叶酸受体介导的负载紫杉醇纳米药物输送系统的制备

目的:构建靶向肿瘤组织的药物输送系统,是解决目前临床肿瘤化疗问题的有效途径之一.我们拟开展叶酸受体介导的负载紫杉醇纳米药物输送系统的制备及其表征.方法:以丁二酰化肝素为载体,通过碳二亚胺法将叶酸和丁二酰化肝素连接,制备肝素-叶酸偶联物,然后通过物理方法将紫杉醇包裹在肝素-叶酸偶联物中,在水溶性条件下体系自组装成肝素-叶酸-紫杉醇纳米粒.应用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR),动态光散射(DLS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对构建的纳米药物结构进行表征,同时观测其在水溶性条件下的自组装行为.结果:成功制备了肝素-叶酸-紫杉醇纳米药物输送系统,检测表明药物系统带有8.5％(w/w)的叶酸并负载9.6％(w/w)的药物,SEM检测表明形成了球状的纳米颗粒,DLS表明粒子的粒径在了86 nm左右.结论:我们成功制备了叶酸受体介导的负载紫杉醇的纳米药物输送系统,在进一步开展的生物活性的检测中,希望通过叶酸受体的靶向作用,引导药物定向分布在肿瘤组织,从而提高化疗药物的治疗效果同时降低其对正常细胞的毒副作用,为开发新型靶向药物输送系统提供基础.     

脂质纳米粒子在药物中的应用

脂质纳米粒子是用生物可降解的脂质制备,故这种载体系统拥有很好的生物相容性和安全性。本文着重介绍脂质纳米粒子在药物中的应用,如抗肿瘤药物、抗病毒药物、抗炎症药物、免疫药物、抗真菌药物、降血糖药物等。最后,指出了脂质纳米粒子的发展前景。     

综述——纳米材料与药物输递：基于聚合物的环境敏感型纳米抗肿瘤药物传输系统的研究

环境敏感型聚合物纳米抗肿瘤药物传递系统能够响应外界环境的微小刺激,引起自身结构的变化,释放出药物,在肿瘤治疗方面具长效低毒、可控及高载药量等优势,已被广泛应用于生物医学领域．本文介绍了聚合物环境响应型纳米药物传输系统的发展近况,并从pH 值敏感型、温度敏感型、氧化还原敏感型、酶敏感型以及其他敏感型给药系统角度,阐述了环境敏感型药物传输系统在抗肿瘤领域的研究现状及未来展望．     

Introgen公司获得纳米粒子DDS专利独占权

美国Introgen公司2006年从得克萨斯大学的M．D．Anderson Cancer Center获得了与具有利用新型纳米粒子生物活性的蛋白质、多肽、肽的输送技术相关的一系列专利的独占权。通过动物模型研究表明，这项技术对人类的肺癌十分有效。纳米粒子的全身输送这项技术，可以适用于由具有生物活性的蛋白质所制造的各种分子。[第一段]     

pH敏感纳米药物载体在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究

pH敏感的纳米递药系统能有效利用其纳米尺寸以及敏感的连接键响应生物体内外不同的刺激,并通过在肿瘤部位选择性释药、增加药物的蓄积、减少药物在血液循环过程中的渗漏以及减轻毒副作用等方式提高药物生物利用度。根据肿瘤组织内不同的pH值构建多种刺激-响应型纳米载药系统是肿瘤治疗领域的发展趋势。本文综述了pH敏感的纳米药物载体在肿瘤治疗领域的研究与进展,以期为今后相关内容的深入研究提供借鉴。     

我科学家抗肿瘤化疗药物纳米载体研究获重大突破

2007年7月4日,国际著名学术期刊Journal of the National Cancer Institute发表了中科院生物物理所题为“磷脂-阿霉素自组装纳米胶束促进对肿瘤的渗透性”的研究论文。这一最新发现表明：聚乙二醇衍生化磷脂与抗肿瘤化疗药物．阿霉素可自组装形成纳米尺度的新型输送载体,     

碳包铁纳米粒子作为磁性靶向药物载体的物理性能研究

一种全新的磁靶向纳米药物载体——用直流碳弧法制备的碳包铁纳米粒子,它具有独特的纳米结构,在石墨碳层中完全包裹进铁纳米颗粒,实现在纳米碳包围中的纳米磁性粒子分散状态,其中的纳米碳具有大的比表面积和较高的化疗药物吸附量,达到每毫克吸附160μg的表阿霉素。铁纳米粒子磁场强,靶向效果好,有较佳的磁靶向发热效应,在动物病灶局部放置0.1g碳包铁纳米粒子将能使发热温度平均升到52℃;而将碳包铁纳米粒子均匀与猪肝混合也有明显的产热效果:含量0.4%碳包铁纳米粒子的一组猪肝能将温度升到42℃,而含量0.6%碳包铁纳米粒子的一组猪肝能将温度升到48℃。X射线衍射表明借助于碳的包裹,碳包铁纳米粒子有好的抗氧化性和稳定性。碳包铁纳米粒子有可能作为一种全新的磁性靶向药物载体用于癌症治疗。     

纳米粒子PCR研究进展

纳米粒子PCR作为纳米技术与生命科学交叉的成果备受关注,对于推动分子生物学技术发展具有重要的意义。详细介绍了纳米粒子PCR的最新研究进展、作用机理,以及纳米粒子PCR应用的具体方面。     

磁性氧化铁纳米药物载体的研究进展

近年来,磁性氧化铁靶向纳米载体作为载药系统引起了人们的关注。磁性靶向载药系统和靶向药物治疗的目的是药物载体载药后,在外部磁场的作用下直接靶向富集在肿瘤或病损组织,杀伤病损细胞,对人体无害或减少毒副作用。本文介绍了影响磁纳米颗粒在体内作用的设计参数,并总结了被广泛应用于氧化铁纳米颗粒的制备,表面修饰,功能化的方法及氧化铁纳米载体在靶向载药体系中的应用。     

磁性氧化铁纳米药物载体的研究进展

近年来,磁性氧化铁靶向纳米载体作为载药系统引起了人们的关注。磁性靶向载药系统和靶向药物治疗的目的是药物载体载药后,在外部磁场的作用下直接靶向富集在肿瘤或病损组织,杀伤病损细胞,对人体无害或减少毒副作用。本文介绍了影响磁纳米颗粒在体内作用的设计参数,并总结了被广泛应用于氧化铁纳米颗粒的制备,表面修饰,功能化的方法及氧化铁纳米载体在靶向载药体系中的应用。     

生物可降解聚合物纳米粒给药载体

生物可降解聚合物纳米粒用于给药载体具有广阔的前景。本文综述了生物可降解聚合物纳米粒给药载体领域的最新进展 :包括纳米粒表面修饰特性、药物释放、载多肽和蛋白质等生物大分子药物传输中的潜在应用。     

Inorganic Porous Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery in Antitumoral Therapy

The use of nanoparticles in oncology to deliver chemotherapeutic agents has received considerable attention in the last decades due to their tendency to be passively accumulated in solid tumors. Besides this remarkable property, the surface of these nanocarriers can be decorated with targeting moieties capable to recognize malignant cells which lead to selective nanoparticle uptake mainly in the diseased cells, without affecting the healthy ones. Among the different nanocarriers which have been developed with this purpose, inorganic porous nanomaterials constitute some of the most interesting due to their unique properties such as excellent cargo capacity, high biocompatibility and chemical, thermal and mechanical robustness, among others. Additionally, these materials can be engineered to present an exquisite control in the drug release behavior placing stimuli-responsive pore-blockers or sensitive hybrid coats on their surface. Herein, the recent advances developed in the use of porous inorganic nanomedicines will be described in order to provide an overview of their huge potential in the look out of an efficient and safe therapy against this complex disease. Porous inorganic nanoparticles have been designed to be accumulated in tumoral tissues; once there to recognize the target cell and finally, to release their payload in a controlled manner.     

新的药物传递系统:外泌体作为药物载体递送*

外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。     

新的药物传递系统:外泌体作为药物载体递送*

外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。     

高分子囊泡在药物释放体系的应用

高分子囊泡作为一种新型的纳米药物载体,具有生物可降解性、稳定性、生物相容性及可修饰的多功能化等特点。改变聚合物种类和亲水-疏水嵌段的比例,可以制备具有不同形态和膜特性的高分子囊泡。经过修饰后的高分子囊泡,可赋予其更多的功能,从而实现药物的控释和药物靶向的能力。对高分子囊泡的结构、组成和制备方法以及在药物释放体系的应用等方面进行了较为详细的综述,目的是了解高分子囊泡最新研究进展以及未来科学家们亟须解决的重要问题。     

Cochleates: New Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System

Abstract

Cochleates are a lipid-based tailored drug delivery system formed by the precipitation of a negatively charged lipid and a cation, for example phosphatidylserine and calcium. Hydrophobic, amphiphilic, negatively or positively charged moieties are suitable candidates to be delivered via cochleates. Various procedures have been developed allowing the control of cochleate particle size, including the trapping and hydrogel methods, which use either a direct addition or a slow diffusion of calcium into the negatively charged liposome/drug suspension. The efficacy of cochleates to encapsulate and deliver drugs was evaluated using amphotericin B as a model. Amphotericin B cochleates (CAMB) were compared to Fungizone® and AmBisome®, two commercially available AmB products. Parenterally, CAMB was given IP to ICR mice infected with Candida albicans. 100% survival was observed with low doses of CAMB (0.5 mg/kg/day, 10 days) compared to 60% for Fungizone, at the same dose. Tissue burden studies were conducted in parallel. Mice were treated daily from day 1 to day 7 post challenge and tissue burden assessed at day 8. In the kidneys, all three formulations were comparable in reducing colony counts. In the spleen, CAMB at 10 mg/kg/day was comparable to AmBisome given IV at the same dose. At 1 mg/kg/day, CAMB was more potent than Fungizone and AmBisome. Oral administration of CAMB in C57BL/6 mice, at 10 mg/kg results in high levels of AmB in target tissues. Multiple daily doses (10) showed accumulation of AmB in key tissues (liver, lungs, spleen, and kidneys) and AmB tissue concentrations are raised to therapeutic levels. Orally administered CAMB are highly effective against fungal infections in mice at very low doses. Balb/C mice were infected with Candida albicans and were given oral CAMB as a daily dose for 15 days. Comparison was done to AmBisome given orally at 10 mg/kg and Fungizone IP. 100% survival was obtained with CAMB at doses as low as 0.5 mg/kg/day (15 days). CAMB eradicate Candida from lungs when given at 2.5 mg/kg/day and was comparable to Fungizone given IP at almost the same dose (2 mg/kg/day). The comparison between CAMB and AmBisome shows that oral CAMB is 10 times more effective than oral AmBisome in reducing colony counts in both kidneys and lungs. Orally administered CAMB were non-toxic even at the highest dose of 50 mg/kg/day (14 days). This was demontrated by 100% survival of the animals and normal histopathology analysis. No lesions in the kidneys, GI tract, lungs, liver and spleen was observed despite the substantial amount of AmB in these organs. AmB cochleate promise to be a safe, broad spectrum, effective and orally available, antifungal formulation.     

Preparation and Evaluation of Miconazole Nitrate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Delivery

The purpose of this study was to prepare miconazole nitrate (MN) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MN-SLN) effective for topical delivery of miconazole nitrate. Compritol 888 ATO as lipid, propylene glycol (PG) to increase drug solubility in lipid, tween 80, and glyceryl monostearate were used as the surfactants to stabilize SLN dispersion in the SLN preparation using hot homogenization method. SLN dispersions exhibited average size between 244 and 766 nm. All the dispersions had high entrapment efficiency ranging from 80% to 100%. The MN-SLN dispersion which showed good stability for a period of 1 month was selected. This MN-SLN was characterized for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and X-ray diffraction. The penetration of miconazole nitrate from the gel formulated using selected MN-SLN dispersion as into cadaver skins was evaluated ex-vivo using franz diffusion cell. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that MN was dispersed in SLN in an amorphous state. The MN-SLN formulations could significantly increase the accumulative uptake of MN in skin over the marketed gel and showed a significantly enhanced skin targeting effect. These results indicate that the studied MN-SLN formulation with skin targeting may be a promising carrier for topical delivery of miconazole nitrate.     

纳米金-聚乙烯亚胺基因载体的制备

目的:基因方法治疗癌症近年来取得了很大的突破,因此基因载体的构建显得尤为重要.其中纳米基因载体合成简单,成本低廉,并能够包裹、浓缩、保护核苷酸使其免受核酸酶降解,因此纳米材料广泛地应用于基因输送.我们拟开展聚乙烯亚胺-纳米金基因载体的制备及其表征.方法:采用层层包裹技术制备基因载体,首先通过柠檬酸钠还原法制备纳米金颗粒后,应用11-巯基十一烷酸对金颗粒进行修饰,使其表面带有羧基,然后进一步将带有氨基的低分子量聚乙烯亚胺与羧基进行连接.应用动态光散射(DLS),紫外可见光谱(UV)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对构建的纳米基因载体进行表征.结果:成功制备了聚乙烯亚胺-纳米金基因载体,检测表明每一步制备出的产物纳米尺寸在20-30nm之间,液体均匀稳定,分散系数(PDI)在0.2以下,Zeta电位测定表明,每步的产物电荷变化与外层包裹的反应物有关.尽管金颗粒外层包裹聚乙烯亚胺,但是总体上纳米载体尺寸没有发生太大的变化,TEM检测表明每一步形成了均匀的、单分散的、球状的纳米颗粒.结论:我们通过层层包裹技术成功制备了聚乙烯亚胺-纳米金基因载体,在进一步开展的生物活性的检测中,希望通过纳米载体的携带作用,将基因转染进靶细胞,从而检测相关基因对靶细胞的沉默作用,提高基因药物的应用,为开发新型基因药物提供基础.     

维生素E自微乳化给药系统的制备

目的:研究维生素E自微乳的制备工艺.方法:考察了维生素E在不同油、乳化剂、助乳化剂中的溶解情况,筛选油相、乳化剂和助乳化剂.以假三角相图中形成微乳的面积为指标,采用正交设计表对处方进行优化,确定维生素E自乳化给药系统的最佳处方.结果:微乳最佳处方:油酸乙酯:Tween-80:丙二醇的比例为3:4:3.结论:该处方自乳化区域大,自微乳化速率快,所形成的乳剂稳定.     

介孔碳纳米材料的制备及其在药物传递方面的应用进展

新型功能性纳米材料在设计和制备技术方面的进步为纳米医学的发展提供了很大的机遇。在过去十年中,介孔碳纳米材料在制备和应用方面获得了巨大的进步。作为一种新型无机材料体系,介孔碳纳米材料结合了介孔的结构以及碳质组成的特点,显示出不同于传统介孔二氧化硅以及其它一些碳基材料体系(碳纳米管、石墨烯、富勒烯等)的优越特性。介孔碳纳米材料在药物的吸附与控释、光热治疗、协同治疗、肿瘤细胞的荧光标记、催化、生物传感、生物大分子的分离等诸多领域表现出其他多孔材料难以达到的优越性和应用潜力。本文对介孔碳纳米材料的制备和修饰技术进行介绍,重点关注介孔碳纳米颗粒在药物负载和光热控释方面的应用,最后对介孔碳纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用前景和所面临的关键问题进行讨论。