大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区在睡眠—觉醒调节中的作用

本实验在３１只清醒自由行动的雄性ＳＤ大鼠进行。结果如下：（１）以侧中脑腹侧被盖区（ＶＴＡ）微量注射３．３ｎｍｏｌ溴亭后第２－３ｈ觉醒时间显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）;６．６ｎｍｏｌ溴隐亭有类似效果;０．６６和１．３３ｎｍｏｌ溴隐亭无明显作用。（２）同样方法ＶＴＡ微量注射２ｎｍｏｌ和４ｎｍｏｌＳＣＨ２３３９０后第２－３ｈ觉醒时间明显减少（分别为Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）,但注射３．４ｎｍｏｌ舒必利则无     

脑腹侧被盖区微量注射溴隐亭对伏隔核DOPAC含量的影响

本工作在戊巴比妥钠麻醉的ＳＤ雄性大鼠上进行。结果表明：左侧腹侧被盖区（ＶＴＡ）微量注射多巴胺（ＤＡ）受体激动剂溴隐亭（２．５μｇ／０．５μｌ,ｎ－５）后,用微分脉冲伏安法（ＤＰＶ）测定同侧伏隔核中多巴胺代射产物—３、４双羟苯乙酸（ＤＯＰＡＣ）,峰值明显增高,注生５０ｍｉｎ达到对照值的１２８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,注后８０ｍｉｎ达到最高峰,为对照值的１４３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）,作用的持续时间约２ｈ,在注后     

腹侧被盖区DA神经元调节睡眠—觉醒机制的探讨

本实验观察了微量注射γ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）和５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）于大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区（ＶＴＡ）对该部位多巴胺神经元活动的调节及其对睡眠觉醒的影响。实验观察到：ＶＴＡ注射ＧＡＢＡ（２５μｇ）和５－ＨＴ（２μｇ）,伏隔核（Ａｃｂ）内多巴胺（ＤＡ）代谢产物－双羟苯乙酸（ＤＯＰＡＣ）分别降低到注射前的６８．２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）和升高到１３６．１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,并相应减少和增加觉醒。双侧Ａｃｂ注射Ｄ     

丹皮酚对心肌细胞自律性和延迟后除极的影响

目的与方法：采用常规玻璃微电极技术研究丹皮酚对离体心肌细胞自律性（ＡＭ）、延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ） 及触发活动（ＴＡ）的影响。结果：１．８×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚灌流组,肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）的阈浓度空白对照组为（１．２８±０．５７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,药后为（１．５６±０．５３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＞０．０５）;用（１．８×１０－ ３） ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚（Ｐａｅ）灌流组,Ａｄｒ 浓度由空白对照组的（１．２２ ±０．６２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到（６．２２±２．１１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＜０．０１）。１．８×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｐａｅ 能明显抑制哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）诱发的ＤＡＤ的幅值,当基本刺激周长为５００,４００,３００ 和２００ ｍｓ 时,其ＤＡＤ幅值从（５．５±２．０）ｍＶ,（７．３±２．１）ｍＶ,（８．０ ±２．４）ｍＶ和（９．２±１．９）ｍＶ减小到（３．０±１．１）ｍＶ、（３．６±１．７）ｍＶ,（４．３±２．０） ｍＶ和（５．９ ±１．６） ｍＶ,Ｐ＜０．０１。当基本刺激周长为２００ ｍｓ时,ＴＡ 数目由５．５±１．０ 降至０．７±０．３（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：丹皮酚能抑制心肌细胞ＡＭ、ＤＡＤ及ＴＡ,具有抗心律失常作用     

头端延髓腹外侧区血管加压素在刺激中脑dPAG区诱发防御性升压反应中的…

雄性Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠,用乌拉坦（７００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和氯醛糖（３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）腹腔麻醉。在双侧头端延髓腹外侧区（ｒＶＬＭ区）每侧微量注射血管加压素（ＡＶＰ）（１０ｐｍｏｌ／０．１μｌ）可引起平均动脉压（ＭＢＰ）升高,心率（ＨＲ）变化不明显,每侧微量注射ＡＶＰ的Ｖ１受体拮抗剂ｄ（ＣＨ２）５［Ｔｙｒ（Ｍｅ）＾２］ＡＶＰ（０．１ｎｍｏｌ／０．１μｌ）后ＭＢＰ和ＨＲ无明显变化。若预先在ｒＶＬ     

中枢注射U－50，488H对肾水钠钾的排出及PVH内TH－IR神经元活性的影啊

本工作用１２％乙醇麻醉的大鼠,观察了下丘脑室旁核（ＰＶＨ）微量注射Ｋ型阿片受体激动剂Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ对大鼠肾水钠钾排出的影响,以及第三脑室注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ对ＰＶＨ中多巴胺神经元活性的影响。结果如下：（１）ＰＶＨ微量注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ（５μｎ／ｕｌ）后２０ｍｉｎ内大鼠尿量开始增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,持续约１００ｍｉｎ,４１—６０ｍｉｎ尿量增加达峰值（Ｐ＜０．００１）。（２）ＰＶＨ预先（１０ｍｉｎ）注射Ｋ型阿片受体阻断剂ＮＢＴ（Ｎｏｒ－ＢｉｎａｌｔｏｒｐｈｉｍｉｎｅＴｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒａｔｅ）（５μｇ／ｐｌ）可以阻断Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ所产生的利尿效应（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）第三脑室注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ（１０μｇ／１０ｕｌ）２０ｍｉｎ后,ＰＶＨ中酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应阳性（Ｔｙｒｏｓｉｎｅｈｙｄｒｏｘｙｌａｓｅ－ｉｍｍｕｎｏｒｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ,ＴＨ－ＩＲ）神经元数量减少,染色强度减弱,于注药后５０ｍｉｎ变化最为显著,１００ｍｉｎ时已恢复正常。上述结果表明：ＰＶＨ微量注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ可作用于Ｋ型阿片受体引起利尿效应;第三脑室微量注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ可抑制ＰＶＨ中ＴＨ－ＩＲ神经元的免疫活性。     

兔室旁核－脊髓径路对血量扩张引起肾交感神经活动抑制的作用

在室旁核（ＰＶＮ）完好或ＰＶＮ注射抗坏血酸的双侧窦主动脉去神经的麻醉兔,血量扩张引起肾交感神经活动（ＲＳＮＡ）抑制均约４８％。然而在红藻氨酸损毁ＰＶＮ后的３—４ｈ和３—４ｄ,这种ＲＳＮＡ抑制分别减弱到－２８．０±４．５％和－２５．７±４．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,同时其抑制时程也显著缩短（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此ＲＳＮＡ抑制也可被脊髓Ｔ１０—Ｔ１２节段蛛网膜下腔注射血管升压素能Ｖ１受体阻断剂而显著地减弱。在血量扩张时对照组与实验组血压均呈小而短暂升高,无显著差别。上述结果表明血量扩张引起的ＲＳＮＡ抑制,部分是通过迷走传入神经触发ＰＶＮ－脊髓径路介导的。     

中枢注射U—50,488H对肾水钠钾的排出及PVH内TH —IR神经元活性的影响

本工作１２％乙醇麻醉的大鼠,观察了下丘脑室旁核（ＰＶＨ）微量注射Ｋ型阿片受体激动剂Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ对大鼠肾水钠钾排出的影响,以及第三脑室注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ对ＰＶＨ中多马上胺神经元活性的影响。结果如下（１）ＰＶＨ微量注射Ｕ－５０,４８８Ｈ（５μｇ／ｌ）后２０ｍｉｎ内大量尿量开始增（Ｐ＜０．０１）,持续约１００ｍｉｎ,,４１－６０ｍｉｎ尿量增加达峰值（Ｐ＜０．００１）。（２）,ＰＶＨ预先（１０ｍ     

6—DMAP对小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂启动及孤雌发育作用

小鼠卵泡卵母细胞体外培养过程中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ可抑制卵母细胞自发的染色持浓缩和生发泡破裂（ＧＶＢＤ）。源自超排的ＭⅡ期卵母细胞则能为６－ＤＭＡＰ所激活。ｈＣＧ注射后１８－１９ｈ的卵母细胞置于２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ６－ＤＭＡＰ的ＣＺＢ溶液中培养０．５ｈ、１ｈ、２ｈ、３ｈ,卵母细胞的激活率分别为２６．１％、７５．２％、７５．８％、７７．３％、卵裂率分别为８８．２％、７３．２％、６７．０％、５８．     

兴奋性氨基酸介导的膜电流可被吗啡阻断

在Ｓｐｒａｙｕｅ－Ｄａｗｉｅｙ大鼠的含有孤束核中央亚核及疑核神经元密集区的脑薄片上,吗啡（３—５ｐｍｏｌ）对疑核细胞内记录到的自发兴奋性突触后电位有抑制作用;向灌流液内注入吗啡可使电刺激孤束核在疑核记录到的兴奋性突触后电位的幅度降低７１．１±６．２％（Ｐ＜Ｏ．００１）,纳洛酮（５０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可翻转这种抑制效应;含有１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ吗啡的灌流液对ＮＭＤＡ（０．５—１ｐｍｏｌ）、乙酰胆碱（３ｐｍｏｌ）及ＱＵｉｓｑｕａｌａｔｅ（０．１—０．５ｐｍｏｌ）引起的细胞膜去极化有不同程度的抑制作用,分别为３８．１±５．７％（Ｐ＜０．００１）,３２．８±５．５％（Ｐ＜０．０１）和２９．６±７．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。这些结果可能是由于吗啡兴奋μ和δ受体后,增加了Ｋ＋电流而降低Ｎａ＋,Ｃａ２＋离子通透性的缘故。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.