均匀设计在候选内参基因RT—qPCR实验条件优化中的应用

目的探讨均匀设计在候选内参基因RT—qPCR实验条件优化中的应用,有助于后期实验筛选不同状态下THP～1细胞的稳定内参基因。方法以THP-1细胞cDNA为模板,eDNA模板量、引物浓度和退火温度3个因素为影响因素,应用均匀设计3因素8水平,探索影响候选内参基因RT-qPCR的扩增条件,检测不同实验条件下的扩增效果,在最优扩增条件下建立候选内参基因定量扩增的相对标准曲线,并检测扩增效率。结果通过均匀设计,完成对eDNA模板量、引物浓度和退火温度3因素8水平的实验条件优化,建立候选内参基因RT—qPCR检测的最佳组合为eDNA模板量0．5big、引物浓度200μmol／L、退火温度55℃。结论本实验选用均匀设计优化RT—qPCR实验条件,筛选出THP-1细胞候选内参基因RT—qPCR的最优实验条件。均匀设计适合于本实验研究多因素多水平试验条件的配比。     

用任意引物PCR进行基因多态性分析时最佳反应条件的建立

用任意引物进行基因组指纹分析是检测DNA多态性的一种通用方法,对遗传学图谱绘制、系统发育学和种群生物学都很有用.由于任意引物PCR(AP-PCR)影响因素很多,获得理想的指纹扩增图谱比较困难,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法建立最佳扩增体系.对Mg²⁺浓度,模板浓度、引物浓度等三个因素进行优化选择AP-PCR扩增反应实验研究.实验结果表明：Ap-PCR反应的最佳反应条件为2 mmol/L MgCl₂,50 ng的DNA模板及0.3 μmol/L的引物浓度,在上述条件下获得的AP-PCR产物最丰富,条带清晰.     

一种快速高效获取丝状真菌PCR反应模板的方法

建立一种快速高效获取丝状真菌PCR反应模板的方法,提高丝状真菌PCR鉴定效率。通过单因素法对机械破壁联合微波法进行条件优化,利用优化后的方法获取13株不同种属丝状真菌的PCR反应模板,同时与Chelex-100法、机械破壁法作对比,以试剂盒抽提法作为阳性对照,进行ITS序列扩增,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测扩增结果。机械破壁联合微波法获取丝状真菌PCR反应模板的最佳条件为40 Hz机械破壁1 min、微波700 W高温裂解3 min,采取该法与试剂盒抽提法获得的模板均成功扩增13株不同种属丝状真菌ITS序列,且PCR鉴定结果一致;Chelex-100法获得的模板成功扩增6株丝状真菌ITS序列;机械破壁法获得的模板虽成功扩增9株丝状真菌ITS序列,但扩增效果欠佳。机械破壁联合微波法能够有效获取丝状真菌PCR反应模板,与试剂盒抽提法相比具有操作简便、快速高效的优点,提高丝状真菌PCR鉴定效率。     

均匀设计在枇杷ISSR-PCR反应体系优化中的应用

本实验通过U25(54)均匀设计实验研究,对枇杷ISSR-PCR分子标记体系中模板DNA、dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg2+、引物5个组分的浓度进行优化.获得25 μL反应体系中各成分的适宜浓度或用量分别是:模板DNA为10ng、dNTPs为0.5 mmol/L、Taq DNA聚合酶为1 U、Mg2+为2.5 mmol/L,引物为0.4 μmol/L.与单因素梯度优化体系相比,操作简便,简化了实验步骤,获得的实验结果可靠,从100条ISSR引物中筛选出27条扩增良好的引物,并获得了这些引物的最佳退火温度,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳获得了清晰的图谱.这一优化体系的建立为进一步利用ISSR标记技术进行枇杷种质鉴定及遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序.     

均匀设计优化毛竹EST-SSR PCR反应体系

本研究以毛竹叶片DNA为模板,利用均匀设计U10(54)表,对毛竹EST-SSRPCR反应体系的TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTPs及引物浓度4因素5个水平进行优化筛选。优化实验结果表明,毛竹EST-SSRPCR的25μL优化反应体系为:10×PCRBuffer(含Mg2+)2.5μL、TaqDNA聚合酶1.5U,Mg2+、dNTPs及引物的最适浓度分别是1.0mmol/L、0.1mmol/L、0.48μmol/L;通过梯度PCR试验筛选得到相应引物的最佳退火温度为52.4℃。对优化出的EST-SSRPCR反应体系进行稳定性检测,结果均能获得丰富、稳定、清晰可辨的DNA谱带。该优化体系为利用EST-SSR分子标记对毛竹进行遗传多样性等相关研究工作提供了基础条件。     

香蕉基因组SRAP反应体系的建立和优化

为建立并优化适于香蕉（Musa spp.）SRAP分析的扩增体系,对影响香蕉SRAP反应的dNTP、Mg²⁺、模板DNA、引物浓度和Taq酶用量等因素进行优化。确定的优化扩增体系为Mg²⁺ 2.5 mmol·L^-1,dNTP 250 μmol·L^-1,Taq酶1.0 U,引物0.5 μmol·L^-1,模板DNA 20 ng,10×PCR buffer 2.5 μL,在此条件下SRAP扩增香蕉基因组DNA条带清晰,多态性丰富。该体系在29个香蕉基因组中获得较好的扩增结果,可望在香蕉植物起源和进化研究中应用。     

黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA提取方法的优化

目的 为快速地提取到质量较好的黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA进行白蚁种群多样性的研究,对基因组DNA提取方法进行了比较与改进.方法 先初步采取CTAB法与蛋白酶K法对黑翅土白蚁基因组DNA的提取方法进行比较,再利用正交设计法对蛋白酶K法中裂解液、蛋白酶、RNA酶及作用时间4个因素进行优化.结果 蛋白酶K法获得的基因组DNA的质量与产量稍优于CTAB法;较佳的提取步骤组合为:裂解液150 μL,蛋白酶K 6μL,作用时间1h,RNA酶可不添加.结论 采用优化后的方法获得的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,得到了清晰、稳定的扩增谱带,完全可用于相关后续实验.     

星星草RAPD-PCR反应体系建立与优化

目的:寻找一个可用于星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora(Griseb.)Scribn.et Merr)RAPD-PCR的最适宜的反应体系。方法:利用正交设计法对影响PCR扩增效果的一些因素诸如TaqDNA聚合酶的用量、Mg2 浓度、dNTP以及引物浓度等指标进行筛选和优化。然后,通过引物对该优化结果进行验证。结果:正交设计结果表明,最适宜的PCR反应条件:20μl PCR反应体系中包括10×buffer2μl、模板DNA20ng、dNTP1.6mmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶0.35U、引物1.0mmol/L、Mg2 1.8mmol/L。验证结果表明,该体系扩增出的条带多且清晰。结论:该研究得出的体系是适合RAPD-PCR的最适宜的反应体系,为今后星星草遗传多样性的研究奠定了基础。     

酿酒酵母耐热相关基因DNA片断的初探*

对模板DNAMg^2＋的浓度以及PCR反应程序等因素进行了研究,得出了对酿酒酵母（Saccharomycescerevisiae）进行随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析的优化条件。在此基础上对酿酒酵母耐高温菌株HU-TY-1及原始出发菌株LK的基因组DNA进行RAPD分析,结果表明：两菌株间确实存在着扩增带型上的差异,而这些差异可能与菌株的耐高温性状有关。从而为今后通过四分子分析寻找与耐热相关基因紧密连锁的分子标记,并进一步克隆和定位有关的基因打下基础。     

穗花杉ISSR引物反应条件的优化与筛选

在研究穗花杉(Amentotaxus aragotaenia)的遗传多样性过程中,为了获得清晰、重复性好ISSR扩增结果,对影响ISSR-PCR的多个因素包括模板浓度、Taq酶的选择和用量、Mg²⁺和dNTPs浓度及退火温度等指标等进行了筛选和优化,确定了穗花杉ISSR-PCR分析的最适扩增条件： 20 μL PCR反应体系中,2 μL 10×Taq酶配套缓冲液,1.8 U Taq聚合酶（上海生工公司）,0.2 μmol·L^-1引物,0.18 mmol·L^-1 dNTP,1.5～2.5 mmol·L^-1 MgCl₂,10 ng·μL^-1模板DNA。用来自不同居群7个个体,以100个ISSR引物进行PCR扩增,筛选出扩增效果较好的10个引物。得到了92个位点,其中45个多态性位点,多态性位点比例为49%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.