Hypolipidimic and antioxidant activities of oleuropein and its hydrolysis derivative-rich extracts from Chemlali olive leaves

Oleuropein-rich extracts from olive leaves and their enzymatic and acid hydrolysates, respectively rich in oleuropein aglycone and hydroxytyrosol, were prepared under optimal conditions. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were examined by a series of models in vitro. In this study the lipid-lowering and the antioxidative activities of oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone and hydroxytyrosol-rich extracts in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet were tested. Wistar rats fed a standard laboratory diet or cholesterol-rich diets for 16 weeks were used. The serum lipid levels, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, as indicator of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of liver antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) were examined. The cholesterol-rich diet induced hyperlipidemia resulting in the elevation of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Administration of polyphenol-rich olive leaf extracts significantly lowered the serum levels of TC, TG and LDL-C and increased the serum level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Furthermore, the content of TBARS in liver, heart, kidneys and aorta decreased significantly after oral administration of polyphenol-rich olive leaf extracts compared with those of rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. In addition, these extracts increased the serum antioxidant potential and the hepatic CAT and SOD activities. These results suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of oleuropein, oleuropein aglycone and hydroxytyrosol-rich extracts might be due to their abilities to lower serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels as well as slowing the lipid peroxidation process and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity.     

三种金花茶提取物降脂作用实验研究

目的:探讨金花茶浓缩液、金花茶乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷提取物以及金花茶水提物对高脂血症小鼠血脂的调节作用。方法:将小鼠按照体重随机分成正常饮食组和高脂饮食组,分别给予正常饲料和高脂饲料喂食,4周后将高脂饮食小鼠按照体重以及血脂水平(TC)随机分成金花茶浓缩液组、金花茶乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷提取物组、金花茶水提物组以及辛伐他丁组。3种金花茶提取物以及辛伐他丁混悬液连续灌胃10周,同时给予高脂饮食。末次给药后禁食不禁水12 h,摘眼球取血,检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及丙二醛(MDA)。结果:与模型组相比,金花茶浓缩液和辛伐他丁能显著降低血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平(P0.01或P0.05),但是对HDL-C无明显调节作用;对血清中的AST、ALT、SOD以及MDA影响不大。金花茶乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷提取物以及水体物对血清中的TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、AST、ALT、SOD及MDA无明显的调节作用。结论:金花茶浓缩液对高脂血症小鼠的血脂具有良好的调节作用。     

参麦注射液对高脂血症大鼠血脂的调节作用

目的：通过观察参麦注射液对高脂血症模型大鼠的血脂水平和一系列相关生化指标的影响,探讨其对高脂血症模型大鼠血脂的调节作用。方法：30只SPF级雄性SD大鼠用基础饲料适应性喂养1周,随机分为3组（n=10）：对照组,模型对照组,参麦注射液组。对照组用基础饲料喂养,模型对照组和参麦注射液组用高脂饲料喂养,每周测定动物体重一次。参麦注射液组每天给予2次参麦注射液10 ml/kg,连续灌胃45 d。之后测定大鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧物酶（GSH-Px）、丙二醛（MDA）、脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）和肝酯酶（HL）活性。结果：模型对照组大鼠体重、血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA水平较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,而HDL-C、SOD、GSH-Px、LPL和HL水平明显降低（P<0.01）。参麦注射液组大鼠体重、血清中TC、TG、LDL-C和MDA水平较模型对照组明显降低（P<0.01）,而HDL-C、SOD、GSH-Px、LPL和HL水平明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：参麦注射液对高脂模型大鼠的血脂具有较明显的调节作用,并具有抗脂质过氧化的作用。     

Physiological study on the influence of some plant oils in rats exposed to a sublethal concentration of diazinon

The present study was aimed to evaluate the influence of olive, sesame and black seed oils on levels of some physiological parameters in male rats exposed to diazinon (DZN). Body weight changes, and levels of serum total protein, albumin, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), atherogenic coefficient (AC), cardiac risk ratio (CRR), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MAD) were selected as physiological parameters. The experimental animals were distributed into nine groups. Rats group exposed to DZN and fed with normal diet resulted in pronounced severe changes including reduced body weight gain rate, significantly increase in levels of serum albumin, glucose, cholesterol, LDL-C, AI, AC, CRR and MDA while levels of HDL-C, GSH and SOD were decreased. In rats treated with DZN, the supplementation of the olive, sesame and black seed oils showed remarkable lowering influences of physiological alterations. Moreover, the present results confirmed that these oils possess antioxidative effects against DZN toxicity. Finally, the present findings suggest that these oils are safe and promising agents for the treatment of physiological disturbances induced by DZN and may be also by other pollutants, and toxic and pathogenic factors.     

山楂总黄酮联合茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠血脂及氧化应激的影响

为了探讨山楂总黄酮联合茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠血脂及氧化应激的影响。将山楂总黄酮联合茶多酚灌胃高脂膳食大鼠5周,取血测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C);并测血清及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(S0D)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px);计算肝指数及进行肝病理组织学观察。结果发现,与模型组相比,山楂总黄酮联合茶多酚组大鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著下降,血清HDL-C水平显著升高,血清及肝组织MDA显著降低,S0D、GSH-Px活力明显升高,肝指数明显降低,肝细胞脂肪化程度明显减轻。表明山楂总黄酮联合茶多酚增强了高脂饮食大鼠的抗氧化水平,调节了脂质紊乱。     

三种啮齿类动物非酒精性脂肪肝形成及机制探讨

目的 分析物种差异对NAFLD模型复制的影响,探讨不同鼠种NAFLD形成及其机制.方法 长爪沙鼠、SD大鼠、ICR小鼠各20只,按种属随机分为对照组及模型组,对照组给予普通饲料,模型组给予高脂饲料.16周后,观察肝脏HE及Mallory三色染色病理变化,计算肝指数,检测血清血脂(CHO、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c)、肝功能(GOP、GPT)及肝组织中抗氧化酶(SOD、GSH-PX、CAT)活性及羟脯氨酸(Hyp)、丙二醛(MDA)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平.结果 与对照组比较,各模型组:沙鼠Hyp、CHO、TG、LDL-c、HDL-c、肝指数、GOP、GPT、MDA、FFA均升高,SOD、GSH-PX、CAT活性降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),肝脏出现纤维化;大鼠CHO、肝指数、GOP、GPT、FFA、SOD活性升高,MDA含量、GSH-PX、CAT活性降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),有局灶性脂肪肝炎;小鼠CHO、LDL-c、HDL-c、肝指数、CAT活性升高,MDA含量降低(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01),肝脏病理正常.结论 三种动物在脂质代谢、肝功能、氧化应激等方面有显著的差异,并形成了不同的NAFLD模型:沙鼠形成伴高TG、CHO血症的肝纤维化模型、大鼠形成伴高CHO血症的局灶性脂肪肝炎模型、小鼠形成高胆固醇血症模型但肝脏未发生明显的病理改变.     

紫檀芪调节Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对非酒精性脂肪肝大鼠氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：研究紫檀芪调节Kelch样ECH关联蛋白1（Keap-1）/核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）信号通路对非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）大鼠氧化应激和细胞凋亡的影响。方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、紫檀芪低剂量组（30 mg/kg）、紫檀芪高剂量组（60 mg/kg）、紫檀芪（60 mg/kg）+N-（4-（2,3-二氢-1-（2''-甲基苯甲酰）-1H-吲哚-5-基）-5-甲基-2-噻唑基）-1,3-苯并二氧唑-5-乙酰胺（ML385）（30 mg/kg）组，每组12只。模型组与药物干预组大鼠以高脂饲料饲养诱导NAFLD模型，对照组大鼠以普通饲料饲养，各组连续喂养12周。以紫檀芪和ML385分组处理14 d后（对照组以等剂量生理盐水处理），检测各组大鼠脂代谢指标[三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）及游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平]、肝指数、肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及谷草转氨酶（AST）]水平、血清白细胞介素（IL）-17、IL-6、IL-10、氧化应激指标[丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）]水平；原位末端标记法（TUNEL）染色检测各组大鼠肝细胞凋亡率；蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠肝组织凋亡相关蛋白及Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1通路相关蛋白表达。结果：与对照组相比，模型组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1及Bax表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。与模型组相比，紫檀芪低、高剂量组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平均升高（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1、Bax表达水平均降低（P＜0.05）；与紫檀芪低剂量组相比，紫檀芪高剂量组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平升高（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Keap-1及Bax表达水平降低（P＜0.05）；与紫檀芪高剂量组相比，紫檀芪+ML385组大鼠血清IL-10、SOD及CAT水平、肝组织Nrf2、HO-1、Bcl-2表达水平降低（P＜0.05），TG、TC及FFA水平、肝指数、ALT及AST水平、血清IL-17、IL-6、MDA水平、肝细胞凋亡率、肝组织Bax表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论：紫檀芪可能通过激活Keap-1/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路，改善NAFLD大鼠脂代谢水平，调节炎症反应及氧化应激，减轻肝组织脂肪变性及细胞凋亡。     

Nasturtium officinale reduces oxidative stress and enhances antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolaemic rats

Nasturtium officinale R. Br. (Brassicaceae) has been used as a home remedy by the people of south eastern (SE) region of Iran as a medicinal plant. This therapeutical application has been attributed to Nasturtium officinale (N. officinale) antioxidant capacity which is mostly tested by means of cell-free assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, the antioxidant effect of N. officinale extract has been investigated in hypercholesterolaemic rats in vivo. The results revealed that the extract has notable scavenging activity against DPPH radicals as well as potent reducing power in FRAP assay. Intragastric administration of N. officinale (500 mg/kg body weight per day) to groups of hypercholesterolaemic rats for 30 days lowered their blood total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by 37, 44 and 48%, respectively. However, the blood high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the same treated rats increased by 16%. To evaluate the mechanism(s) of action, we studied the antioxidative potential of N. officinale extract in terms of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and also the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues. In addition, hepatic tissue malondialdehyde level (MDA, an index of lipid peroxidation) was also determined. Under hypercholesterolaemic condition, hepatic MDA was increased. Moreover, our data indicated GSH depletion along with significant reduction in the activities of CAT and SOD in rats fed high-fat diet rats. On the other hand, significant elevation in the activities of GPx and GR were seen in the same group of rats. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemic rats with N. officinale extract significantly increased the GSH level along with enhanced CAT and SOD activities in liver tissues. Furthermore, N. officinale extract significantly decreased hepatic MDA as well as GPx and GR activities in plant-treated rats. Based on our data, it can be concluded that N. officinale has a high hypolipidaemic activity and this may be attributed to its antioxidative potential.     

Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress

The present study was aimed to explore the effect of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) on tissue lipid peroxidation, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in rats fed a high-fat diet. Thirty male Wistar rats (95-115 g) were divided into 5 groups. They were fed standard pellet diet, high-fat diet (20% coconut oil, 2% cholesterol and 0.125% bile salts), high-fat diet plus black pepper (0.25 g or 0.5 g/kg body weight), high-fat diet plus piperine (0.02 g/kg body weight) for a period of 10 weeks. Significantly elevated levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD) and significantly lowered activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver, heart, kidney, intestine and aorta were observed in rats fed the high fat diet as compared to the control rats. Simultaneous supplementation with black pepper or piperine lowered TBARS and CD levels and maintained SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, and GSH levels to near those of control rats. The data indicate that supplementation with black pepper or the active principle of black pepper, piperine, can reduce high-fat diet induced oxidative stress to the cells.     

脂负荷性饵食对家兔脂代谢的影响

目的探讨建立兔饵食性高脂血症模型的方法,观察高脂饮食对兔体重、死亡率及血脂变化情况。方法取普通级雄性新西兰大耳白兔,其中随机抽取10只作为普通饮食组,喂以普通饮食;其他动物给予高脂饮食,4周后,根据血清TC水平分为高脂饮食敏感组和高脂饮食非敏感组,继续喂养9周,观察三组间兔血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三脂（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）的变化。结果与普通饮食组相比,高脂饮食敏感组在第4～13周时血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,高脂饮食非敏感组在第7～13周时,动物血清TC、HDL-C、LDL-C水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,而高脂饮食非敏感组血清TG水平的改变无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。与高脂饮食敏感组相比,高脂饮食非敏感组家兔血清TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C水平的上升程度均显著低于高脂饮食敏感组动物（P〈0.01）。结论首次发现兔对高脂饮食敏感性存在差异,高脂饮食非敏感组家兔抗病能力、对环境的适应能力和耐受性均高于高脂饮食敏感组兔。与高脂饮食敏感组家兔相比,高脂饮食非敏感组家兔对高脂饮食耐受性强。     

Effect of samh seeds supplementation (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst) on liver enzymes and lipid profiles of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Thirty streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic of Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups. The rat groups received different food (natural diet or high fat content diet) supplemented with 10% or 15% of samh seeds for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymes have been measured in diabetic rats liver. In addition, liver lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TAG), lipid peroxide production malondialdehyde (MDA)) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in have been measured in diabetic rats liver, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were also determined. The samh seeds diet supplemented with cholesterol significantly increase (P < 0.05) the levels of liver peroxide production MDA, TC and TG in diabetic rats comparing to the samh diet not supplemented with the cholesterol. However, the samh seeds significantly decrease (P < 0.05) the level of GSH. These data suggest that the samh seeds diet not supplemented with the cholesterol regulated C and TG metabolism and decrease the lipid peroxidation in the diabetic rats.     

Beneficial effects of alpha linolenic acid rich flaxseed oil on growth performance and hepatic cholesterol metabolism in high fat diet fed rats

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of flaxseed oil (FO), rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3 n-3) on growth parameters and lipid metabolism of rats fed with high fat diet. High fat diet (HFD) resulted in significant alterations in hepatic lipids, increase in body weight gain and negative effect on lipoprotein metabolism. FO supplementation significantly lowered the increase in body weight gain, liver weight, plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratio in HFD fed rats. FO significantly reduced the hepatic and plasma lipid levels indicating its hypolipidemic activity. On the other hand, oral administration of FO exhibited lower plasma lipoprotein profile as compared to HFD rats. Hepatic protection by FO is further substantiated by the normal liver histological findings in HFD fed rats. These data suggest that FO participate in the normal regulation of plasma lipid concentration and cholesterol metabolism in liver. No adverse effect of FO on growth parameters and plasma lipids in rats fed with fat-free diet. The results of the present study demonstrate that FO may be developed as a useful therapy for hyperlipidemia through reducing hepatic lipids, thereby proving its hypolipidemic activity.     

金耳菌丝体多糖对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用研究

本文研究了金耳菌丝体多糖(TMP)对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素敏感性和抗氧化能力的影响。采用烟酰胺,链脲佐菌素和高脂饲料诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,以50和100mg/(kg.d)剂量的TMP连续灌胃48d,监测血糖,测定血清胰岛素、体重、脂代谢及抗氧化系统部分相关指标,并进行口服糖耐量实验。结果显示,TMP可明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙二醛水平,并极显著提高受试模型鼠的胰岛素敏感指数,血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和肝脏过氧化氢酶活性。此外,TMP能显著降低糖耐量实验中糖负荷后120min时糖尿病大鼠的血糖含量。上述结果表明TMP可有效降低实验性2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,纠正脂代谢紊乱,改善胰岛素抵抗,增强抗氧化能力。     

莲心碱对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

本文研究莲心碱对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和抗氧化能力的影响.将32只大鼠随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲料;诱导组饲喂高脂饲料;试验组给予高脂饲料+莲心碱灌胃2.5和5.0 mg·kg-1.测血清中血脂和丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;取肝脏测绝对和相对肝重及MDA含量.结果表明莲心碱可显著降低实验性高脂血症大鼠血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和动脉粥样硬化指数;显著升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、GSH-Px和SOD水平;同时还可显著降低血清和肝脏中MDA的含量;其绝对和相对肝重均低于诱导组.     

富硒大豆多肽对高脂致大鼠脂肪肝和抗氧化功能的影响

目的：探讨富硒大豆多肽改善高脂所致脂肪肝大鼠肝抗氧化功能的影响及机制。方法：将40只Wistar大鼠分成4组（n=10）,分别饲喂标准饲料＋水（NC）、标准饲料＋富硒大豆多肽液（SeN）、高脂饲料＋水（HC）、高脂饲料＋富硒大豆多肽液（SeH）,10周后处死,用苏丹Ⅲ染色肝脏组织切片观察脂肪变性程度,免疫组织化学方法测定肝组织葡萄糖调节蛋白78（GRP78）表达情况,并分析其肝功能、血脂及血清和肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化情况。结果：HC组在血清TC、TG水平、肝脏脂肪化程度、GRP78表达情况都明显高于NC、SeN、SeH组（P〈0.01）。SeH组血清和肝组织中MDA含量较HC组降低（P〈0.01）,GSH-Px、SOD活性升高。NC和SeN两组各项指标之间无明显差异。结论：富硒大豆多肽能有效提高脂肪肝大鼠肝内抗氧化酶活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应,降低肝组织内GRP78表达。     

The effect of dietary menhaden,olive, and coconut oil fed with three levels of vitamin E on plasma and liver lipids and plasma fatty acid composition in rats

The effect of dietary fats with varying degrees of unsaturation in the presence of different concentrations of vitamin E on tissue lipid levels was studied in rats. Rats were fed either menhaden oil, olive oil or coconut oil at 15% levels with either 0.1, 0.3 or 0.6 mg/g of vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol for four weeks. Rat serum and liver were analyzed for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids. In addition, fatty acid composition of serum lipids was also analyzed. Serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol were significantly lower in rats fed menhaden oil than in those fed olive or coconut oil, while the HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in serum of rats fed menhaden and olive oil than in those fed coconut oil. Levels of vitamin E in the diet had only a significant effect on serum cholesterol and liver phospholipids. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant positive relationship between serum triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, and a negative correlation between triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol, and between total and HDL-cholesterol.In the liver, total cholesterol was significantly higher in rats fed coconut oil than in rats fed menhaden oil. Total liver phospholipids were lower in rats fed either coconut oil or olive oil compared to those fed menhaden oil, especially with higher levels of vitamin E intake. Higher levels of vitamin E in the diet appear to increase triacylglycerol and phospholipids in livers of rats fed menhaden oil. In the liver a significant negative correlation was observed between phospholipids and cholesterol. The type and degree of unsaturation (polyunsaturated fatty acids in menhaden oil, monounsaturated fatty acids in olive oil and saturated fatty acids in coconut oil) significantly affected plasma and tissue lipids.     

Saudi date cultivars' seed extracts inhibit developing hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet

This research aim was to assess the impact of the seed extracts of the date cultivars (Qatara, Barhi, and Ruthana) on rat’s liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation triggered by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental design was based on random partitioning into two groups; one that received the standard diet and another that received the HFD diet. The HFD rats were orally administered Lipitor or date seed extracts at 300 or 600 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Accordingly, feeding rats HFD significantly increased body and liver weights, hepatic and serum lipid levels, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver function enzymes, and inflammation markers, and decreased oxidative stress enzymes. Oral administration of Barhi and Ruthana date seed extracts significantly decreased body and liver weights. Serum and liver total cholesterol TC, Triglycerides TGs, and free fatty acids FFAs were also decreased as were AST, ALT, MAD, leptin, and CRP, with a concomitant increase in SOD, GSH, and CAT. Furthermore, similar to Lipitor, oral administration of the extracts reduced inflammation markers such as TNF-α, serum CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and leptin while increasing IL-10 and adiponectin levels. Histological observation revealed that extract administration improved hepatocyte and parenchymal structures and decreased lipid deposition. In conclusion, both Barhi and Ruthana seed extracts showed strong hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects against HFD-induced liver steatosis. And date seeds have other beneficial potential for prevention and treatment of various diseases, which can be studied in the future.     

果醋对高脂小鼠血脂和肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

本文目的在于研究果醋对高脂小鼠血脂和肝脏脂质过氧化的影响。长期饲喂高脂饲料造成小鼠高血脂和肝脏脂质过氧化模型,预防性给予果醋,测定血清中总胆固醇（TC）,甘油三酯（TG）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的含量;测定肝脏中脂质过氧化终产物丙二醛（地A）的含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性。结果证明果醋可以明显降低高脂小鼠血清中TC,LDL含量和肝脏组织中MDA含量,提高肝脏组织SOD活性。     

银灵通胶囊调节实验性高脂饮食大鼠血脂的研究

目的:探究银灵通胶囊对脂质代谢的影响及其机制。方法:建立大鼠高脂模型,用药后检测其血脂、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,检测肝脏组织的高密度脂蛋白受体SR-BI、低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDH)受体CD36蛋白表达的mRNA表达水平,检测血管组织学变化。结果:高脂饮食明显升高大鼠血清中总胆固醇(CH)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和动脉硬化指数(AI值),银灵通胶囊组可降低上述指标,且呈一定的浓度依赖;高脂饮食可增加肝脏中SR-BI及CD36表达,降低LDLR表达,银灵通胶囊引起SR-BI的过度表达,使LDLR表达增加,CD36表达下降。高脂饮食使血清中MDA的含量增加,给予银灵通胶囊后,明显降低血清MDA的含量。结论:银灵通胶囊具有调节脂质代谢,抗动脉粥样硬化(AS)及抗脂质过氧化作用。其机制与银灵通胶囊能引起肝脏中SR-BI的过度表达及LDLR表达增加,降低肝脏中CD36表达和血清MDA含量有关。     

长爪沙鼠高胆固醇血症模型的建立与辛伐他汀的作用

目的探索长爪沙鼠高胆固醇血症模型建立及辛伐他汀的影响。方法在饲喂长爪沙鼠高脂饲料的同时给予不同浓度辛伐他汀抑制胆固醇生物合成,通过观察肝脏颜色,测量体重、肝重、TC、LDL-C及HDL-C等血脂和肝功能指标判断高脂饲料和辛伐他汀对血脂和肝脏功能的影响。结果动物体重、肝重和肝脏指数没有显著变化。高脂饲料能够促进脂肪在肝脏的沉积,但是对AST和ALT等肝脏功能指标影响不显著;辛伐他汀能够有效抑制TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、TBA和GLU的升高,但对其他指标影响不明显。结论高脂饲料能够快速建立长爪沙鼠高胆固醇血症模型;辛伐他汀能够抑制内源性胆固醇的合成从而有效抑制血浆胆固醇（TC）、LDL-C和HDL-C的升高。结果表明,特殊的反馈调节机制导致长爪沙鼠无法在大量摄入胆固醇时终止内源性胆固醇的合成。长爪沙鼠特殊的反馈调节机制可能是易发高胆固醇血症的一个主要原因。