武夷山甜槠林细根生物量和生长量研究

对武夷山甜槠林细根生物量和生长量的季节动态及其在不同群落发育阶段下的变化进行了初步研究,并对细根在养分归还中的作用进行了分析．结果表明,甜槠成熟林细根生物量为１０．６４５ｔ·ｈｍ－２,生长量为７．３７１５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,分解量为４．６７７５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,年周转率０．６９次;细根生物量和生长量随林龄增长的变化模式为单峰型曲线,生物量至３４龄时达到最大值,生长量至群落郁闭阶段（５８龄）达到最大值;甜槠成熟林中,通过细根死亡的Ｎ素归还量占群落年归还总量的４９．５％,多于凋落物途径,Ｐ、Ｍｇ归还量所占比例为４２．３％和２８．９％,略低于凋落物途径;Ｋ、Ｃａ归还以降水淋溶为主,其次是凋落物途径,而细根途径仅占总归还量的１９．３％和９．２％．     

宝天曼自然保护区栓皮栎林生物量和净生产力研究

对河南内乡宝天曼自然保护区４５年生天然次生栓皮栎林的生物量和净生产力的研究表明,栓皮栎林生物量为１６７．６４１７ｔ·ｈｍ－２,其中乔木层为１５８．８３８２ｔ·ｈｍ－２,占总量的９４．７５％;该林净生产力为８．４８８０ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,其中乔木层为７．９２５４ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,生物量平均相对生长速率为０．０４１．灌木层的生物量和净生产力分别为０．０６９４和０．０４５６ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１;而草本层的分别为０．１０４１和０．０９０８ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１．凋落物现存量为８．６３ｔ·ｈｍ－２,凋落物量为５．０３９５ｔ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,分别占总量的５．１５％及５９．３７％．净生产量与叶面积指数、叶量成正比关系,而与叶效率呈负相关关系．     

草原土壤N2O释放及全球变暖影响下土壤养分变化的反馈效应

对草原土壤Ｎ２Ｏ释放及其受全球变暖土壤养分变化的影响研究表明,以沼泽泥炭土Ｎ２Ｏ释放量最大,生长季节为１３～１２．２ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,其次灰壤土,为１．５～２．４ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,酸性棕壤最小,为０～３．２ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１;Ｎ２Ｏ的释放层灰壤土在０～５ｃｍ,其它２种土壤为０～１０ｃｍ;施肥试验表明,Ｎ、Ｐ肥在生长季节对土壤Ｎ２Ｏ释放量影响不显著,但在生长季末期,Ｎ肥对酸性棕壤及灰壤土Ｎ２Ｏ影响显著,施肥后第３天酸性棕壤由对照的１．３提高到４４．２ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,灰壤土则由对照的１．９提高到３１．１ｋｇＮ·ｈｍ－２·ａ－１,说明全球变暖对土壤有机质分解的影响不会诱发Ｎ２Ｏ释放量的大幅度增加．     

三化螟危害损失与防治指标的研究

２代三化螟平均每块卵为害 １１．２５个枯心丛,３４．７５个枯心株; ３代每块卵平均为害 ７．９５个白穗丛,１４．５５个白穗株。模拟为害与水稻产量损失的关系：２代Ｙ＝ｓ８０６０．５－２１８１．５Ｘ,Ｙ－水稻产量（ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）,Ｘ－枯心株率,水稻耐害补偿作用明显,枯心株率与产量损失率之比１：０．２７;３代Ｙ＝７６５４．２－３９０２．２Ｘ,Ｙ－水稻产量（ｋｇ／ｈｍ２）,Ｘ－白穗株率,水稻表现一定的耐害补偿能力,白穗株率与产量损失率之比１：０．５１。三化螟危害允许水平１．２８％。防治指标：２代卵块４８７５万块／ｈｍ２,３代卵块６５１９块／ｈｍ２。     

鼎湖山亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的生物量和光能利用效率

报道鼎湖山自然保护区黄果厚壳桂群落的生物量、生产力和光能利用效率。根据群落的种类成分和结构特征,分层选主要树种,用样本收获法和红外线ＣＯ２气体分析法,测定了群落的生物量、光合速率和呼吸速率,计算了群落的生产力和光能利用效率．结果表明,群落的生物量为２０８ｔ·ｈｍ－２;总生产力为１２８７０４ｋＪ·ｍ－３·ａ－１,净生产力为３０４５１ｋＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１;由总生产力计算光合有效辐射能的吸收利用率为９,６６％,净生产力的利用率为２．２８６％,并与厚壳桂群落作比较,阐明了南亚热带森林群落的生产潜力．     

鹤山南亚热带草坡生态系统的生物量和生产力研究

以能量利用效率研究为中心,系统研究并分析了鹤山南亚热带草坡多年的光合作用与总第一性生产力、生物量与生物量增量、气候生产力模型和能量利用效率等能量学特征。草坡的总生物量为１１．３０ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,其生物量增量为１．３９８ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１;草坡的总第一性生产力为４５．５４ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,净第一性生产力为９．１０８ｔ·（ｈｍ）－２·ａ－１,用于净光合作用耗热１０５．５ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,净光合耗热中又仅有２１．１ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１,用于净第一性生产力,净第一性生产力中又仅有３．２４ＭＪ·ｍ－２·ａ－１用于生物量增量;草坡生态系统的光能利用效率为０．０７％。草坡的能量利用效率是很低的     

长喙田菁-Azorhizobium caulinodans共生固氮体系在华南地区的生长、结瘤、固氮和种子生产

研究了长喙田菁－Ａｚｏｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｍｃａｕｌｉｎｏｄａｎｓ共生固氮体系在华南地区的生长、结瘤、固氮和种子生产．结果表明,长喙田菁－Ａ．ｃａｕｌｉｎｏｄａｎｓ共生固氮体系在华南地区生长正常,并具旺盛的茎根瘤结瘤作用．经６５天的生长,其在湛江地区的单位面积生物量（干物质）和单位面积Ｎ产量分别为２８７５２和６８１ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,远优于普通田菁的１６５２０和３５２ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２;茎瘤菌Ａ．ｃａｕｌｉｎｏｄａｎｓ品系ＡＲ１１１和ＡＲ５６在华南地区混合接种效果良好,植株茎瘤结瘤率达到１００％,平均单株茎瘤个数为１８２个,单株茎瘤鲜重约为１．２ｇ,茎瘤生物量在茎根瘤总生物量中所占比重为７０％,而其根瘤生物量略高于普通田菁;长喙田菁在华南地区能够正常开花结实,在栽植密度为４×１０４株·ｈｍ－２的条件下,其种子产量达３２００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２．     

不同质地土壤的水热状况及其对冬小麦产量形成的影响

对豫东平原３种质地土壤的水热状况和冬小麦籽粒生长特征进行了研究．结果表明,冬小麦籽粒生长阶段,粘壤土５ｃｍ处的日平均温度最低,为１８．３℃,砂壤土最高,为１９．５℃,中壤居中,为１９．１℃．３种土壤的含水量大小顺序为粘壤＞中壤＞砂壤,粘壤土上小麦籽粒灌浆时间最长,千粒重最高,分别为３８ｄ和４５．５ｇ,砂壤土小麦籽粒灌浆时间最短,千粒重最低,分别为３３ｄ和４２．４ｇ,中壤土小麦２项指标居中,分别为３６ｄ和４３．１ｇ．高产栽培条件下,粘壤土冬小麦产量最高,为８２５３ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,中壤次之,为７９８０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,砂壤最低,为７６１７ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２     

对虾的不同发育阶段对有机磷农药的敏感性及其机理初探

对硫磷、甲基异柳磷和久效磷对中国对虾无节幼虫、蚤状幼虫、糠虾幼虫、仔虾的２４ｈＬＣ５０分别为６．０、４．０、３．８、１８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;８．０、３．５、３．５、３０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;２４、２４、２４、０．９ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;敌敌畏均为４８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;对硫磷对南美白对虾为８．６、８．２、８．０、２．０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．研究结果表明,对虾的幼虫前期对硫代磷酸酯类农药的抗性强,仔虾及以后各期抗性弱,而各幼虫期对磷酸酯类农药的敏感性基本相同．     

稻鱼鸭复合生态经济效益的初步研究

试验表明．稻鱼鸭种养共生,水稻增产 １０％以上,同时增收鲜鱼 １０３６．５ ｋｇ· ｈｍ－２,成鸭２３８．９～４８９．３ ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２;水稻土壤全Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和有机质含量分别增加２７．９、 ４４． ３、６． ５和 ２８． ２％,提高了土壤肥力;水稻植株虫口量最少．稻鱼鸭共生大大提高了稻田 的产出和效益．属良性循环的高效复合生态农业．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.