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1.
Purpose
The environmental issue is a particular concern for chainsaw oils because these fluids represent a total loss system. The aim of this study is to quantify the environmental impacts of a biobased chainsaw oil made on the farm in Wallonia (a region of Belgium) and to compare it with a model mineral chainsaw oil. With this study, the aim is also to participate in the development of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology applied to the biolubricant sector since LCAs on these products are quite limited and rarely sufficiently detailed.Method
In this LCA, the attributional approach is applied. Seven impact categories are studied. The methods for life cycle impact assessment are IPCC, ReCiPe, CML and USEtox. The functional unit is 1 kg of base oil. Seven sensitivity analyses are performed.Results and discussion
Results indicate that the biobased chainsaw oil made on the farm has a lower impact for the global warming potential, the abiotic depletion potential, the ozone depletion potential and the photochemical oxidation potential. On the contrary, it has larger acidification, aquatic eutrophication and aquatic ecotoxicity potential impacts. Regarding the contribution of the life cycle stages of the biobased chainsaw oil, the agricultural stage causes the highest contribution in all impact categories. For the mineral chainsaw oil, the refining stage is preponderant for all impact categories except for the global warming potential for which the end-of-life stage contributes the most. When taking additives into account, conclusions regarding the comparison between the oils are not reversed. Even if it was necessary to consume more biobased than mineral chainsaw oil, conclusions regarding the comparison of the oils would not be reversed. In the same way, a different allocation procedure for rapeseed oil and rape meal, a different rape seeds yield or different extraction yields in the refining stage of the mineral base oil do not change the results of the comparison. For the biobased chainsaw oil, the substitution of only one active substance in the agricultural stage could result in an important decrease of the freshwater ecotoxicity impact.Conclusions
The biobased chainsaw oil has a lower impact in four out of the seven impact categories and a higher impact in three impact categories. By providing a detailed LCA on a biobased chainsaw oil, this study contributes to the development of LCA applied to biobased lubricants. 相似文献2.
Marzia Traverso Gianfranco Rizzo Matthias Finkbeiner 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(1):104-114
Background, aim, and scope
The building sector is strategically important for achieving sustainability. Therefore, the improvement of energy and environmental performances are relevant targets because precious building materials such as marble have a significant impact on the environment. The aim of this paper is an analysis of a typical Sicilian marble (Perlato di Sicilia) to evaluate its energy and environmental performance. Marble plays an important role in the economy of Italy and has a global market share of 58% in terms of exports. For the main production areas of marble, relevant environmental performance data are missing except for one region (Tuscany—Massa e Carrara province). Perlato di Sicilia, the main marble of Custonaci (Sicily), has never been analyzed previously. 相似文献3.
Jannick H. Schmidt 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(2):183-197
Background, aim and scope
The environmental effect of globalisation has been debated intensively in the last decades. Only few well-documented analyses of global versus local product alternatives exist, whilst recommendations on buying local are vast. At the same time, the European Environmental Agency’s Third Assessment concludes that the resource use within the EU is stabilising at the expense of increased resource use for import of products to the EU. Taking its point of departure in vegetable oils, this article compares rapeseed oil and palm oil as a local and a global alternative for meeting the increasing demand for these products in the EU. By using detailed life cycle assessment (LCA), this study compares the environmental impacts and identifies alternative ways of producing rapeseed oil and palm oil to the EU market in order to reduce environmental impacts. 相似文献4.
Ecotoxicity impact assessment of laundry products: a comparison of USEtox and critical dilution volume approaches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gert Van Hoof Diederik Schowanek Helen Franceschini Ivan Muñoz 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(8):803-818
Purpose
There is an increasing interest in the assessment and comparison of the environmental impacts of consumer products. Schemes such as Grenelle de l’Environnement, currently under development in France, aim to assess and communicate the life cycle impacts of consumer products. Freshwater ecotoxicity is one of the impact categories under consideration. This paper presents the results of a comparison of USEtox and critical dilution volume (CDV) approaches for assessing laundry products. 相似文献5.
Anne Ventura 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(2):148-158
Purpose
The classification step is systematically neglected in the calculation of life cycle impact assessment indicators: for several direct contribution of one pollutant to several impact categories, the distribution between these impact categories is not accounted. The proposed approaches of non-redundant classification are based on the probability that an emitted substance and its chemically degraded forms are involved into several environmental impacts. 相似文献6.
Anneke Wegener Sleeswijk 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(2):106-112
Background, aim and scope
In the context of environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is one of the central issues with respect to modelling and methodological data collection. The thesis described in this paper focusses on the assessment of toxicity-related impacts, and on the collection of normalisation data. A view on the complementary roles of LCA toxicity assessment on the one hand and human and environmental risk assessment (HERA) on the other is presented, and the global, spatially differentiated LCA toxicity assessment model GLOBOX for the assessment of organics and metals is described. Normalisation factors for the year 2000 are calculated on a global as well as on a European level. 相似文献7.
Heinz Stichnothe Frank Schuchardt 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(9):907-915
Background, aim, and scope
Globally, 45 million metric tonnes of palm oil has been produced in 2009. The production of 1 t crude palm oil requires 5 t of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). On average, processing of 1 t FFB in palm oil mills generates 230 kg empty fruit bunches (EFB) and 650 kg palm oil mill effluent (POME) as residues. These residues cause considerable environmental burdens, particularly greenhouse gas emissions. In order to reduce those emissions, four waste management options are compared in the present study using 1,000 kg of FFB as functional unit. 相似文献8.
Regional variations in greenhouse gas emissions of biobased products in the United States—corn-based ethanol and soybean oil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Background, aim, and scope
Regional variations in the environmental impacts of plant biomass production are significant, and the environmental impacts associated with feedstock supply also contribute substantially to the environmental performance of biobased products. Thus, the regional variations in the environmental performance of biobased products are also significant. This study scrutinizes greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with two biobased products (i.e., ethanol and soybean oil) whose feedstocks (i.e., corn and soybean) are produced in different farming locations. 相似文献9.
Almudena Hospido Jennifer Davis Johanna Berlin Ulf Sonesson 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(1):44-52
Background, aim, and scope
Life cycle assessment (LCA) was initially developed to answer questions about the environmental impact of available products and services, implying that the product system under study was possible to investigate in detail; however, if new products or processes are to be evaluated, several complications occur. So, this paper aims to review the methodological issues that need careful attention when LCA is used for evaluating novel products, processes, or production from an environmental standpoint, as well as to draw some recommendations related to the best approach when dealing with them. 相似文献10.
Andrea Raimondi Giorgia Girotti Gian Andrea Blengini Debora Fino 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2012,17(8):987-996
Purpose
While the application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to lubricants can be considered fully operational for general purposes outside the lubricants industry, where Life Cycle Inventories (LCIs) of mineral and synthetic base oils can be used interchangeably and where additives can be excluded, this is not the case for research and development purposes within the industry. Previous LCAs of base oils are not sufficiently detailed and comprehensive for R&D purposes, and there are no LCAs of lube additives and fully formulated lubricants. The aim of this paper is to integrate and expand previous LCAs of base oils and to investigate on the contribution of lube additives to the environmental impacts of a fully formulated lubricant.Materials and methods
This study considers three base oils (mineral, poly-alpha-olefins (PAO) and hydrocracked) and a set of lubricating additives typically used in fully formulated engine oil. The LCA model is based on both industry and literature data.Results and discussion
Trends in the lubricants industry towards more sophisticated base oils correspond to remarkably higher environmental impacts per kilogram of product but lead to reduced impacts per kilometre. The contribution of additives to the life cycle impacts of commercial lube oil was found to be remarkably high for some impact categories (nearly 35?% for global warming).Conclusions
As base oil is concerned, this study made the point on data availability and provided a contribution in order to integrate and expand previous LCAs of mineral base oil and PAO. On the side of additives, the main conclusion is that in modern lubricants, the contribution of additives in terms of environmental impact can be remarkably high and, therefore, they should not be excluded. 相似文献11.
Ian Vázquez-Rowe Diego Iribarren Maria Teresa Moreira Gumersindo Feijoo 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(3):272-283
Background, aim, and scope
The synergistic use of life cycle assessment (LCA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed as a new methodological approach to link environmental and socioeconomic assessments of fisheries. Therefore, the goal is to combine LCA and DEA in order to increase the assessment ability of both tools when applied to these fisheries. Specifically, the joint inclusion of economic aspects and the consideration of currently underrepresented environmental impact categories are tackled. 相似文献12.
Yu Bai Lin Luo Ester van der Voet 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(5):468-477
Background, aim, and scope
The increasing gasoline price, the depletion of fossil resources, and the negative environmental consequences of driving with petroleum fuels have driven the development of alternative transport fuels. Bioethanol, which is converted from cellulosic feedstocks, has attracted increasing attention as one such alternative. This study assesses the environmental impact of using ethanol from switchgrass as transport fuel and compares the results with the ones of gasoline to analyze the potential of developing switchgrass ethanol as an environmentally sustainable transport fuel. 相似文献13.
Åsa Moberg Clara Borggren Göran Finnveden 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(3):238-246
Purpose
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been proposed as a means to facilitate environmental sustainability. Dematerialisation is one potential way of doing this. For books, this could be realized through using e-book readers, which share many of the qualities of printed media and have notably low-energy requirements during use. The main aim of this study was to analyse the environmental impacts of an e-book read on an e-book reader, and to identify key issues determining the magnitude of the impact. A second aim was to compare the e-book product system with a paper book product system using a life cycle perspective. 相似文献14.
Determination of GHG contributions by subsystems in the oil palm supply chain using the LCA approach
Yuen May Choo Halimah Muhamad Zulkifli Hashim Vijaya Subramaniam Chiew Wei Puah YewAi Tan 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(7):669-681
Purpose
With increasing attention on sustainable development, the environmental and social relevance of palm oil production are now important trade issues. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study of Malaysian oil palm products from mineral soils including palm biodiesel was aimed to provide baseline information on the environmental performance of the industry for drawing up policies pertaining to the sustainable production. The share of greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution by the various subsystems in the oil palm supply chain is considered here. 相似文献15.
16.
Cheryl Baldwin Nana Wilberforce Amit Kapur 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(1):40-49
Purpose
There is no clear guidance for responsible food service operations to reduce their environmental footprint, so the efforts put forth by a restaurant may not have the environmental impact intended. As a result, Green Seal conducted life cycle assessment research on restaurants and food service operations to define priorities for environmental improvement. This information was then used to develop a sustainability standard and certification (i.e., ecolabel) program. 相似文献17.
Li Shen Evert Nieuwlaar Ernst Worrell Martin K. Patel 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(6):522-536
Purpose
The demand of PET bottles has increased rapidly in the past decades. The purpose of this study is to understand the environmental impact of PET recycling system, in which used bottles are recycled into both fibre and bottles, and to compare the recycling system with single-use PET. 相似文献18.
Hsien Hui Khoo Reginald B. H. Tan Kevin W. L. Chng 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(3):284-293
Background, aim, and scope
The use of bio-based products as carrier bags, packaging materials, and many other applications has been increasingly replacing conventional polymer products. One of the main driving forces of bio-plastic applications is the perceived depletion and scarcity of fossil fuels, especially petroleum. However, despite being introduced as an environmentally friendly alternative to plastics made from crude oil, the environmental benefits of bio-plastics remain debatable. This article serves to investigate whether or not bio-based materials are environmentally friendlier options compared to plastics and attempts to explain the rationale of the results. 相似文献19.
Life cycle assessment of soil and groundwater remediation technologies: literature review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gitte Lemming Michael Z. Hauschild Poul L. Bjerg 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2010,15(1):115-127
Background, aim, and scope
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is becoming an increasingly widespread tool in support systems for environmental decision-making regarding the cleanup of contaminated sites. In this study, the use of LCA to compare the environmental impacts of different remediation technologies was reviewed. Remediation of a contaminated site reduces a local environmental problem, but at the same time, the remediation activities may cause negative environmental impacts on the local, regional, and global scale. LCA can be used to evaluate the inherent trade-off and to compare remediation scenarios in terms of their associated environmental burden. 相似文献20.