住院患者医院感染铜绿假单胞菌产AmpC酶耐药基因型检测与分析

目的回顾性分析我院住院患者医院感染分离的铜绿假单胞菌产AmpC酶基因型。方法细菌鉴定采用VITEK 2Compact全自动微生物分析仪;产AmpC酶菌株筛选采用头孢西丁纸片扩散法;细菌基因组提取采用细菌基因组提取试剂盒提取细菌DNA;AmpC酶基因型检测采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)和DNA测序分析。结果经PCR检测有15株铜绿假单胞菌在405bp处出现阳性条带,并经DNA测序分析证实与基因库DHA-1型同源性为99.0%,属DHA-1型。结论我院住院患者医院感染铜绿假单胞菌有较高检出率,其产AmpC酶基因型以DHA-1型为主要流行株。     

沈阳地区铜绿假单胞菌药物敏感性测定及质粒图谱分析

目的 测定铜绿假单胞菌对22种药物的敏感性,帮助临床选择用药。并对分离株进行质粒图谱分析以了解耐药菌株的流行情况。方法 药物敏感性实验采用纸片琼脂扩散法,质粒指纹图谱分析采用碱变性法提取质粒DNA,限制性内切酶切割后进行凝胶电泳分析。结果 铜绿假单胞菌对头胞哌酮、氧派酸、丁胺卡那霉素、壮观霉素、多粘菌毒和头孢三嗪的敏感率在84％－100％之间。所有菌株对其他16种抗性素均有不同程度的耐药。质粒DNA图谱分析显示,12株被检测菌株中有11株含有质粒DNA,其中8株含有23kb质粒DNA。结论 铜绿假单胞菌对头胞哌铜、氟派酸、丁胺卡那霉素、壮观霉素、多粘菌素敏感;多数耐药菌株含23kb质粒DNA。     

快速从医院废水中大规模分离铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体

目的:从医院废水中快速分离多株不同的铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体,研究其生物学特性,为建立铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体库做准备。方法:利用噬菌斑法从未经处理的医院污水中分离和鉴定铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体,根据感染谱的不同确定它们为不同的铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体;重点研究其中一株宿主谱较广的噬菌体的生物学特性,采用负染法电镜观察噬菌体的形态和大小,提取该噬菌体的基因组并进行酶切电泳分析,测定噬菌体感染复数并观察其一步生长曲线。结果:通过噬菌斑法分离出90株铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体。电镜观察显示,噬菌体Pa27P1头部呈立体对称,有一长尾;酶切结果显示,噬菌体Pa27P1的基因组为双链DNA;生长曲线表明噬菌体Pa27P1感染宿主菌的潜伏期为25 min,爆发时间为25 min,裂解量为514。结论:90株铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体中有5株具有较广的噬菌谱,其组合能裂解所有18株铜绿假单胞杆菌,为深入研究铜绿假单胞杆菌噬菌体的生物学特性及其功能提供了依据。     

圈养林麝铜绿假单胞菌的分离鉴定及耐药性和病原特性分析

【背景】铜绿假单胞菌感染所致的化脓性疾病是困扰林麝驯养的重要因素,是一类较难防治的细菌性疾病,目前尚无疫苗可用来预防该病。【目的】研究林麝源铜绿假单胞菌的感染现状和分子流行病学规律。【方法】对2014年10月至2015年10月四川宝兴和陕西镇坪两个林麝养殖中心发病林麝中铜绿假单胞菌进行分离鉴定,并对其耐药情况进行分析,利用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型技术研究分离菌的PFGE指纹图谱,探究其流行病学趋势,并对部分菌株的致病性进行分析。【结果】分离得到60株铜绿假单胞菌,其中34株来自镇坪,26株来自宝兴。耐药结果表明:60株林麝源铜绿假单胞菌对17种抗菌药物呈现不同程度耐药性,不同地区和不同样本源间分离的铜绿假单胞菌对17种抗菌药物的耐药性总体趋于一致,多重耐药情况严重,以5耐、6耐为主。分型结果显示:60株铜绿假单胞菌PFGE图谱的相似性为49.1%-100%。经聚类分析得到A-O共15种基因簇,其中优势基因簇为C、E、G、J。致病性结果表明,流行菌株的致病力强弱依次为:动物源菌株环境源菌株,且主要流行菌株(基因簇E、F、J)的致病力大于其余菌群。【结论】铜绿假单胞菌在两地区具有水平传播的途径,本研究可为跨地区林麝化脓性炎症的防控提供理论依据。     

铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860萘降解质粒的转化

为进一步证明铜绿假单胞菌AS1.860菌株降解萘能力与质粒的关系,我们以菌株AS1.860作供体菌,AS1.860-30(B-2~-)作受体菌进行转化。转化子BS1.860CI具备了供体株的遗传特性,转化频率为8×10~(-8)。琼脂糖凝胶电泳和酶切图谱观察,二者质粒DNA迁移区段和酶切图谱相同,表明质粒与萘的降解及铜绿色素的产生有关。     

多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌中Ⅰ型整合子新结构的发现及其与耐药的相关性

[目的]研究临床多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌中Ⅰ型整合子的结构特征,探讨整合子与细菌多重耐药之间的相关性.[方法]收集临床样品中的铜绿假单胞菌,从中挑选多重耐药菌.采用聚合酶链式反应扩增Ⅰ型整合子可变区,应用酶切方法和DNA测序技术分析整合子基因结构,并采用SPSS19.0软件分析整合子与耐药表型间的相关性.[结果]多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌中Ⅰ型整合子的检出率为27.3％.Ⅰ型整合子基因盒排列形式共有3种(1500 bp、2300 bp和4000 bp),其中2种在其他细菌中也有发现.基因盒所编码的耐药基因有氨基糖苷类抗生素抗性基因(aadA、aadB、aac(6')Ⅱ和aadA13)、β-内酰胺类抗生素抗性基因(blaCARB8和oxa10)和氯霉素外排泵基因(cmlA8),耐药表型相关性分析表明整合子与氨基糖苷类抗生素抗性密切相关.[结论]在多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌临床分离株中发现了3种不同Ⅰ型整合子结构,这3种结构中均含有氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因,其中aadB-aac(6')Ⅱ-blaCARB8结构最为流行.     

群体感应淬灭酶克隆表达及其对铜绿假单胞菌的影响

【背景】由于抗生素的大量使用,导致细菌耐药性越来越强,寻找新的抗细菌感染药物成为研究热点。【目的】克隆表达群体感应淬灭酶,探究其对铜绿假单胞菌毒力及致病性的影响。【方法】利用PCR技术从产群体感应淬灭酶的芽孢杆菌QSI-1基因组DNA中克隆出aiiA基因,将其克隆到表达载体pET30a并导入大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,通过镍柱亲和层析获得纯化的N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶。用不同浓度的淬灭酶作用于铜绿假单胞菌,检测其对铜绿假单胞菌毒力因子产生以及生物膜形成能力的影响;以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型,考察其对线虫感染铜绿假单胞菌存活率的影响。【结果】克隆表达出群体感应淬灭酶,该酶能显著抑制铜绿假单胞菌毒力因子产生和生物膜的形成,并能降低铜绿假单胞菌对感染线虫的致死率。【结论】群体感应淬灭酶可作为一种能高效抑制细菌致病性的物质,为临床治疗细菌性感染提供新的策略。     

多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌产ESBLs酶与高产AmpC酶情况及药物敏感性研究

目的探讨多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs酶)与高产头孢菌素酶(Amp C酶)情况及药物敏感性。方法收集我院各病区提供的多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌菌株共128株,无重复菌株,检测产ESBLs酶、Amp C酶情况同时进行药物敏感性分析。结果 128株铜绿假单胞菌共检测出产酶菌株98株,占总菌株数的76.56%,其中单产ESBLs酶菌株25株、单产Amp C酶菌株58株、同时产ESBLs酶与Amp C酶菌株15株、不产酶菌株30株;大多数抗菌素对产酶铜绿假单胞菌不敏感,特别是同时产ESBLs酶与Amp C酶菌株几乎所有抗菌素均不敏感,而对于不产酶铜绿假单胞菌大多数抗菌素均较为敏感。结论多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌产酶菌株较多,抗菌药物敏感性差,临床应该根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌素,减少和控制细菌耐药的发生。     

亚胺培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌耐药机制的研究

目的探讨铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类抗生紊的耐药机制。方法应用铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白SDS-PAGE图谱、凝胶分光光度扫描分析方法和三维试验分析亚胺培南耐药铜绿假单胞菌外膜蛋白和β-内酰胺酶类型。结果耐药组OprD2相对含量显著低于敏感组。耐药组产生了较高活性的AmpC酶。结论铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南的耐药机制可能是OprD2的缺失和AmpC酶共同作用的结果。     

铜绿假单胞菌的MALDI-TOF-MS检测方法的建立

目的 建立利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪( MALDI-TOF-MS)对铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测方法.方法 通过MALDI-TOF-MS法对铜绿假单胞菌进行检测分析,并与生化鉴定方法相比较.结果 MALDI-TOF-MS对铜绿假单胞菌的检测后得到肽指纹图片及相关质谱数据,建立MALDI-TOF-MS对铜绿假单胞菌的快速检测方法.结论 MALDI-TOF-MS方法检测铜绿假单胞菌准确快速、操作简单等特点,可发展成为食品检验铜绿假单胞菌的重要(辅助)工具.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.