Macroscopic Aggregation of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein

The relationship between processes of thermal denaturation and heat-induced aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein (CP) was studied. Judging from differential scanning calorimetry melting curves, TMV CP in the form of a trimer–pentamer mixture (4S-protein) has very low thermal stability, with a transition temperature at about 40°C. Thermally denatured TMV CP displayed high propensity for large (macroscopic) aggregate formation. TMV CP macroscopic aggregation was strongly dependent on the protein concentration and solution ionic strength. By varying phosphate buffer molarity, it was possible to merge or to separate the denaturation and aggregation processes. Using far-UV CD spectroscopy, it was found that on thermal denaturation TMV CP subunits are converted into an intermediate that retains about half of its initial -helix content and possesses high heat stability. We suppose that this stable thermal denaturation intermediate is directly responsible for the formation of TMV CP macroscopic aggregates.     

A Point Mutation in the Coat Protein Gene Affects Long-Distance Transport of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus

A mutation resulting in substitution of positively charged Lys53 with negatively charged Glu in the coat protein was introduced in the infectious cDNA copy of the genome of wild-type tobacco mosaic virus strain U1. Kinetic analysis of long-distance virus transport in plants showed that systemic spread of the mutant virus was delayed by 5–6 days as compared with the wild-type one. On evidence of RNA sequencing in the mutant progeny, Glu50 of the coat protein was substituted with Lys after passage I to compensate for the loss of the positive charge at position 53. Electron microscopy revealed atypical inclusions (rodlike structures, multiple electron-dense globular particles) in the nuclear interchromatin space of leaf mesophyll cells infected with the mutant but not with the wild-type virus.     

外壳蛋白羧端序列缺失对烟草花叶病毒侵染性的影响

对野生型烟草花叶病毒(TMV-U1)的外壳蛋白羧端序列进行系列缺失突变,观察到TMV-U1株系的外壳蛋白羧端序列缺失6个氨基酸(保留152个氨基酸),仍能较强系统侵染烟草并高水平表达外壳蛋白,且能在新生叶里复制大量完整的病毒粒子。该研究结果表明：外壳蛋白羧端6个氨基酸序列并非烟草花叶病毒感染和复制所必需,并对利用外壳蛋白羧端缺失型病毒载体表达外源多肽具有一定的启示性。     

甘蔗花叶病毒E株系外壳蛋白基因原核表达载体的构建与表达

目的:用原核表达的方法获取大量带6个His标记的甘蔗花叶病毒E株系(ScMV-E)外壳蛋白(CP)。方法:用带有BamHⅠ和SalⅠ酶切位点的特异引物,以带有多个基因的重组质粒pNUSCP为模板,扩增出片段长度为942bp的ScMV-E外壳蛋白基因,亚克隆到pMD18-T载体上,转化E.coliDH5α,经双酶切检测获得阳性克隆。BamHⅠ和SalⅠ双酶切阳性克隆质粒,回收目的片段ScMV-E的CP基因。把目的片段插入表达载体pET29a( ),转化E.coliBL21(DE3),测序。结果:阳性质粒pET29a-CP在E.coliBL21(DE3)中得到大量特异表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,该蛋白的相对分子质量约36000,与预测一致。结论:以上方法可以得到带6个His标记的目的蛋白,有利于纯化并获取高纯度的ScMV-E的外壳蛋白。     

The Spatial Arrangement of the Wild-Type and Mutant Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Proteins Assessed by Tritium Planigraphy

Mutant ts21-66 of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) differs from the wild-type TMV-U1 by two mutations (Ile21 Thr and Asp66 Gly) in the coat protein (CP) gene and in symptoms produced in infected N" plants. The CP structure in TMV-U1 and ts21-66 virions was probed by tritium planigraphy. Compared with the wild-type CP, labeling of the N-terminal region of mutant CP was half as high and suggested its greater shielding. The role of this CP region in virus interactions with the N" resistance system is discussed.     

黄瓜花叶病毒衣壳蛋白存在于被其侵染的烟草叶绿体中

用原生质体法制备出高纯度的完整叶绿体经SDS-PAGE电泳,银染后,发现黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)侵染的烟草病叶叶绿体蛋白质图谱和健叶叶绿体相比,多出一条染色较弱的迁移率与CMV衣壳蛋白质相同的带,经Western转移,用CMV游离衣壳蛋白亚基抗血清进行斑点酶联(Immunoblot)检测,证明这条带就是CMV衣壳蛋白质。健康叶绿体中加入去掉叶绿体的病叶汁液而制备出的叶绿体中无CMV衣壳蛋白质,说明这不是在叶绿体提纯过程中得到的假象,即衣壳蛋白质存在于被CMV侵染的完整叶片叶绿体中。这个结果否认了以往报道的CMV衣壳蛋白质不存在于烟草叶绿体中的结论。另外还发现,叶绿体中的衣壳蛋白质浓度与叶片症状严重程度呈正相关。     

黄瓜花叶病毒衣壳蛋白基因转化辣椒研究

The plant expression vector of the coat protein(CP) gene of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) BS strain was used to transform three kinds of pepper (Capsicum annuum) tissues (cotyledon, stem and root) by agrobacterium-mediated co-cultivation. 53%-68.4% of the total tissues (639) can be induced to be calli, but only cotyledon calli can be further regenerated to form shoots (regenerated efficiency 39.7%). 70%(42/60) of the putative transformed plants were confirmed to have CP gene in their genomes by Southern blot. The mRNAs and the CP were respectively found in 80% of transgenic plants by Northern blot and DAS-ELISA. 24 of the transgenic plants expressing CP gene of BS strain showed three kinds of resistant level (severe symptom, delay of symptomatic development, no symptom) to infection of CMV-BS and of CMV-P. However, there was distinctly higher resistance to inoculation of CMV-BS than that with CMV-P in these transgenic plants.     

烟草花叶病毒运动蛋白cDNA的克隆及融合蛋白的表达

从烟草花叶病毒(TMV)中提取总RNA,通过反转录PCR (RTPCR) 扩增得到其运动蛋白(MP)的基因,将扩增产物克隆到pMD18T载体上。DNA序列分析表明,所得到的运动蛋白的基因全长为807bp (GenBank接受号AY300161), 与已发表TMV序列（GenBank登陆号为NC-001367）和同属的番茄花叶病毒（ToMV, GenBank登陆号为NC-002692相比核苷酸的同源性分别为98.0％和80.9％,氨基酸的同源性分别为99.1％和80.0％。 将目的片段亚克隆到表达载体pET30a上,并在大肠杆菌JM109中诱导表达,诱导9h 后,融合蛋白表达量最大。诱导后的工程菌超声后经SDSPAGE检测,融合蛋白以可溶形式存在。     

一些抗植物病毒剂对烟草花叶病毒衣壳蛋白体外聚合过程的影响

一些抗植物病毒剂对烟草花叶病毒衣壳蛋白体外聚合过程的影响江山,郭雪柳,韩熹莱（北京农业大学基础科技学院,北京１０００９４）关键词抗植物病毒剂,烟草花叶病毒,病毒衣壳蛋白,体外聚合研究表明,有些植物病毒的核酸对寄主植物的侵染活性只有装配完整的病毒颗粒的...     

侵染落葵的黄瓜花叶病毒分离物CP基因序列分析

通过间接酶联免疫法(ID-ELISA)检测到染病落葵病样中存在黄瓜花叶病毒（Cucumber Mosaic Virus,CMV）。从病叶中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增得到657bp的CMV CP基因片断,将扩增产物与T载体连接并进行测序。用DNA MAN将得到的CP基因序列与GenBank收录的黄瓜花叶病毒两亚组部分株系或分离物的CP基因序列进行比较,结果表明该CP基因与CMV亚组Ⅰ、亚组Ⅱ之间的核苷酸序列同源性分别为91.17~95.43%和75.30~75.76%,推导氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.41~97.71%和81.28~81.74%,表明CMV-Ba与亚组Ⅰ同源关系密切。     

重组甘蔗花叶病毒E株系外壳蛋白的纯化及其多克隆抗体制备

目的：制备可用于甘蔗花叶病毒（ScMV）E株系（ScMV-E）检测用多克隆抗体。方法：将ScMV-E外壳蛋白（CP）基因连接到pET29a（＋）上,经PCR检测、酶切及测序鉴定获得重组质粒pET29a-CP,在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中诱导表达重组ScMV-E外壳蛋白;采用His Trap Kit纯化目的蛋白,作为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,制备特异性抗体;通过间接ELISA、Western blot和组织印迹法检测所制备抗体的特异性。结果：SDS-PAGE分析表明,重组融合蛋白含6个组氨酸标记,相对分子质量约43000;Western blot检测显示所获得的抗体特异性良好,间接ELISA法测得血清的效价为1：81 920;甘蔗叶片的组织印迹检测结果显示杂交效果良好。结论：制备的多克隆抗体可直接用于ScMV-E检测,并有望用于制备ScMV-E检测试剂盒。     

烟草花叶病毒运动蛋白基因的cDNA克隆、序列测定及植物转化

植物病毒侵染宿主植物的一个重要过程是通过它在宿主体内的转移和传播,产生病害。植物病毒在宿主体内的转移主要有两种方式,一种是通过植物维管组织进行的系统转移,另一种是植物病毒在宿主细胞之间的转移,这种转移是通过植物细胞的胞间连丝实现的。实验表明,病毒自身编码的一种蛋白参与了这个转移过程,对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)而言,这种蛋白就是分子量为30kDa的运动蛋白。     

TMV介导的外源蛋白在植物中表达

烟草花叶病毒(Tobaccomosaicvirus,TMV)为Tobamovirus代表成员,以此病毒介导的外源蛋白在植物中表达,经过了十几年的研究和不断完善,已被证实为一种有效的表达外源蛋白的途径.这项技术已经在医用活性多肽以及疫苗的研制、功能基因的鉴定、植物体内生物合成途径的研究等方面发挥越来越重要的作用.重点阐述了TMV基因组RNA的结构和分子生物学特征,并着重对重组载体的构建及其利用加以了论述.     

黄瓜花叶病毒CP基因原核表达及抗血清的制备

把黄瓜花叶病毒 (CMV)西番莲分离物的外壳蛋白 (CP)基因 ,通过BamHI SacI位点定向插入pET 2 2b( )载体 ,转化大肠杆菌BL2 1 (DE3)中 ,经IPTG诱导下 37℃培养 6h ,SDS PAGE电泳示表达蛋白分子质量为 31 8kDa ,表达量占菌体总蛋白的 2 8 9%,表明该蛋白得到了高效表达。用冰冷的氯化钾溶液显色 ,用表达的特异蛋白质条带制备抗原 ,免疫家兔制备出病毒特异抗血清。采用ID ELISA测定抗血清效价为 1 0 -6;抗血清和CMV几个分离物均有特异反应 ,和TMV、菌体蛋白不发生非特异性反应 ;检测病毒灵敏度达 30ng ml,能够从稀释 31 2 5倍的感病植物汁液中检测出病毒     

大蒜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因cDNA的克隆和序列分析

我们从自然发病的大蒜中分离得到了大蒜花叶病毒。以其基因组ＲＮＡ为模板合成了３＇末端部分ｃＤＮＡ。从中选出一批插入片段在２．０ｋｂ以上的重组克隆,经Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ点杂交分析证实了所选克隆与基因组ＲＮＡ同源。通过对若干个克隆的插入片段两端部分序列的测定,选出一个克隆ｐＧＭ４９５,其插入片段的长度约为２．４ｋｂ,３′末端存有一个Ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）结构,它应包含了编码该病毒外壳蛋白全部序列。序列测定的结果表明,这个ｃＤＮＡ片段全长为２３７９ｂｐ,其中含有与酶切图谱分析结果相符的ＥｅｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔＩ及ＢａｍＨＩ酶切位点。第一个终止密码子ＴＡＡ与３′ｇ末端相距２６４ｂｐ,我们根据碱基序列推定的氨基酸序列与其它已发表的Ｐｏｔｙｖｉｒｕｓ的外壳蛋白氨基酸序列以及外壳蛋白翻译后加工的蛋白酶专一切点相比较后推测,编码该病毒外壳蛋白序列可能起始于３′末端上游的１１７０ｂｐ处,共编码３０２个氨基酸,其分子量为３６ｋＤ,略大于ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ所测定的３３ｋＤ,非编码区域长２６４ｂｐ,富含ＡＴ,并有多个终止密码子的存在。趾３′末端３２～２７ｂｐ处有一个ＡＡＴＡＡ序列。     

Structural Analysis of A-Protein of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Mosaic Virus by Synchrotron Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

The size and shape of A-protein of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMVP) and cucumber green mottle mosaic virus coat protein (CGMMVP) were evaluated by means of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) using a synchrotron radiation source, complemeted by electron microscopic observations. The results imply that TMV and CGMMV A-proteins are composed of three and two subunits, respectively, stacked in the shape of an isosceles triangular prism at lower ionic strength. Considering the difference of the A-protein structure at higher and lower ionic strength, the globular core structure was proposed as a subunit which might be modeled as a thin isosceles triangular prism composed of four globular cores joined by rather flexible segments. These cores correspond probably to four helical regions in a subunit, and rearrange their relative positions according to the external conditions. A slight rearrangement of core positions in a subunit may result in the formation of A-proteins of various shapes.     

茄子花叶病新毒原

１９９１年从沈阳地区茄子花叶病叶片中分离到了ＳＹ－Ｉｓ分离物。经汁液摩擦接种７个科１６种植物,这一分离物可浸染４个科８种植物,但不侵染黄瓜、两葫芦和蚕豆,也不能经桃蚜和萝卜蚜传播。该分离物体外抗性的致死温度（ＴＩＰ）为９０－９５℃;稀释限点（ＤＥＰ）为１０￣（－６）－１０￣（－７）;体外保毒期（Ｌ）为一个月以上。光学显微镜下可见晶状胞质内含体。叶滴法电镜观察可见大小为±３００×１８ｎｍ的杆状病毒粒子。该病病叶汁液与烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）普通株抗血清呈明显阳性反应。用ＴＭＶ的一对引物进行多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）,可扩增出一特异性核酸片段。根据上述实验结果,我们认为引起沈阳地区茄子花叶病的毒原种类为ＴＭＶ,是茄子花叶病的新毒原。