasir & Gomez, 1977 is considered synonymous with Lepidapedoides, and M. magnifus is considered a synonym of L. nicolli.     

Three new species of monogeneans of the family Mazocraeidae from clupeiform fishes in the Swan River Estuary,Western Australia

Three new species of small mazocraeids are described from the Swan River Estuary, Western Australia. The first of these,Pseudanthocotyloides mamaevi n. sp. is found onEngraulis australis; the other two,Neomazocraes rohdei n. sp. andMazocraeoides australis n. sp., onNematalosa vlaminghi. The diagnosis of the genusPseudanthocotyloides is amended and the new species is discussed with reference to a closely related but undescribed form reported to have caused a mass mortality of the Japanese anchovy,E. japonica, in Japanese waters. The species of the above three monogenean genera are listed: six species ofMazocraeoides are regarded as species inquirendae.