胃癌神经内分泌细胞免疫细胞化学的研究

９６例胃癌应用铬粒素抗体免疫细胞化学法发现３８例（３９．６％）肿瘤含有神经内分泌细胞（ＮＥ细胞）;呈激素阳性者：血清素５例,生长抑素５例,胰多肽５例,胰高血糖素５例,胃泌素３例,ＡＣＴＨ６例。结果显示：ＮＥ细胞发现率及细胞数量在低分化癌中明显高于高、中分化癌;异位激素──ＡＣＴＨ阳性细胞数量在低分化癌也明显多于高、中分化癌;本位激素阳性细胞在ＮＥ细胞中的比例在非肿瘤性粘膜中明显高于癌组织,在原发肿瘤明显高于转移灶,在正常粘膜又明显高于癌旁粘膜。根据上述结果,对ＮＥ细胞的发现率、方法学及其激素产物进行了讨论。     

氢化可的松诱导特发性血小板减少性紫癜淋巴细胞凋亡和增殖抑制

探讨氢化可的松对儿童急性特发性血小板减少性紫癜（AITP）外周血淋巴细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,对12例确诊的儿童AITP外周血淋巴细胞进行体外培养,用流式细胞术观察糖皮质激素处理后外周血淋巴细胞凋亡数量的变化,并用Wst-1（四氮唑盐）测定代表增殖的活细胞数。结果显示,激素处理组淋巴细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组,而活细胞数则明显低于对照组;激素处理后的外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组,而活细胞数则明显低于对照组;激素处理后的外周血淋巴细胞凋亡率也明显高于处理前和正常对照组,均具有显性差异。结果表明,氢化可的松具有明显的诱导淋巴细胞凋亡和增殖抑制作用,说明糖皮质激素可通过诱导AITP外血淋巴细胞凋亡和增殖抑制发探治疗作用。     

大鼠卵巢促黄体激素受体膜外微区（1—341）在昆虫细胞中的表达…

促黄体激素／人绒毛膜促性腺激素受体（ＬＨ／ｈＣＧ ｒｅｃｅｐｔｏｒ）Ｎ端膜外微区３４１个氨基酸残基（简称Ｒ３４１）与激素有很高的亲和力。本文报道编码Ｒ３４１的ｃＤＮＡ在昆虫细胞中的表达及其产物性质的初步研究。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ银染及其产物性质的初步研究。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ银染和免疫印迹结果显示,表达产物呈两条带：分子量为３８．５Ｋｄ的主带和分子量为４０．０Ｋｄ的次带。配基结合免疫印迹和１２５Ｉ－ｈＣＧ     

腺苷对豚鼠蜗内直流电位的影响

用外淋巴灌流给药方法,观察了腺苷及其摄取抑制剂对嘧啶氨醇、以及腺苷受体拮抗剂茶碱对豚鼠蜗内直流电位（ＥＰ）的影响,并进行了耳蜗组织学观察。发现腺苷对ＥＰ有明显压抑作用,氧法观察负ＥＰ（Ｎ－ＥＰ）无明显改变;灌流双嘧啶氨醇,增加内源性腺苷,出现相似变化;灌流茶碱则使ＥＰ升高。本文讨论了腺苷对ＥＰ可能作用机制。     

玉米雌、雄穗与叶片内几种激素含量的比较

以甜玉米为材料,采用扫描电镜观察雌、雄花序发育过程,并用ＥＬＩＳＡ 和ＨＰＬＣ 检测雌、雄花序发育过程中内源激素（ｉＰＡｓ 、ＺＲｓ、ＤＨＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ３） 和内源玉米赤霉烯酮（ｚｅａｒａｌｅｎｏｎｅ, ＺＥＮ） 含量,分析激素含量变化与玉米性别决定的关系。结果表明：玉米花序经过了无性、双性到单性的发育过程,在茎尖伸长和小穗原基突起时期,雄花序中内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量最高并高于雌花序;在玉米性别决定的关键时期,即花器官原基突起到雌、雄性器官选择退化阶段,雄花序中ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ 和ＺＥＮ 含量明显增加并高于雌花序,此时在两种花序中的ＧＡ３ 含量差异不明显。正常果穗上、中、下不同部位果穗内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量无明显差异,顶端小穗雄性化的果穗顶部内源ｉＰＡｓ、ＺＲｓ、ＺＴ、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 含量急剧增加。这些结果说明高水平的细胞分裂素、ＧＡ３ 和ＺＥＮ 可能有利于玉米雄性器官的发育。     

氮对苹果幼树水分利用效率的影响

以２年生盆栽新红星／平邑甜茶苹果树为试材,初步探讨了土壤不同水分状况下氮肥对植株水分利用效率（ＷＵＥ）及有关参数的影响,结果表明,充足供水时,随施Ｎ量的增加,植株ＷＵＥ降低,施Ｎ导致气孔导率（Ｇｓ）增大,对蒸腾（Ｔｒ）的提高幅度大于光合（Ｐｎ）;供水不足时,施Ｎ植株的ＷＵＥ明显高于对照,不同施Ｎ水平的ＷＵＥ表现为：高Ｎ〉中Ｎ〉低Ｎ,ＷＵＥ改善是由于叶肉羧化能力提高,导致光合增强。     

青心酮对妊娠高血压综合征胎盘血管内皮和平滑肌细胞内一氧化氮合酶的影响

本文对正常孕妇、妊娠高血压综合征（ＰＩＨ）患者和经青心酮（ＤＨＡＰ）治疗的ＰＩＨ患者等共２４例,应用组织化学分析方法观察胎盘血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）和平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）内一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性的变化。结果表明：正常孕妇胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性较高;ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内ＮＯＳ活性明显减弱,并伴有组织和细胞的形态学损伤;经ＤＨＡＰ治疗后的ＰＩＨ胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞ＮＯＳ活性较未经ＤＨＡＰ治疗者明显增加,其组织和细胞损伤也减轻。本研究结果提示胎盘内ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ细胞的ＮＯＳ减少可能与ＰＩＨ的发生和／或发展有关,青心酮治疗ＰＩＨ的作用可能与ＤＨＡＰ促进胎盘ＶＥＣ和ＶＳＭＣ内一氧化氮（ＮＯ）合成有关。     

人胚胎视网膜神经元的分化──神经元特异性烯醇酶的免疫组化研究

本文应用免疫组织化学光、电镜技术,研究了２５０例人胚胎视网膜神经元中神经元特异性烯醇酶（ＮＳＥ）的出现和分布规律。结果发现早在第６周节细胞即呈ＮＳＥ阳性,表明分化已经开始。第８～１４周,无长实细胞,视锥细胞和水平细胞相继呈ＮＳＥ阳性,而双极细胞和视杆细胞至第２０周才出现明显的ＮＳＥ阳性反应。ＮＳＥ弥散分布于神经元胞体和突起的胞质中。伴随胚胎发育成熟,神经元ＮＳＥ含量逐渐增多。不同神经元的ＮＳＥ含量不同,同一时期同一类型神经元的ＮＳＥ含量也不同,提示神经元存在结构和功能的亚型。文中讨论了ＮＳＥ作为视网膜神经元分化标志的意义,对一些传统观点提出了新的见解。     

HSV—tk／NAS系统基因治疗脑肿瘤中野生型腺病毒的检测及其安全性

在腺病毒介导的ＨＳＶ－ｔｋ／ＮＡＳ系统脑肿瘤基因治疗研究过程中,建立了野生型腺病毒（ＲＣＡ）的检测系统,主要包括腺病毒Ｅ１区的ＰＣＲ以及野生型病毒的细胞病理效应观察这两种方法,ＰＣＲ的灵敏度为１个２９３细胞所含有的Ｅ１片段数。对基因治疗脑肿瘤所采用的重组腺病毒ＡｄＴＫ及其感染的细胞进行ＲＣＡ的检测,没有发现ＲＣＡ。通过离体实验首次发现,重组腺病毒对脑肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用明显高于正常的脑胶质细胞;大鼠     

雌激素受体、环氧化酶-2在卵巢癌患者中的表达及临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨雌激素受体（ER）、环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在卵巢癌患者中的表达及临床意义。方法：选取经病理手术确诊的120例患者的石蜡卵巢组织切片标本,其中卵巢癌54例,卵巢良性肿瘤66例。采用免疫组化检测ER、COX-2的表达情况。结果：ER和COX-2在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达率明显高于良性卵巢肿瘤组织（P＜0.05）。Ⅳ期卵巢癌组织中ER阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ期（P＜0.05）,其余病理分期比较无差异（P>0.05）;不同病理分期的COX-2阳性表达率比较无差异（P>0.05）。不同组织学分级卵巢癌组织中ER阳性表达率组组比较均无差异（P>0.05）。Ⅱ级卵巢癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率明显高于Ⅰ级（P<0.05）,其余病理分级比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）。伴有转移卵巢癌组织中ER阳性表达率明显高于无转移（P<0.05）;伴有转移卵巢癌组织中COX-2阳性表达率与无转移比较无统计学意义（P>0.05）;伴有转移卵巢癌组织中ER、COX-2表达免疫组织化学评分法（IHS）评分均高于无转移（P＜0.05）。结论：ER和COX-2在卵巢癌组织和卵巢良性肿瘤组织中的表达逐渐上调,且在卵巢癌组织的表达高于卵巢良性肿瘤组织;ER的表达与卵巢癌病理分期和转移相关,COX-2与组织学分级相关,二者对卵巢癌病情的预测具有互补性,可作为生物学指标,对卵巢癌恶性程度进行判断评估。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.