共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Gianpiero Marconi Emidio Albertini Pierluigi Barone Francesca De Marchis Chiara Lico Carla Marusic Domenico Rutili Fabio Veronesi Andrea Porceddu 《BMC biotechnology》2006,6(1):29-9
Background
Classical Swine Fever (CSFV) is one of the most important viral infectious diseases affecting wild boars and domestic pigs. The etiological agent of the disease is the CSF virus, a single stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Flaviviridae. 相似文献2.
Mariana Boadella Tania Carta Álvaro Oleaga Gerardo Pajares Marta Muñoz Christian Gortázar 《BMC veterinary research》2010,6(1):51
Background
The roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild Eurasian cervid. Its populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. This may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared with other wild and domestic ungulates. 相似文献3.
Zhongzan Cao Zongxi Han Yuhao Shao Heyuan Geng Xiangang Kong Shengwang Liu 《Proteome science》2011,9(1):11
Background
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the most serious diseases of economic importance in chickens; it is caused by the avian infectious coronavirus (IBV). Information remains limited about the comparative protein expression profiles of chicken embryonic tissues in response to IBV infection in ovo. In this study, we analyzed the changes of protein expression in trachea and kidney tissues from chicken embryos, following IBV infection in ovo, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS). 相似文献4.
Background
Water plays an important role in the transmission of many infectious diseases, which pose a great burden on global public health. However, the global distribution of these water-associated infectious diseases and underlying factors remain largely unexplored.Methods and Findings
Based on the Global Infectious Disease and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON), a global database including water-associated pathogens and diseases was developed. In this study, reported outbreak events associated with corresponding water-associated infectious diseases from 1991 to 2008 were extracted from the database. The location of each reported outbreak event was identified and geocoded into a GIS database. Also collected in the GIS database included geo-referenced socio-environmental information including population density (2000), annual accumulated temperature, surface water area, and average annual precipitation. Poisson models with Bayesian inference were developed to explore the association between these socio-environmental factors and distribution of the reported outbreak events. Based on model predictions a global relative risk map was generated. A total of 1,428 reported outbreak events were retrieved from the database. The analysis suggested that outbreaks of water-associated diseases are significantly correlated with socio-environmental factors. Population density is a significant risk factor for all categories of reported outbreaks of water-associated diseases; water-related diseases (e.g., vector-borne diseases) are associated with accumulated temperature; water-washed diseases (e.g., conjunctivitis) are inversely related to surface water area; both water-borne and water-related diseases are inversely related to average annual rainfall. Based on the model predictions, “hotspots” of risks for all categories of water-associated diseases were explored.Conclusions
At the global scale, water-associated infectious diseases are significantly correlated with socio-environmental factors, impacting all regions which are affected disproportionately by different categories of water-associated infectious diseases. 相似文献5.
Background
This study aimed at investigating a potential effect caused by coccidia on the immune response to vaccine- and very virulent infectious bursal disase virus (vvIBDV) in SPF chickens. 相似文献6.
Masaharu Motoshita Yuya Ono Stephan Pfister Anne-Marie Boulay Markus Berger Keisuke Nansai Kiyotaka Tahara Norihiro Itsubo Atsushi Inaba 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(12):2276-2287
Purpose
The shortage of agricultural water from freshwater sources is a growing concern because of the relatively large amounts needed to sustain food production for an increasing population. In this context, an impact assessment methodology is indispensable for the identification and assessment of the potential consequences of freshwater consumption in relation to agricultural water scarcity. This paper reports on the consistent development of midpoint and endpoint characterisation factors (CFs) for assessing these impacts.Methods
Midpoint characterisation factors focus specifically on shortages in food production resulting from agricultural water scarcity. These were calculated by incorporating country-specific compensation factors for physical availability of water resources and socio-economic capacity in relation to the irrigation water demand for agriculture. At the endpoint, to reflect the more complex impact pathways from food production losses to malnutrition damage from agricultural water scarcity, international food trade relationships and economic adaptation capacity were integrated in the modelling with measures of nutritional vulnerability for each country.Results and discussion
The inter-country variances of CFs at the midpoint revealed by this study were larger than those derived using previously developed methods, which did not integrate compensation processes by food stocks. At the endpoint level, both national and trade-induced damage through international trade were quantified and visualised. Distribution of malnutrition damage was also determined by production and trade balances for commodity groups in water-consuming countries, as well as dependency on import ratios for importer countries and economic adaptation capacity in each country. By incorporating the complex relationships between these factors, estimated malnutrition damage due to freshwater consumption at the country scale showed good correlation with total reported nutritional deficiency damage.Conclusions
The model allows the establishment of consistent CFs at the midpoint and endpoint for agricultural water scarcity resulting from freshwater consumption. The complex relationships between food production supply and nutrition damage can be described by considering the physical and socio-economic parameters used in this study. Developed CFs contribute to a better assessment of the potential impacts associated with freshwater consumption in global supply chains and to life cycle assessment and water footprint assessments.7.
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects widespread areas of the brainstem, basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. A number of proteins are known to accumulate in parkinsonian brains including ubiquitin and α-synuclein. Prion diseases are sporadic, genetic or infectious disorders with various clinical and histopathological features caused by prion proteins as infectious proteinaceous particles transmitting a misfolded protein configuration through brain tissue. The most important form is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease which is associated with a self-propagating pathological precursor form of the prion protein that is physiologically widely distributed in the central nervous system. 相似文献8.
Aims
An extra‐long‐range quantitative PCR (LR‐qPCR) method was developed for estimating genome damage to adenovirus 2 caused by UV irradiation. The objective was to use LR‐qPCR as a rapid method to determine adenovirus UV inactivation.Methods
The LR‐qPCR consisted of two steps: a long‐range PCR (up to 10 kb fragment) and a real‐time, quantitative (q) PCR for quantifying the products of the first PCR. We evaluated LR‐qPCR with adenovirus irradiated with medium‐pressure (MP, polychromatic emission) and low‐pressure (LP, 254 nm) mercury vapour lamps and compared results with cell culture infectivity.Results
Using LR‐qPCR, a fragment of 6 kb estimated DNA damage in a linear relationship to doses between 0 and 20 mJ cm?2, and a 1‐kb fragment related linearly to doses between 20 and 100 mJ cm?2. The LR‐qPCR results for the 6‐kb fragment were similar to infectivity assays results for adenovirus exposed to MP UV. For adenovirus irradiated with LP lamps, LR‐qPCR results for the shorter fragment size (1 kb) were similar to reduction in viral infectivity. No difference was observed between 10 and 6 kb LR‐qPCR results.Conclusion
The LR‐qPCR can be used as a tool for estimating DNA damage caused by UV in adenovirus. The LR‐qPCR results were related to reduction in viral infectivity.Significance and Impact of the Study
The use of LR‐qPCR to determine DNA damage and estimate inactivation of adenovirus 2 from UV disinfection allows for same‐day results compared with >7 days required for cell culture. This accelerates adenovirus inactivation results for the water industry where adenovirus is used as a representative virus for crediting UV systems. This PCR approach provides a framework that can be used for other viral viability assays using the inhibition of amplification of viral nucleic acid after pretreatments, such as propidium monoazide, and for cellular biology studies of DNA damage. 相似文献9.
Background
Mulberry dwarf (MD), which is caused by phytoplasma, is one of the most serious infectious diseases of mulberry. Phytoplasmas have been associated with diseases in several hundred plant species. The inability to culture phytoplasmas in vitro has hindered their characterization at the molecular level. Though the complete genomes of two phytoplasmas have been published, little information has been obtained about the proteome of phytoplasma. Therefore, the proteomic information of phytoplasmas would be useful to elucidate the functional mechanisms of phytoplasma in many biological processes. 相似文献10.
11.
An M. De Schryver Sebastien Humbert Mark A. J. Huijbregts 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2013,18(3):698-706
Purpose
This study analyzes the influence of value choices in impact assessment models for human health, such as the choice of time horizon, on life cycle assessment outcomes.Methods
For 756 products, the human health damage score is calculated using three sets of characterization factors (CFs). The CFs represent seven human health impact assessment categories: water scarcity, tropospheric ozone formation, particulate matter formation, human toxicity, ionizing radiation, stratospheric ozone depletion, and climate change. Each set of CFs embeds a combination of value choices following the Cultural Theory, and reflects the individualist, hierarchist, or egalitarian perspective.Results
We found that the average difference in human health damage score goes from 1 order of magnitude between the individualist and hierarchist perspectives to 2.5 orders of magnitude between the individualist and egalitarian perspectives. The difference in damage score of individual materials among perspectives depends on the combination of emissions driving the impact of both perspectives and can rise up to 5 orders of magnitude.Conclusions
The value choices mainly responsible for the differences in results among perspectives are the choice of time horizon and inclusion of highly uncertain effects. A product comparison can be affected when the human health damage score of two products differ less than a factor of 5, or the comparing products largely differ in their emitted substances. Overall, our study implies that value choices in impact assessment modeling can modify the outcomes of a life cycle assessment (LCA) and thus the practical implication of decisions based on the results of an LCA. 相似文献12.
Environmental analysis of rainwater harvesting infrastructures in diffuse and compact urban models of Mediterranean climate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sara Angrill Ramon Farreny Carles M. Gasol Xavier Gabarrell Bernat Vi?olas Alejandro Josa Joan Rieradevall 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2012,17(1):25-42
Purpose
At present, many urban areas in Mediterranean climates are coping with water scarcity, facing a growing water demand and a limited conventional water supply. Urban design and planning has so far largely neglected the benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in the context of a sustainable management of this resource. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the most environmentally friendly strategy for rainwater utilization in Mediterranean urban environments of different densities. 相似文献13.
JC Kwong S Ratnasingham MA Campitelli N Daneman SL Deeks DG Manuel VG Allen AM Bayoumi A Fazil DN Fisman AS Gershon E Gournis EJ Heathcote FB Jamieson P Jha KM Khan SE Majowicz T Mazzulli AJ McGeer MP Muller A Raut E Rea RS Remis R Shahin AJ Wright B Zagorski NS Crowcroft 《PloS one》2012,7(9):e44103
Background
Evidence-based priority setting is increasingly important for rationally distributing scarce health resources and for guiding future health research. We sought to quantify the contribution of a wide range of infectious diseases to the overall infectious disease burden in a high-income setting.Methodology/Principal Findings
We used health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a composite measure comprising premature mortality and reduced functioning due to disease, to estimate the burden of 51 infectious diseases and associated syndromes in Ontario using 2005–2007 data. Deaths were estimated from vital statistics data and disease incidence was estimated from reportable disease, healthcare utilization, and cancer registry data, supplemented by local modeling studies and national and international epidemiologic studies. The 51 infectious agents and associated syndromes accounted for 729 lost HALYs, 44.2 deaths, and 58,987 incident cases per 100,000 population annually. The most burdensome infectious agents were: hepatitis C virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Staphylococcus aureus, influenza virus, Clostridium difficile, and rhinovirus. The top five, ten, and 20 pathogens accounted for 46%, 67%, and 75% of the total infectious disease burden, respectively. Marked sex-specific differences in disease burden were observed for some pathogens. The main limitations of this study were the exclusion of certain infectious diseases due to data availability issues, not considering the impact of co-infections and co-morbidity, and the inability to assess the burden of milder infections that do not result in healthcare utilization.Conclusions/Significance
Infectious diseases continue to cause a substantial health burden in high-income settings such as Ontario. Most of this burden is attributable to a relatively small number of infectious agents, for which many effective interventions have been previously identified. Therefore, these findings should be used to guide public health policy, planning, and research. 相似文献14.
Olivier Jolliet Assumpció Antón Anne-Marie Boulay Francesco Cherubini Peter Fantke Annie Levasseur Thomas E. McKone Ottar Michelsen Llorenç Milà i Canals Masaharu Motoshita Stephan Pfister Francesca Verones Bruce Vigon Rolf Frischknecht 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2018,23(11):2189-2207
Purpose
Guidance is needed on best-suited indicators to quantify and monitor the man-made impacts on human health, biodiversity and resources. Therefore, the UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative initiated a global consensus process to agree on an updated overall life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) framework and to recommend a non-comprehensive list of environmental indicators and LCIA characterization factors for (1) climate change, (2) fine particulate matter impacts on human health, (3) water consumption impacts (both scarcity and human health) and 4) land use impacts on biodiversity.Methods
The consensus building process involved more than 100 world-leading scientists in task forces via multiple workshops. Results were consolidated during a 1-week Pellston Workshop? in January 2016 leading to the following recommendations.Results and discussion
LCIA framework: The updated LCIA framework now distinguishes between intrinsic, instrumental and cultural values, with disability-adjusted life years (DALY) to characterize damages on human health and with measures of vulnerability included to assess biodiversity loss. Climate change impacts: Two complementary climate change impact categories are recommended: (a) The global warming potential 100 years (GWP 100) represents shorter term impacts associated with rate of change and adaptation capacity, and (b) the global temperature change potential 100 years (GTP 100) characterizes the century-scale long term impacts, both including climate-carbon cycle feedbacks for all climate forcers. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) health impacts: Recommended characterization factors (CFs) for primary and secondary (interim) PM2.5 are established, distinguishing between indoor, urban and rural archetypes. Water consumption impacts: CFs are recommended, preferably on monthly and watershed levels, for two categories: (a) The water scarcity indicator “AWARE” characterizes the potential to deprive human and ecosystems users and quantifies the relative Available WAter REmaining per area once the demand of humans and aquatic ecosystems has been met, and (b) the impact of water consumption on human health assesses the DALYs from malnutrition caused by lack of water for irrigated food production. Land use impacts: CFs representing global potential species loss from land use are proposed as interim recommendation suitable to assess biodiversity loss due to land use and land use change in LCA hotspot analyses.Conclusions
The recommended environmental indicators may be used to support the UN Sustainable Development Goals in order to quantify and monitor progress towards sustainable production and consumption. These indicators will be periodically updated, establishing a process for their stewardship.15.
Background
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) is a significant disease among domestic and wild cattle. The BHV-1 infection was first detected in Finland in 1970; presumably it was imported in 1968. The infection reappeared in the large-scale bulk-tank milk surveillances which started in 1990, and was eradicated in 1994. Our aim is to describe the epidemiology of this infection in Finland, and its eradication. 相似文献16.
Anna Kounina Manuele Margni Jean-Baptiste Bayart Anne-Marie Boulay Markus Berger Cecile Bulle Rolf Frischknecht Annette Koehler Llorenç Milà i Canals Masaharu Motoshita Montserrat Núñez Gregory Peters Stephan Pfister Brad Ridoutt Rosalie van Zelm Francesca Verones Sebastien Humbert 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2013,18(3):707-721
17.
Kurt Buxmann Annette Koehler Daniel Thylmann 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2016,21(11):1605-1615
Purpose
The cradle-to-gate water scarcity footprint (WSFP) of primary aluminium has been determined for global aluminium including China (GLO) and global aluminium excluding China (RoW). It consists of the following:
- the direct WSFP, based on the freshwater consumption data collected by the IAI from global bauxite mines, alumina refiners and aluminium smelters and the local water scarcity index (WSI) of each plant, and
- the indirect WSFP which has been calculated using data collected by thinkstep on the freshwater consumption of the different ancillary materials, of the fuel and of the electricity needed for the production of alumina and aluminium and the relevant water scarcity indexes.
Methods
The calculation of the direct WSFP follows the requirement of ISO 14046 to aggregate data of sites at locations with different water scarcity after multiplication with the local water scarcity index.For the indirect WSFP, regional averages of the water consumption and water scarcity index were used for an initial screening study to determine fields for further investigation. Results of this study demonstrate that data on evaporation of water from reservoirs of hydropower plants has an extremely high contribution to the indirect WSFP of primary aluminium (79 % of the GLO value and 92 % of the RoW value).Therefore, a plant-by-plant approach was applied for hydropower which considers the net freshwater consumption of the hydropower reservoirs and uses the local water scarcity index of each power station, individually, for the calculation of the generic WSFP of the country or region. A special treatment has been given to some multipurpose reservoirs which typically have a beneficial effect on water scarcity, i.e. they have a negative WSFP if seasonal water scarcity indices are used.Results and discussion
With this approach, the WSFP of primary aluminium has been calculated as follows:
- 18.2 m3 H2Oe./tonne for global primary aluminium (GLO);
- 9.6 m3 H2Oe/tonne for global primary aluminium, excluding China (RoW).
Conclusions
In order to avoid distorted results of water footprint studies, in depth analysis of identified hotspots in water consumption is necessary, in this case the plant-by plant approach, in accordance with ISO 14046. Data providers are encouraged to facilitate such analysis by improving the accessibility of such detailed data.18.
Background
Outbreaks of infectious diseases by microbial pathogens can cause substantial losses of stock in aquaculture systems. There are several ways to eliminate these pathogens including the use of antibiotics, biocides and conventional disinfectants, but these leave undesirable chemical residues. Conversely, using sunlight for disinfection has the advantage of leaving no chemical residue and is particularly suited to countries with sunny climates. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a photocatalyst that increases the effectiveness of solar disinfection. In recent years, several different types of solar photocatalytic reactors coated with TiO2 have been developed for waste water and drinking water treatment. In this study a thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR), designed as a sloping flat plate reactor coated with P25 DEGUSSA TiO2, was used. 相似文献19.
Francisco Ruiz-Fons Ianire Astobiza Jesús F Barandika Ana Hurtado Raquel Atxaerandio Ramón A Juste Ana L García-Pérez 《BMC veterinary research》2010,6(1):3
Background
Q fever, a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, is endemic in northern Spain where it has been reported as responsible for large series of human pneumonia cases and domestic ruminants' reproductive disorders. To investigate pathogen exposure among domestic ruminants in semi-extensive grazing systems in northern Spain, a serosurvey was carried out in 1,379 sheep (42 flocks), 626 beef cattle (46 herds) and 115 goats (11 herds). Serum antibodies were analysed by ELISA and positive samples were retested by Complement Fixation test (CFT) to detect recent infections. 相似文献20.
Mireille Faist Emmenegger Stephan Pfister Annette Koehler Luca de Giovanetti Alejandro Pablo Arena Rainer Zah 《The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment》2011,16(9):869-877