大鼠海马的表达蛋白质组学实验研究

目的：用蛋白质组学方法初步分析大鼠海马蛋白质的表达。方法：提取大鼠海马蛋白质样品后,用双向凝胶电泳对其分离,经考马斯亮蓝染色后,产生大鼠海马蛋白质双向凝胶电泳图谱。从凝胶上切割分离的蛋白质,经胰蛋白酶胶内酶解,通过基质辅助激光解吸／电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF-MS）对酶解后的肽段进行分析。根据肽段质谱数据,经数据库（NCBI）检索,对蛋白质进行鉴定。结果：鉴定了37种具有明确功能的蛋白质,它们分别属于代谢酶、细胞骨架蛋白、热休克蛋白、抗氧化蛋白、信号传导蛋白、蛋白酶体相关蛋白、神经元特异蛋白及神经胶质蛋白。另外,鉴定了3种未知功能蛋白。结论：为建立大鼠海马蛋白质组数据库提供必要的资料,为在大鼠模型上研究神经疾病发病机理奠定基础。     

温和过甲酸氧化辅助酶解结合液质联用技术鉴定大鼠大脑皮层质膜蛋白质

由于膜蛋白质尤其是内在膜蛋白的强疏水性,分析和鉴定质膜蛋白质仍然是以质谱为基础的蛋白质组学的方法中的一个难点.过甲酸氧化是一种应用广泛的打开二硫键的方法,温和的过甲酸试剂能完全的将半胱氨酸转化为半胱磺酸,将甲硫氨酸转化为甲硫氨酸砜,从而使目的蛋白更易溶于水介质.采用蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化得到大鼠大脑皮层质膜,提取的质膜蛋白质经温和过甲酸氧化处理后经胰酶酶解消化得到肽段,利用LC-MS/MS对所得肽段进行质谱分析,采集的原始数据用Mascot软件进行库搜寻鉴定.此方法是研究质膜蛋白质的新方法,温和过甲酸氧化显示出很好的氧化效果却避免其它不利于鉴定的副反应.从大鼠大脑皮层膜提取物共鉴定出220种蛋白质,其中73种为整合膜蛋白,证明对质膜蛋白质直接进行温和过甲酸氧化然后酶解的方法辅助酶解可以有效的鉴定质膜蛋白质.     

蛋白质组研究中肽质量指纹谱鉴定方法的建立及应用

建立了用肽质量指纹谱和数据库检索方法鉴定凝胶电泳分离蛋白南的方法。用标准蛋白质对胶上蛋白５质原位酶切制备肽谱的方法进行了讨论。分析了实际细胞蛋白质样品,获得双向电泳分离的人肺癌细胞蛋白质谱中三个蛋白质点的肽指纹谱。并通过数据７库检索分别鉴定为甘油醛－３－磷酸脱氢酶－２,测在蛋白羟基末端水解同工酶和丙糖磷酸异构酶。     

食源性肥胖大鼠下丘脑差异表达蛋白的蛋白质组学分析

建立食源性肥胖大鼠模型,对正常大鼠和肥胖大鼠下丘脑全蛋白进行双向凝胶电泳,产生下丘脑蛋白双向凝胶电泳图谱.对图谱进行比对分析后,从凝胶上切取差异表达的蛋白点,经胶内酶解,通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS) 对酶解后的肽段进行分析,再经数据库（NCBInr）检索,对蛋白质进行鉴定.研究发现,正常组表达图谱可检测到1　160±15（n=5）个蛋白点,肥胖组表达图谱可检测到1　070±10 （n=5）个蛋白点,与对照组相比,匹配率大于80％.并且成功鉴定了17种差异表达蛋白质,其中有7 种在肥胖组表达上调,10种表达下调.它们分别属于代谢酶、细胞周期调控因子、抗氧化蛋白、信号传导蛋白、蛋白酶体相关蛋白、细胞骨架蛋白以及未知蛋白等. 与正常对照组相比,肥胖组的蛋白质表达存在着较大差异,通过对差异表达蛋白的分析,提示了在肥胖发生的过程中,下丘脑神经中枢经历了一个非常复杂的信号活动和特定改变,为深入认识肥胖的发病机制奠定了基础.     

双向凝胶电泳银染蛋白质点的肽质谱指纹图分析

对双向凝胶电泳后银染显色的蛋白质点经脱色与原位还原和烷基化处理后,用ＴＰＣＫ胰蛋白酶进行酶解,采用带有Ｃ１８反相载体的ＺｉｐＴｉｐ＾ＴＭ吸头进行脱盐处理,再进行ＭＡＬＤＩ－ＴＯＦ肽质谱指纹纹图分析,然后将肽质数据在ＥＭＢＬ数据库中进行搜寻从而对蛋白南点进行鉴定。结果表明用该实验程序可对银染的单一蛋白南点进行快速肽质谱指纹图ｉｐＴｉｐ＾ＴＭ的应用可以明显增加质谱分析的信噪比,提高分析灵敏度。用以上方     

利用TMT标记结合2DLC-MS/MS技术对水牛卵母细胞体外成熟前后差异蛋白质组的分析

本试验利用TMT标记并结合二维高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用的研究策略对水牛卵母细胞成熟前后差异蛋白质组进行分析。试验首先收集水牛成熟前卵母细胞和成熟后卵母细胞,分别提取卵母细胞这两个时期的蛋白质,酶解蛋白后进行TMT标记,其中TMT-126标记成熟后的肽段,TMT-129标记成熟前的肽段,标记后采用强阳离子交换柱对酶解得到的肽段进行分离,接着进行nano LC分离,质谱分析采用在线连接电喷雾串联Orbitrap的方法,最后使用SEQUEST软件进行数据库搜索,采用生物信息学方法对鉴定得到的差异蛋白质进行初步分析。根据定量差异倍数≥2即认为蛋白表达存在差异,鉴定出卵母细胞成熟前高表达的蛋白有18种,成熟后高表达的蛋白有26种。对这些差异蛋白进行生物信息学分析表明,利用TMT标记并结合二维高效液相色谱/串联质谱联用的研究策略可以有效地分离和鉴定水牛卵母细胞成熟前后的蛋白质。本试验发现可能与水牛卵母细胞成熟相关的标志性蛋白:调控细胞凋亡蛋白(BCL2L10)、胎球蛋白(AHSG)、伴侣蛋白(Erp29),这可能为今后研究水牛卵母细胞成熟前后的蛋白质表达变化规律提供了试验依据。     

帕金森病和正常人外周血单个核细胞的蛋白质组差异分析

目的:通过研究帕金森病和正常外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)的蛋白质组差异,初步探讨外周免疫系统与帕金森病的病理联系.方法:用固相pH梯度双向凝胶电泳分离人帕金森病和正常单个核细胞总蛋白质,考马斯亮蓝染色,PDQuest 2-DE软件分析,对部分差异蛋白质点进行基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)测定其胶内酶解后的肽质指纹图谱,用Mascot查询系统查询SWISS-PROT数据库.结果:获得了分辨率和重复性均较好的双向电泳考染图谱,对其中的21个差异蛋白质点分别进行肽质指纹分析,经数据库查询,初步鉴定为一些与蛋白降解、抗氧化应激、信号转导、细胞骨架、细胞周期调控等有关的蛋白质.结论:建立了帕金森病PBMC的双向凝胶电泳图谱,提示帕金森病和正常的PBMC的蛋白质表达具有差异.     

牛血清白蛋白胰蛋白酶酶解产物的色谱-质谱联用分析及其三种数据库搜寻鉴定方法的比较

利用反相高效液相色谱 (RP HPLC)和电喷雾串联质谱 (ESI MS MS)联用技术直接对模式蛋白分子 (牛血清白蛋白 ,BSA)的胰蛋白酶酶解产物进行分离和测定 .获得的一系列BSA酶解片段的一级 (MS)和二级 (MS MS)质谱数据经分析软件处理后 ,分别在不同处理和不同参数条件下 ,用 3种不同的方法通过网上蛋白质数据库进行蛋白质搜寻鉴定 .结果显示 ,3种搜寻法都能正确地鉴定该蛋白质 ,其中以利用MS数据的肽质量指纹谱搜寻法 (PMF法 )较为快捷方便 ,但鉴定结果易受数据处理和数据库搜寻鉴定时参数设置等因素的影响 ;利用未解析MS MS数据 (rawMS MSdata)的搜寻法可在较宽的搜寻参数变化范围内获得明确的鉴定结果 ;而借助从头测序 (denovosequencing)结果的序列搜寻法 (sequencequery)则显示出更高的专一性 ,利用较少酶解片段数据就能得到稳定和明确的鉴定结果 ,搜寻参数变化的影响很小 .就酶解条件、数据处理和搜寻参数设置对蛋白质鉴定结果的影响展开详细的讨论 ,为蛋白质组学研究中的数据处理和库搜寻鉴定积累了可借鉴的资料     

基于质谱和生物信息学分析的小菜蛾蛋白质鉴定

本研究以非模式昆虫小菜蛾Plutella xylostella为材料, 对比2, 3, 4龄幼虫的蛋白质组双向电泳图谱, 得到24个蛋白质差异点, 从中选取了编号为1111的差异表达蛋白质点进行质谱鉴定和生物信息学分析. 采用胶内酶解的多肽进行MALDI-TOF/TOF分析, 获得该点的肽质量指纹图谱（PMF）及串联质谱（MS/MS）图谱。将获得的PMF分别用MASCOT和ProFound等常用软件在NCBInr的Metazoa蛋白质数据库进行搜索, 匹配结果不理想. 进一步用PMF+MS/MS谱图搜索NCBInr的Metazoa蛋白质数据库, 以及小菜蛾EST数据库。 在NCBInr库中匹配结果为拟暗果蝇Drosophila pseudoobscura中的一种假定蛋白GA18218-PA, 而用EST库搜索的结果为家蚕Bombyx mori的ATP合酶的亚基。为验证搜索结果, 将该蛋白质点进行磺基异硫氰酸苯酯（SPITC）化学衍生后de novo测序, 最后确认该点可能为ATP合酶的一个亚基。最后着重讨论了蛋白质的质谱鉴定与生物信息学分析的联合使用, 希望据此选择出最适合于非模式昆虫蛋白质组学鉴定的方法。     

蛋白质的肽质谱指纹图分析方法的优化

肽质谱指纹图分析是一种常用的蛋白质的鉴定方法.为了提高这种方法鉴定蛋白质时序列覆盖率和准确度,以6个标准蛋白质为分析样品,对几种不同的酶解肽段的浓缩、脱盐和点样方法进行了检验和优化.结果发现,将酶解肽段的浓缩体积控制在5μl以下和采用10mmolL柠檬酸铵缓冲液板上脱盐能提高蛋白质鉴定的准确度;在点样的时候,采用先点样品再点基质的方法能明显提高匹配肽段的个数和信噪比.这些优化的样品制备方法明显地提高了MALDITOF质谱肽质谱指纹图分析方法鉴定蛋白质的可靠性.     

Proteomics analysis of cerebral cortex in Wistar rats

To analyze the protein expression pattern of the cerebral cortex in Wistar rats using the proteomics approach, proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and digested with trypsin. Then, we analyzed the peptide section using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and identified the protein by indexing special database (SwissProt) according to the finger printing of the peptide quality. Eighty-four protein spots were identified, includ-ing metabolic enzymes, skeleton proteins, heat shock pro-teins, antioxidant proteins, signaling proteins, proteasome related proteins, neuron and glial specific proteins and serum associated proteins. The result of this study enriches the database of the proteome in the cerebral cortex of rats and lays a foundation for further research of neurological disorders in rat models.     

Proteomics analysis of cerebral cortex in Wistar rats

To analyze the protein expression pattern of the cerebral cortex in Wistar rats using the proteomics approach, proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and digested with trypsin. Then, we analyzed the peptide section using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and identified the protein by indexing special database (SwissProt) according to the finger printing of the peptide quality. Eighty-four protein spots were identified, including metabolic enzymes, skeleton proteins, heat shock proteins, antioxidant proteins, signaling proteins, proteasome related proteins, neuron and glial specific proteins and serum associated proteins. The result of this study enriches the database of the proteome in the cerebral cortex of rats and lays a foundation for further research of neurological disorders in rat models. __________ Translated from Acta Biophysica Sinica, 2007, 23 (1): 151–156 [译自: 生物物理学报]     

Upregulation of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2, spectrin alpha II chain, heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 and tropomodulin 2 after focal cerebral ischemia in rats--a proteomics approach

In recent years, there are an increasing number of proteomics studies that investigated the alterations in the protein expression relevant to human diseases but none for stroke. We, therefore, attempted such a study in a paradigm of focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia by unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Global protein analysis was performed after 24h on the lesioned and sham-control cerebral cortex using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots with more than a 3-fold change in intensity were identified by mass spectrometry. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) caused infarct volume of 18-22% predominantly in the cortex of the lesioned hemisphere. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved about 1500 protein spots of which only 12 were significantly upregulated by 3-46-fold. Three spots were identified to be dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2, also known as collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) or turned on after division, 64 kD protein (TOAD-64)). The spots varied in pI values only and this may reflect different phosphorylation status of the same protein. Two spots were identified as spectrin alpha II chain (rat fragment, also known as alpha-fodrin or non-erythroid alpha chain, SPNA-2); and one spot each for heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 (HSC70-ps1, also known as heat shock protein 8 pseudogene 1), and tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2). The upregulation of protein expression was corroborated by observed upregulation of mRNA expression. The remaining five spots were not identified satisfactorily. As DRP-2, spectrin, and Tmod2 are involved in axonal and neurite growth as well as synaptic plasticity and maturation, the presently observed upregulation of the expression of these proteins may indicate active neuroregeneration and repair at 24h after the induction of cerebral ischemia.     

Upregulation of dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2, spectrin α II chain, heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 and tropomodulin 2 after focal cerebral ischemia in rats—A proteomics approach

In recent years, there are an increasing number of proteomics studies that investigated the alterations in the protein expression relevant to human diseases but none for stroke. We, therefore, attempted such a study in a paradigm of focal cerebral ischemia in rat. Rats were subjected to cerebral ischemia by unilateral occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Global protein analysis was performed after 24 h on the lesioned and sham-control cerebral cortex using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein spots with more than a 3-fold change in intensity were identified by mass spectrometry. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) caused infarct volume of 18–22% predominantly in the cortex of the lesioned hemisphere. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis resolved about 1500 protein spots of which only 12 were significantly upregulated by 3–46-fold. Three spots were identified to be dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP-2, also known as collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) or turned on after division, 64 kD protein (TOAD-64)). The spots varied in pI values only and this may reflect different phosphorylation status of the same protein. Two spots were identified as spectrin α II chain (rat fragment, also known as α-fodrin or non-erythroid α chain, SPNA-2); and one spot each for heat shock cognate protein 70 pseudogene 1 (HSC70-ps1, also known as heat shock protein 8 pseudogene 1), and tropomodulin 2 (Tmod2). The upregulation of protein expression was corroborated by observed upregulation of mRNA expression. The remaining five spots were not identified satisfactorily. As DRP-2, spectrin, and Tmod2 are involved in axonal and neurite growth as well as synaptic plasticity and maturation, the presently observed upregulation of the expression of these proteins may indicate active neuroregeneration and repair at 24 h after the induction of cerebral ischemia.     

正常与脑缺血大鼠的脑皮质蛋白质差异分析鉴定

Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组和模型组,采用改进的线栓法制备模型,在规定的时间点快速断头取脑,分离脑皮质组织,提取蛋白质后双向电泳展示,以ImageMaster 2D Elite v301软件对2_DE图谱进行差异表达分析,目标蛋白点用基质辅助激光解析电离质谱测定肽质量指纹图进行鉴定。线粒体应激70蛋白前体、血小板活化因子乙酰基水解酶Ibβ亚单位、ADP核糖基化因子蛋白3、电压依赖性阴离子选择通道蛋白1、泛素C末端水解酶同工酶L1、突触结合蛋白等11个蛋白在模型6h组表达上调,谷胱甘肽S-转移酶omega 1、 谷胱甘肽S-转移酶P、Cu-Zn超氧化物歧化酶、 ATP合酶D链、G蛋白β亚单位1、微管蛋白β链15、苹果酸脱氢酶等15个蛋白在模型6h组表达上调。胆绿素还原酶B、细胞因子A4前体为模型组新出现点,腺苷酸激酶同工酶1在模型组消失,Thiore doxin peroxidase 1在模型组分为2个点。以双向电泳技术得到分辨率较好的电泳图谱,并初步鉴定脑缺血后差异表达蛋白,为深入研究缺血性脑损伤病理机制奠定了基础。     

Comparative Proteome Analysis of Human Temporal Cortex Lobes by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Identification of Selected Common Proteins

Human brain proteins were isolated from left and right temporal cortex lobes at the age of 73, 23, 84 years and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). 2-DE was carried out with an immobilized pH gradient strip in the first dimension and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second dimension. Over 800 polypeptide spots were resolved with a silver-staining protocol by computerized 2-D gel analsis. Seven of the polypeptide spots were evidently distinguishable between human left and right temporal lobes. Four of the polypeptide spots were larger and three were smaller in human right temporal lobe. One of these three protein spots that have descendent expression in human right temporal lobe was identified as carbonyl reductase (NADPH) 1 by MALDI-TOF MS. Thirty-three common spots were identified by ESI-MS/MALDI-TOF MS/Edman sequencing and a protein database search. These identified proteins include some important enzymes and regulating proteins.     

双向电泳结合质谱分析长双歧杆菌XY01分泌蛋白质图谱

菌体的分泌蛋白质在宿主和菌体的相互作用之间起着重要的作用. 本研究采用双向凝胶电泳的方法建立了长双歧杆菌XY01分泌蛋白质图谱,通过MALDI-TOF/TOF质 谱鉴定和数据库搜索,对鉴定到的分泌蛋白进行了分析. 共检测到21个蛋白质点, 成功鉴定18个蛋白质点,分别代表14个不同的蛋白质,等电点分布在4.5～7.0之间 ,分子质量分布在20 ～65 kD之间;通过COGs分类和功能分析,信号肽和细胞定位及KEGG代谢通路分析. 结果表明,这些蛋白质对菌体细胞壁/膜的形成、生物信号传导和物质代谢等起着重要作用. 研究结果为长双歧杆菌蛋白质组学和基因组学的研究提供了参考.     

大鼠不同发育时期胰腺相关蛋白的差异表达

探讨大鼠胰腺不同发育时期相关蛋白的差异表达,应用显微技术分离了大鼠孕15.5天,孕18.5天胚胎胰腺和新生鼠及成年鼠的胰腺,提取其蛋白质后,用固相pH梯度双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和质谱分析等蛋白质组学方法,得到了4个不同发育时期的蛋白质表达谱.对其中的6个在孕18.5天胚胎胰腺中有高丰度表达,而在成年鼠胰腺中缺失的蛋白质点,4个在成年胰腺中特异表达的蛋白质点, 8个在成年胰腺中表达明显下调的蛋白质点和1个在成年中表达上调的点,进行了肽质量指纹分析和蛋白质鉴定,共获得18个点的肽质量指纹图.经BIOWORK等软件搜索大鼠非冗余蛋白质数据库来鉴定其身份,发现其中7个点为大鼠甲胎蛋白（AFP）、5个点为胰脂酶相关蛋白1前体、1个点为微管蛋白β、2个点为蛋白二硫异构酶、1个为FLN29基因产物的类似物、1个为胰蛋白酶V-A前体、1个为过氧化物氧化还原酶4.其中AFP为特异表达于大鼠胚胎期及新生期胰腺的蛋白质,在孕18.5天的胰腺中表达量最高,在成年胰腺中极低表达.对它们的功能和与胚胎胰腺代谢调节功能完善过程的可能关系进行了初步探讨.     

Differences in the plasma membrane proteins of chronic alcoholic rat brain

Plasma membranes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of control and chronic ethanol-treated rat brains. Analysis of protein composition by SDS-PAGE and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (IEF-SDS-PAGE) revealed significant differences in the membrane protein patterns between control and ethanol-treated rat cerebral cortices, indicating the loss of several proteins in membranes from ethanol-treated rat brains. Plasma membrane-associated protein species are categorized into ethanol-sensitive and -insensitive proteins, based on their response to ethanol. This study reports that ethanol depletes certain intrinsic proteins of membranes that might be responsible for plasma membrane disruption by ethanol.