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1.
Culture of Papaver somniferum in vitro was used for a characterisation of cell surface structures and mode of cell adhesion and cell separation during cell differentiation
and plant regeneration in somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis. In early stages of somatic embryogenesis, cell type-specific
and developmentally regulated change of cell morphogenesis was demonstrated. Cell wall of separated embryonic cells were self-covered
with external tubular network, whereas morphogenetic co-ordination of adhered cells of somatic proembryos was supported by
fine and fibrillar external cell wall continuum of peripheral cells, interconnecting also local sites of cell separation.
Such type of cell contacts disappeared during histogenesis, when the protodermis formation took place. Tight cell adhesion
of activated cells with polar cell wall thickening, and production of extent mucilage on the periphery were the crucial aspects
of meristemoids. Fine amorphous layer covered developing shoot primordia, but we have not observed such comparable external
fibrillar network. On the contrary intercellular separation of differentiated cells in regenerated organs, and accepting distinct
developmental system of somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis, cell adhesion in early stages and ultrastructural changes
associated with tissue disorganisation, and the subsequent reorganisation into either embryos or shoots appear to be regulatory
morphogenetical events of plant regeneration in vitro. 相似文献
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Jianying Li Maojun Wang Yajun Li Qinghua Zhang Keith Lindsey Henry Daniell Shuangxia Jin Xianlong Zhang 《Plant biotechnology journal》2019,17(2):435-450
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis is time‐consuming and highly genotype‐dependent. The plant somatic embryogenesis process provokes many epigenetics changes including DNA methylation and histone modification. Recently, an elite cotton Jin668, with an extremely high regeneration ability, was developed from its maternal inbred Y668 cultivar using a Successive Regeneration Acclimation (SRA) strategy. To reveal the underlying mechanism of SRA, we carried out a genome‐wide single‐base resolution methylation analysis for nonembryogenic calluses (NECs), ECs, somatic embryos (SEs) during the somatic embryogenesis procedure and the leaves of regenerated offspring plants. Jin668 (R4) regenerated plants were CHH hypomethylated compared with the R0 regenerated plants of SRA process. The increase in CHH methylation from NEC to EC was demonstrated to be associated with the RNA‐dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) and the H3K9me2‐dependent pathway. Intriguingly, the hypomethylated CHH differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of promoter activated some hormone‐related and WUSCHEL‐related homeobox genes during the somatic embryogenesis process. Inhibiting DNA methylation using zebularine treatment in NEC increased the number of embryos. Our multi‐omics data provide new insights into the dynamics of DNA methylation during the plant tissue culture and regenerated offspring plants. This study also reveals that induced hypomethylation (SRA) may facilitate the higher plant regeneration ability and optimize maternal genetic cultivar. 相似文献
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Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in cotton 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system characterized by rapid and continuous production of somatic embryos using leaf and stem explants
of abnormal seedling as an explant have been developed in Gossypium hirsutum L. Embryogenic callus and somatic embryos have been obtained directly from the explants of cotton abnormal seedlings. Plant
growth regulators influenced the induction of cotton somatic embryogenesis. The optimal medium for direct somatic embryogenesis
was modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 ZT and 2 g l-1 activated carbon. On this medium, an average of 28.0 and 28.1 matured somatic embryos formed from per leaf and stem explants
respectively. The highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis was 100%. The somatic embryos were converted into normal plantlets
when cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg l-1 ZT. Upon transfer to soil, plants grew well and appeared normal. Plants could be regenerated within 60–80 days. The system
of cotton somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration described here will facilitate the application of plant tissue culture
and genetic engineering on cotton genetic improvement.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
The biochemical mechanisms underlying thidiazuron (TDZ)-induced regeneration in plant cells have not been clearly elucidated.
Exposure of leaf explants of Echinacea purpurea to a medium containing TDZ results in undifferentiated cell proliferation and differentiated growth as mixed shoot organogenesis
and somatic embryogenesis. The current studies were undertaken to determine the potential roles of auxin, indoleamines, and
ion signaling in the dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of plant cells. E. purpurea leaf explants were found to contain auxin and the related indoleamine neurotransmitters, melatonin, and serotonin. The levels
of these endogenous indoleamines were increased by exposure to TDZ associated with the induction of regeneration. The auxin-transport
inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and auxin action inhibitor, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid decreased the TDZ-induced regeneration but increased concentrations of endogenous serotonin
and melatonin. As well, inhibitors of calcium and sodium transport significantly reduced TDZ-induced morphogenesis while increasing
endogenous indoleamine content. These data indicate that TDZ-induced regeneration is the manifestation of a metabolic cascade
that includes an initial signaling event, accumulation, and transport of endogenous plant signals such as auxin and melatonin,
a system of secondary messengers, and a concurrent stress response. 相似文献
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Wenting Liu Zongsuo Liang Changjuan Shan Frederic Marsolais Lining Tian 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2013,49(1):17-23
A genetic transformation method via secondary somatic embryogenesis was developed for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Mature somatic embryos of alfalfa were infected by Agrobacterium strain GV3101 containing the binary vector pCAMBIA2301. pCAMBIA2301 harbors the uidA Gus reporter gene and npt II acts as the selectable marker gene. Infected primary embryos were placed on SH2K medium containing plant growth regulators to induce cell dedifferentiation and embryogenesis under 75 mg/L kanamycin selection. The induced calli were transferred to plant medium free of plant growth regulators for embryo formation while maintaining selection. Somatic embryos germinated normally upon transfer to a germination medium. Plants were recovered and grown in a tissue culture room before transfer to a greenhouse. Histochemical analysis showed high levels of GUS activity in secondary somatic embryos and in different organs of plants recovered from secondary somatic embryos. The presence and stable integration of transgenes in recovered plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction using transgene-specific primers and Southern blot hybridization using the npt II gene probe. The average transformation efficiency achieved via secondary somatic embryogenesis was 15.2%. The selection for transformation throughout the cell dedifferentiation and embryogenic callus induction phases was very effective, and no regenerated plants escaped the selection procedure. Alfalfa transformation is usually achieved through somatic embryogenesis using different organs of developed plants. Use of somatic embryos as explants for transformation can avoid the plant development phase, providing a faster procedure for introduction of new traits and facilitates further engineering of previously transformed lines. 相似文献
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Inheritance of somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration from primary (type 1) callus in maize
M. R. Willman S. M. Schroll T. K. Hodges 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1989,25(1):95-100
Summary Genetic factors controlling the differential expression of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of maize from tissue
culture were studied in two crosses. Inbred, hybrid, F2 and backcross generations developed from crossing maize inbred A188
with two commercially important inbred maize lines (B73 and Mo17) demonstrated genetic and environmental effects on somatic
embryogenesis and plant regeneration when immature zygotic embryos were cultured on MS medium. Additive gene effects were
more important in both crosses than dominant gene effects for precent somatic embryogenesis and percent or number of plants
regenerated per embryo when generation means were analyzed. In backcross generations of each cross, cytoplasmic, maternal
and/or paternal effects were significant for frequency of somatic embryos three weeks after culture as well as frequency,
or number of plants regenerated per embryo, nine weeks after culture. Analysis of genetic variances suggests at least one
gene (or block of genes) controls the expression of the frequency of somatic embryogenesis in these crosses. Differences in
somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration between B73 and Mo17 are discussed.
This is Journal Paper No. 11,435 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
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Somatic embryogenesis plays a significant role in plant regeneration and requires complex cellular, molecular, and biochemical processes for embryo initiation and development associated with plant epigenetics. Epigenetic regulation encompasses many sensitive events and plays a vital role in gene expression through DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling, and small RNAs. Recently, regulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been recognized as the most promising occurrences during somatic embryogenesis in plants. A few reports demonstrated that the level of DNA methylation can alter in embryogenic cells under in vitro environments. Changes or modification in DNA methylation patterns is linked with regulatory mechanisms of various candidate marker genes, involved in the initiation and development of somatic embryogenesis in plants. This review summarizes the current scenario of the role of epigenetic mechanisms as candidate markers during somatic embryogenesis. It also delivers a comprehensive and systematic analysis of more recent discoveries on expression of embryogenic-regulating genes during somatic embryogenesis, epigenetic variation. Biotechnological applications of epigenetics as well as new opportunities or future perspectives in the development of somatic embryogenesis studies are covered. Further research on such strategies may serve as exciting interaction models of epigenetic regulation in plant embryogenesis and designing novel approaches for plant productivity and crop improvement at molecular levels. 相似文献
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This study introduces the construction of the first intraspacific genetic linkage map of the A-genome diploid cotton with newly developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers using 189 F2 plants derived from the cross of two Asiatic parents were detected using 6 092 pairs of SSR primers. Two-hundred and sixty-eight pairs of SSR pdmers with better polymorphisms were picked out to analyze the F2 population. In total, 320 polymorphic bands were generated and used to construct a linkage map with JoinMap3.0. Two-hundred and sixty-seven loci, Including three phenotypic traits were mapped at a logarithms of odds ratio (LOD) ≥ 3.0 on 13 linkage groups. The total length of the map was 2 508.71 cM, and the average distance between adjacent markers was 9.40 cM. Chromosome assignments were according to the association of linkages with our backbone tetraploid specific map using the 89 similar SSR loci. Comparisons among the 13 suites of orthologous linkage groups revealed that the A-genome chromosomes are largely collinear with the At and Dt sub-genome chromosomes. Chromosomes associated with inversions suggested that allopolyploidization was accompanied by homologous chromosomal rearrangement. The inter-chromosomal duplicated loci supply molecular evidence that the A-genome diploid Asiatic cotton is paleopolyploid. 相似文献
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K Sankara Rao 《Journal of biosciences》1996,21(6):827-841
The overall architectural pattern of the mature plant is established during embryogenesis. Very little is known about the
molecular processes that underlie embryo morphogenesis. Last decade has, nevertheless, seen a burst of information on the
subject. The synchronous somatic embryogenesis system of carrot is largely being used as the experimental system. Information
on the molecular regulation of embryogenesis obtained with carrot somatic embryos as well as observations on sandalwood embryogenic
system developed in our laboratory are summarized in this review. The basic experimental strategy of molecular analysis mostly
relied on a comparison between genes and proteins being expressed in embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells as well as in the
different stages of embryogenesis. Events such as expression of totipotency of cells and establishment of polarity which are
so critical for embryo development have been characterized using the strategy. Several genes have been identified and cloned
from the carrot system. These include sequences that encode certain extracellular proteins (EPs) that influence cell proliferation
and embryogenesis in specific ways and sequences of the abscisic acid (ABA) inducible late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins
which are most abundant and differentially expressed mRNAs in somatic embryos. That LEAs are expressed in the somatic embryos
of a tree flora also is evidenced from studies on sandalwood. Several undescribed or novel sequences that are enhanced in
embryos were identified. A sequence of this nature exists in sandalwood embryos was demonstrated using aCuscuta haustorial (organ-specific) cDNA probe. Somatic embryogenesis systems have been used to assess the expression of genes isolated
from non-embryogenic tissues. Particular attention has been focused on both cell cycle and histone genes 相似文献
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月季的植株再生及遗传转化研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文对近20年月季植株再生和转基因研究进展进行了较为系统的回顾和总结.月季通过器官和体细胞胚发生途径都能再生植株,但遗传转化主要是利用体细胞胚发生途径.通过农杆菌介导法和基因枪法,外源基因如报告基因、抗病基因和改变花色的基因等已转化成功.文章还对今后月季转基因研究的方向进行了讨论. 相似文献
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本文对近20年月季植株再生和转基因研究进展进行了较为系统的回顾和总结。月季通过器官和体细胞胚发生途径都能再生植株,但遗传转化主要是利用体细胞胚发生途径。通过农杆菌介导法和基因枪法,外源基因如报告基因、抗病基因和改变花色的基因等已转化成功。文章还对今后月季转基因研究的方向进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Expression of WUSCHEL in Coffea canephora causes ectopic morphogenesis and increases somatic embryogenesis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A. Arroyo-Herrera A. Ku Gonzalez R. Canche Moo F. R. Quiroz-Figueroa V. M. Loyola-Vargas L. C. Rodriguez-Zapata C. Burgeff D′Hondt V. M. Suárez-Solís E. Castaño 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(2):171-180
20.
Identification of a novel elite genotype for in vitro culture and genetic transformation of cotton 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hypocotyls of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars cv. YZ-1, Coker 312 and Coker 201 were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog callus induction medium. YZ-1 exhibited
a very high regeneration potential, with 81.9 % of the explants inoculated differentiated into embryogenic callus within 8–10
weeks. During the process of callus maintenance (subculture for 1 to 3 years), the total embryos number in Coker 312 and Coker
201 calli dropped sharply, and the percentage of embryo germination decreased. On the contrary, the callus of YZ-1 consistently
maintains a high frequency of plant regeneration after long-time subculture. Transgenic kanamycin-resistant calli of Coker
201 partially lost the ability of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. The stress produced by the transformation
procedure slightly affected somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of YZ-1, which showed minimum loss of plant regeneration
ability. 相似文献