激素对水稻原生质体培养的影响

建立了籼型水稻 KAGAMA DANGO MOCHI 品种的愈伤组织悬浮细胞系,以此分离原生质体,比较研究了5,6-Cl_2-IAA、IAA、KT 及2,4-D 等几种激素对水稻原生质体培养的影响,发现单单附加5,6-Cl_2-IAA 能诱导形成愈伤组织,而附加 IAA 则未能诱导细胞分裂,表明氯代生长索5,6-Cl_2-IAA 在原生质体培养方面具有较大的应用潜力。此外,单单附加 KT     

5,6-二氯-吲哚乙酸对烟草愈伤组织衰老的延缓作用

5,6-二氯-吲哚乙酸对革新烟草愈伤组织生长有影响。当愈伤组织在MS_0(对照)和MS 2,4-D培养基上培养22d时,生长停滞,细胞已呈空泡状,正常的超微结构完全破坏,细胞器不复存在,愈伤组织明显褐化。但在MS 5,6-Gl_2-IAA培养基上的愈伤组织仍能正常生长,鲜重和干重下降亦明显延缓,细胞含有原生质内含物,各种细胞器的超微结构仍保持正常。此外,后者的SOD同工酶也明显不同于其它培养基上的愈伤组织,暗示5,6-Gl_2-IAA对烟草愈伤组织衰老的延缓作用可能与SOD同工酶的调节作用有关。     

硝酸银对马铃薯叶片组织培养中芽再生的促进作用

硝酸银在马铃薯品种Ｋ４和Ｄｅｓｉｒｅｅ叶片组织培养的愈伤诱导阶段和芽再生阶段中能显著地提高芽再生频率。尤其在愈伤诱导阶段中它可刺激芽的直接形成而不经过愈伤中愈伤诱导和芽再生作用没有硝酸银显著,亦不能促进愈伤诱导阶段的芽直接形成。２,４－Ｄ对愈伤组织形成无明显效果,但可促进愈伤的生长;另外,２,４－Ｄ对芽分化联合会的芽再生具有显著抑制作用,这种抑制作用可被硝酸银所抵消。结果显示在马铃薯叶片组织培养过     

NOS抑制剂对甲醛炎性痛诱导的大鼠痛反应及脊髓神经元凋亡的影响

目的：观察甲醛炎性痛是否可诱导脊髓神经元凋亡以及一氧化氮（NO）对甲醛炎性痛诱导的大鼠痛反应以及脊髓神经元凋亡的影响。方法：采用行为学方法观察大鼠自发痛反应,流式细胞术检测脊髓神经元凋亡率。结果：与正常大鼠比较,甲醛炎性痛可诱导大鼠脊髓神经元凋亡率明显增加,于注射甲醛后3d时最为明显。预先鞘内注射NOS抑制剂L-NAME可剂量依赖性抑制足底注射甲醛诱导的大鼠第一相和第二相痛反应,并可剂量依赖性抑制足底注射甲醛诱导的脊髓神经元凋亡过程;正常大鼠鞘内注射L-Arg也可诱发出伤害性反应和脊髓神经元凋亡。结论：甲醛炎性痛可诱导脊髓神经元发生凋亡,于注射甲醛后3d神经元凋亡最为明显;炎性痛诱导的NO产生增多促进了脊髓伤害性信息传递过程,并在炎性痛诱导的脊髓神经元凋亡过程中发挥促进作用。     

大果良种沙棘愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的研究

大果良种沙棘的幼嫩茎尖,茎段外植体接种在MS,1／2MS附加不同浓度配比的IAA,IBA,BA,NAA培养基上可诱导茎尖及腋芽生长,将诱导产生的无性系芽接种在MS或1／2MS附加BA0．3－0．5mg/L,NAA0．05mg/L的培养基上可形成丛生芽,同时在小叶片和嫩茎上诱导产生愈伤组织,继续培养愈伤组织表面形成大量的绿色突起,进一步分化成不定芽,在相同培养基上,不定芽上可直接产生不定芽,从而形成多达数百个的不定芽族,不定芽长至3cm时切下转至1／2MS附加IAA或IBA 0．2mg/L的培养基上可生根而形成完整 的再生植株。     

小麦赤霉病菌细胞壁提取物(HCW)的生物活性*

从小麦赤霉病菌一禾谷镰孢 Fusarium gramtnearum Schw．强致病力(F15)和弱致病力(H28)菌株的菌丝细胞壁制备获得提取物(HCW),分别在抗病和感病小麦品种上对其生物括性进行了测定。结果表明,HCW可显著提高小麦黄化芽鞘、愈伤组织和穗组织等的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和黄化芽鞘组织的脂氧合酶(LOX)的活力,但不影响小麦黄化芽鞘的生长。强、弱致病力菌株的Hcw的生物活性无明显差异,抗、感病品种对}删的反应也基本一致。禾谷镰孢产生的一种单端孢霉烯族毒素一脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)也具有类似的生物活性。HCW和DON均可抑制病菌的生长,但这种抑制作用又可部分互相抵消。     

硝酸银对马铃薯叶片组织培养中芽再生的促进作用 (英)

硝酸银在马铃薯品种K4和Desiree叶片组织培养的愈伤诱导阶段和芽再生阶段中能显著地提高芽再生频率。尤其在愈伤诱导阶段中它可刺激芽的直接形成而不经过愈伤形成过程。硫代硫酸银对叶片组织培养中愈伤诱导和芽再生作用没有硝酸银显著,亦不能促进愈伤诱导阶段的芽直接形成。2,4－D对愈伤组织形成无明显效果,但可促进愈伤的生长;另外,2,4－D对芽分化阶段的芽再生具有显著抑制作用,这种抑制作用可被硝酸银所抵消。结果显示在马铃薯叶片组织培养过程中具有乙烯的生物合成,通过调节乙烯的合成或作用过程可以改良马铃薯叶片的组织培养效果。     

植物激素对草莓叶片不定芽形成的影响

用试管内生长的草莓幼嫩叶片作外植体,培养在MS基本培养基上附加1.5—2.5毫克/升6—BA和0.1毫克/升NAA,可直接诱导成不定芽,诱导率可达20%。如果不定芽继代培养在同样浓度的培养基上,继而可形成大量的丛生芽。能使叶外植体形成不定芽的植物激素组合而不能使其愈伤组织分化成芽。IAA与6—BA的不同浓度组合对不定芽形成效果不明显。     

PKC激动剂佛波醇酯诱导大鼠伤害性感受并促进脊髓NO产生

目的:观察PKC激动剂PMA诱导大鼠伤害性感受作用及对脊髓NOS表达和NO生成的影响.方法:采用行为学方法观察大鼠痛反应;热甩尾法测定大鼠痛阈变化;采用NADPH-d组织化学法和硝酸还原酶法分别测定大鼠脊髓内NOS表达和NO含量.结果:鞘内注射PMA后,大鼠出现伤害性感受反应及痛阈降低,脊髓后角浅层和中央管周围灰质内NOS阳性细胞数目、阳性细胞胞体及突起的染色深度明显增加,脊髓NO含量亦明显增加.给予PKC选择性抑制剂CH预处理可阻断鞘内注射PMA诱导的上述改变.结论:脊髓神经元内PKC激活可诱导大鼠产生伤害性感受及热痛觉过敏,并可促进NO产生,其对NO产生的促进作用可能是其诱导痛觉过敏产生的机制之一.     

水分胁迫条件下抗旱性不同小麦品种芽鞘生长的动态分析

提要　在３０％ＰＥＧ－６０００室内模拟干旱条件下,对抗旱性不同的４个小麦品种萌发期的胚芽鞘长度进行了测定,用Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程对芽鞘生长进行了模拟。对曲线参数的分析表明,水分胁迫下芽鞘生长的最快速度下降,生长最快的时间提前,最终导致芽鞘长度缩短。抗旱性强的品种生长速度下降小于抗旱性弱的品种,因而前者芽鞘最终长度长于后者。渗透调节能力强是抗旱性强的品种芽鞘较长的重要原因。     

Unequal Distribution of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) is the Main Reason for Phototropism in Maize Coleoptiles

The distribution of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) which is induced by blue light stimulation in maize ( Zea mays L. ) coleoplile was investigated by HPLC analysis. The results showed that: 1. The MBOA content on the irradiated side of the coleoptile was 1.5 fold more than that on the shaded side. 2. There was little change of IAA on both sides of the coleoptile which was treated with phototropic stimulation. 3. The growing coleoptile bent towards the side which was treated with MBOA, 5,6-dimethoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (DMBOA) or 2-chloro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-benzoxazolinone ( C1-DMBOA). The above results indicated that the phototropic bending of the coleoptile was attributed to unequal distribution of MBOA.     

Indole-3-acetic acid and rice coleoptile elongation under anoxia

To investigate the presence of a possible synergistic effect of IAA and anaerobiosis on rice coleoptile elongation, excised coleoptiles grown in aerobic and anaerobic conditions were tested and compared with intact seedling aerial parts for response to exogenous IAA and for levels of endogenous IAA. Excised coleoptiles were fed with³H-IAA to study aerobic and anaerobic IAA metabolism. Our results can be summarized as follows. (1) IAA and anaerobiosis have no synergistic effect on rice coleoptile elongation. (2) This behavior is due not to an inhibition of IAA uptake but probably to a reduced and different IAA metabolism in coleoptile grown in the absence of oxygen. (3) In anaerobic rice coleoptiles, the conversion to inactive conjugate (IAA-Asp) could be adopted as means of detoxification in the case of abnormally high and unutilized IAA levels. (4) The increase in IAA level found in coleoptiles of intact seedlings during anaerobic treatment could be due, as in the roots, to a translocation from the endosperm, in which the hormone is contained in a great quantity.     

多效唑调节水稻植株生长的作用机理

多效唑处理水稻植株后使株高降低和分蘖增加,植株体内的GA类物质和IAA含量相应下降,乙烯释放率显著增加;用外源GA_3和氮肥能逆转多效唑的抑制作用而使株高增加,同时GA类物质含量也明显增加。因此,多效唑不仅调节体内的GA类物质含量,还能通过调节IAA含量和乙烯释放率而影响植物生长。     

Ethylene and the Responses to Light of Rice Seedlings

The growth of rice seedlings (Oryza satira L.) in the presence of ethylene caused a change in the response to light of coleoptile elongation. In plants grown in air without added ethylene coleoptile elongation was promoted by red, far-red and yellow-green light only in very young seedlings; in older plants irradiation inhibited the growth of the coleoptile. The effect of growing plants in the presence of ethylene was to prolong the period during which light promoted coleoptile growth. Elongation of the first internode was inhibited by light whether or not the seedlings were grown in the presence of ethylene. A correlation existed between the growth effect of an irradiation and the initial decay rate of phytochrome which was established by the treatment. Regardless of wave length, light sources whose intensities were adjusted to produce a decay rate of about 10% per hour or less induced a moderate rate of coleoptile elongation which persisted for a relatively long period. Irradiation with red or yellow-green light of higher intensity which produced a higher rate of phytochrome decay induced a higher rate of coleoptile elongation, but growth stopped after several hours. Other observations, however, showed that one cannot establish a general simple correlation between the rate of elongation of rice coleoptiles under light and the status of measurable phytochrome in the plant.     

Opposite effects of fusicoccin and IAA on putrescine synthesis of rice coleop tiles

Changes in polyamine biosynthesis and elongation of etiolated rice coleoptiles ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Taichung Native 1) in response to fusicoccin (FC) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) were investigated. FC stimulated coleoptile elongation at concentrations higher than 1 μ M but caused a decrease in the levels of free putrescine, spermidine and sper-mine, as well as in the activities of arginine decarboxylase (ADC, EC 4.1.1.19) and S -adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC, EC 4.1.1.50). The extent to which FC caused these effects was dependent on its concentration. Treatment with 100 μ M IAA also induced coleoptile elongation and resulted in a decrease in free spermidine/sper-mine and SAMDC activity. However, treatment with IAA resulted in an increase in free putrescine levels and ADC activity. The extent of coleoptile elongation and putrescine accumulation also depended on IAA concentration. α-Difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), an irreversible inhibitor of ADC. but not α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). an irreversible inhibitor of ODC (EC 4.1.1.17), inhibited the LAA-stimulated coleoptile elongation and putrescine accumulation. Addition of putrescine could not reverse the effect of DFMA.     

表油菜素内酯促进小麦胚芽鞘伸长的作用

BR促进小麦胚芽鞘伸长的生理活性大于IAA,但高浓度的促进现象不如IAA明显。BR刺激乙烯生成与浓度相关。BR和IAA混合处理,对芽鞘切段的伸长、乙烯释放和H~+分泌都表现了加成作用。这二种激素在作用时间上有明显的差别,BR作用的滞后期更为清楚。BR有拮抗ABA对小麦胚芽鞘切段伸长的抑制作用。     

Coleoptile removal-induced ethylene production in winter rye seedlings

Coleoptile removal-induced ethylene production was investigated in light-grown winter rye seedlings. Removal of the coleoptile induced 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthesis and ethylene production by primary leaves and caused an inhibition of elongation growth of the leaves. The activity of ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) was associated with the increase in ethylene evolution. Both rise in ethylene and ACC production, as well as EFE activity were inhibited by cycloheximide. Wounding the tissue 40 min after the initial treatment resulted in the second increase in ethylene evolution. Derooting of the seedlings without coleoptile removal did not induce ethylene production. It is suggested that the coleoptile represents a barrier for wound-induced ethylene production from actively growing leaf tissue.     

Shoot regeneration from spinach hypocotyl segments by short term treatment with 5,6-dichloro-indole-3-acetic acid

Factors affecting shoot regeneration from hypocotyl segments of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated. When expiants were cultured on medium containing 10 mg/l IAA for 7 weeks, 3 out of 9 cultivars showed relatively high shoot regeneration response (15 – 35%). The other PGRs tested had no effect on shoot regeneration. However, the transfer of explants from auxin-containing medium to auxin-free medium 20 d after culture induced shoot formation from expiants cultured on media containing each of the auxin sources tested individually. By applying this short term auxin treatment, more than 80% shoot regeneration was obtained on medium containing 5–20 mg/l 5,6-Cl₂-IAA, compared to less than 30% with 10–20 mg/l IAA treatment.Abbreviations BAP 6-benzylaminopurine - NAA 1naphthaleneacetic acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - 2,4D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - 5,6-Cl₂-IAA 5,6dichloro-indole-3-acetic acid - PGR plant growth regulator - A-PGR auxin-like plant growth regulator     

Auxin Balance in the Avena Coleoptile

Coleoptiles of Avena possessed the capacity to degrade infiltrated indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This activity decreased along the length of the coleoptile from apex to base on the bases of fresh weight, dry weight and protein; the apical 1 cm segment degraded more IAA than segments from other parts of the coleoptile. The naturally occurring inhibitor of the IAA oxidase activity increased in concentration up to 20 mm from the coleoptile apex; beyond, it decreased gradually towards the base. The spatial distribution of this inhibitor does not explain the gradient in IAA oxidase activity. Growth in length of the coleoptile and the IAA inactivating capacity of the apical 1 cm segment, increased 5- and 4,4-fold, respectively, between the ages of 70 and 130 h; but auxin secretion into agar platelets by the apical 2 mm of the coleoptile registered only a 2.7-fold increase. Deseeding and derooting the seedlings reduced the subsequent growth, diffusible auxin content and the IAA oxidase activity of the coleoptiles; derooting proved to be more deleterious than deseeding. A parallel reduction was evident in auxin content and IAA degrading activity following these treatments. Application of the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to coleoptiles of derooted seedlings failed to influence their capacity to degrade IAA. Nor was the activity of the aldehyde oxidase, which converts indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) to IAA, affected by such treatment.