丽纹攀蜥精巢染色体和减数分裂研究

本文用精巢细胞制片法,在国内首次报道了丽纹攀蜥(Japalura splendida)的精巢染色体组型和减数分裂过程,其精巢染色体n=17,含6个大型染色体和儿个微小染色体。除微小染色体呈点状外,大型染色体均为中间着丝粒染色体。同时我们观察了丽纹攀蜥减数分裂各个时期,并对各时期的特征进行了描述。     

丽纹攀蜥粗线期染色体核型及微小染色体的分析

本文以精巢、四肢骨和脊椎骨为材料,利用直接制片法制备了丽纹攀蜥（Japalura splendida）染色体标本,首次对其精巢减数分裂粗线期染色体,特别是微小染色体的长度进行了测量,描述了染色体特征,并进行了核型分析.同时与二倍体细胞染色体的核型进行了比较,发现11对微小染色体类型中包括8对中着丝粒染色体、2对端着丝粒染色体和1对点状染色体.     

四川几种攀蜥的行为和繁殖观察

198 7～ 2 0 0 3年通过野外采集或室内饲养 ,对四川西部的几种攀蜥的栖息环境、活动规律、变色现象、摄食和繁殖等进行了观察。发现汶川攀蜥卵在孵化过程中有逐渐长大、增重的现象。     

丽纹攀蜥头体大小的两性异形和繁殖期的生长

测定了丽纹攀蜥的体长、头长、头宽、头高、尾长和体重等形态指标,以及通过44天的生长后体长、头长、头宽和头高的增长。表明成年两性个体体长无显著的两性异形,局部形态特征皆与体长呈正相关。协方差分析表明,雄性的头长、头宽、头高和尾长显著大于雌性个体,繁殖期雌性个体的体重显著大于雄性个体。丽纹攀蜥繁殖期雄性体长的增长显著大于雌性体长的增长,雌雄两性头长、头宽和头高的增长无显著的差异。     

四川几种攀蜥的行为和繁殖观察(图版Ⅸ,下)

1987～2003年通过野外采集或室内饲养,对四川西部的几种攀蜥的栖息环境、活动规律、变色现象、摄食和繁殖等进行了观察。发现汶川攀蜥卵在孵化过程中有逐渐长大、增重的现象。     

红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥视网膜的组织学观察

为了进一步探讨动物视网膜结构与机能的关系,利用光镜和扫描电镜比较观察了红腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus pictus)、丽纹龙蜥(Jspalura splendida)视网膜的结构。结果表明,红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥的视网膜均由四层细胞构成,在光镜下均可分为十层结构。红腹锦鸡视网膜平均厚225·2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比约为2:1;丽纹龙蜥视网膜平均厚156.2μm,视细胞与节细胞数比为1:1。红腹锦鸡、丽纹龙蜥视网膜视细胞的平均密度分别为(124828±24404)个/mm2和(33165±7034)个/mm2。显示了红腹锦鸡和丽纹龙蜥均具有昼行性动物视网膜的结构特征。     

丽龟的人工饲养初报

本文报道了2001年10月至2004年4月间,2只丽龟在人工饲养条件下的观察和试验结果.     

丽斑麻蜥繁殖习性的研究

本文系统地报道了辽宁省北镇县城郊丽斑麻蜥的繁殖习性。     

安徽滁州雌性丽斑麻蜥繁殖特征

在安徽滁州地区丽斑麻蜥(Eremias argus)年产两窝卵。窝卵数及窝卵重与雌体体长呈正相关,相对窝卵重与雌体体长无关,卵重与窝卵数无关。窝卵数、窝卵重及卵重在窝序间无明显的差异。卵长径与卵短径呈正相关,卵长径与窝卵数呈负相关,而卵短径与窝卵数无关。雌体主要通过增加窝卵数增加繁殖输出。     

人工饲养条件下蜡皮蜥昼间行为时间分配及活动节律

2003 年 5 月~ 2004 年 5 月, 采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件观察法对人工饲养条件下蜡皮蜥(Leiolepis reevesii) 的昼间行为时间分配和活动节律进行了初步研究。结果表明: 昼间不同天气下蜡皮蜥行为时间分配中, 休息行为占有绝对的比例, 其次为运动、晒太阳、警戒、摄食和其他行为。晴天其休息、运动和晒太阳行为分别占 94 73%±0 01%、3 24%±0 01%和 1 56%±0 01%, 而阴天休息、运动和晒太阳分别占97 03%±0 02%、1 31%±0 01%、0 89%±0 01%。晴天和阴天蜡皮蜥的运动、警戒、休息和晒太阳等行为在时间分配上存在显著性差异 (P<0 05); 雄、雌和亚成体的行为时间分配上, 只有雌雄之间的警戒行为存在差异性 (P<0 05)。在活动节律方面, 晴天和阴天蜡皮蜥只有在行为发生的起始和持续时间上有差异, 晴天其晒太阳的高峰期在10:00~11:00, 运动高峰期在11:00~14:00, 休息低谷期在10:00~13:00, 而阴天晒太阳的高峰期出现在11:00~12:00、运动高峰期11:00~15:00, 其休息未表现出明显的低谷。     

绿海龟稚龟的人工饲养

暂养绿海龟稚龟是提高其成活率,保护其种群资源的有效途径。本文阐述了绿海龟稚龟的人工饲养与疾病防治技术。     

乌梢蛇的人工孵化与冬眠前的人工饲养

室内人工孵化乌梢蛇卵16 7枚。平均卵重10 . 4 1g ,孵化出幼蛇14 2条,孵化率85 % ,其中11枚未受精,受精率93. 5 %。对幼蛇做了形体度量,挑选活泼健康的幼蛇98条,平均体重6 . 2 6±0 . 89g ,随机分成3组进行人工饲养,一组为群体饲养,另两组为单个饲养。开口饲料采用两种处理,一种是人工填喂瘦猪肉,另一种是饲喂活幼体泽蛙。饲养时间为冬眠前两个月。群体饲养组冬眠前平均增重率达4 0. 4 % ,单个饲养组平均增重率达4 6. 5 % ,未达差异显著(P >0 . 0 5 )。结果表明,活幼体泽蛙是乌梢蛇幼蛇良好的开口饲料     

Feeding and oviposition preferences of Drosophila buzzatii for microbial species isolated from its natural environment

Mature, mated female Drosophila buzzatii were given a choice of nine microbial communities actively growing on cactus homogenate in laboratory population cages. All communities contained identical naturally occurring bacteria, and comprised bacteria only and bacteria plus one of eight yeast species. Relative frequency of each yeast species ingested and number of eggs laid on each community were measured daily for three successive days. Flies generally preferred to feed and oviposit on those yeast species which are most abundant in rots of Opuntia cactus, and Pichia caclophila was the most preferred yeast. Light intensity, position of the yeast in the cage, and probably aggregation behaviour affected preference. Direct observation of adults was found to be inadequate for determining feeding preference. The ability of the flies to discriminate between yeasts developed with time. By day three, there was a significant correlation ( r = 0.96) between the yeasts preferred for feeding and those preferred for oviposition. Feeding preference may be determined in part by oviposition preference; and the latter appears to be the most fruitful avenue for future research into habitat selection by D. buzzatii-     

Effect of Adult Feeding on Male Mating Behaviour in the Butterfly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bicyclus anynana</Emphasis> (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Many species of lepidopterans supplement their nectar diet with foods rich in nitrogen and minerals, which are present only in trace amounts in nectar. We examined the effect of adult diet on mating behaviour and spermatophore characteristics in male Bicyclus anynana (Butler, 1879) butterflies, which feed on rotten fruits as adults. We found little effect of adult diet on male reproduction in terms of mating rate and sperm production, although males fed on fruit produced larger spermatophores on their first mating compared to males fed sugar only. We also examined how males allocate sperm across matings. Males ejaculate larger spermatophores during their first mating, and produce spermatophores containing decreasingly fewer non-fertile sperm with number of matings performed. Males that produced more non-fertile sperm on their first mating had reduced lifespan possibly indicating a trade-off between sperm production and adult longevity. It is suggested that adult diet has little affect on male ejaculate production and males feed on fruit to supplement their energetic carbon requirements.     

人工条件下不同饲料饲养金钱龟效果的研究

为提高作为家庭观赏动物金钱龟的养殖效果,进行了鲜活饲料、水龟配合饲料及二者混合饲料养殖效果的比较研究.经过320 d实验,利用粗蛋白含量35.2%的水龟配合饲料喂养,饲料成本最低,效率显著高于鲜活饲料组和混合饲料组(P<0.05),但体重增长率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);从养殖成本、饲料转化率及日常管理考虑,配合饲料优于鲜活饲料.     

The Feeding Strategies of the Leech Erpobdella octoculata (L.): A Laboratory Study

The feeding behaviour of the freshwater leech Erpobdella octoculata was analysed by exposing potential invertebrate and vertebrate prey organisms (alive, wounded or dead) to leech attack in dishes, in the laboratory. The fact that E. octoculata is a macrophagous feeder that swallows living prey organisms whole (preferentially Chironomus larvae) is documented. However, it was repeatedly observed that adult leeches sucked the body fluids from wounded larvae. Likewise, cut pieces of earthworms, dead crustaceans and crushed water snails were attacked and the soft parts sucked in with the aid of the unarmed pharynx. Adult leeches sucked the body fluids from dead, decaying bodies of vertebrates (fish, newt larvae). Newly hatched young are blood suckers that rapidly attacked the wounded regions of Chironomus larvae and other invertebrates such as crushed water snails. It is concluded that the common leech E. octoculata is not only a predator, but also a fluid sucker and a scavenger. The ecological implications of this finding are discussed.