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1.
    
An ex-situ experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of six medicinal species (Bergenia ciliata, Valeriana jatamansi, Dioscorea deltoidea, Paeonia emodi, Polygonum amplexicaule and Viola serpense) from upper Swat , Pakistan . Experiments were conducted at four different locations in the upper Swat valley at altitudes ranging from1200 to 1900 m. a. s. l . The objectives were : 1) to determine the suitability of ex-situ cultivation of different medicinal species, and; 2) to assess the economic geasibility of growing medicinal plants in the area . A highest mean survival of 80.7% across all locations was observed for Viola serpense, followed by 58.7% for Valeriana jatamansi. The remaining four species exhibited very poor survival rates , although Polygonum amplexicaule, did show encouraging signs of growth and flowered , before experiencing high mortality rates late in the trial . Altitude generally seemed to enhance the degree of sprouting for all species except Viola serpense. However, the productive yield of V. serpense was certainly not reduced, but rather slightly enhanced in the higher altitude sites. Overall, cultivation of only two of the investigated species, Valeriana jatamansi and Viola serpense, appearedsuccessful and potentially economically viable under farmland conditions at upper Swat .  相似文献   

2.
从海南热带植物园采集12种药用植物的根际土样,采用选择性分离方法,分离得到400株根际放线菌。使用5种活性筛选模型对分离菌株进行生物活性评价,154株放线菌在一个或多个活性筛选模型中显示为阳性,菌株初筛阳性率达38.5%;根据菌株形态特征并结合代谢产物的生物活性,从中挑选出28株菌进行16S rRNA基因序列分析,发现其分属于链霉菌属、诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属和野野村菌属。  相似文献   

3.
药用植物功能基因   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
药用植物功能基因研究是药用植物基因研究中最活跃的领域。以药用植物功能基因在GenBank中注册的统计数据为基础 ,介绍了药用植物功能基因研究的最新进展。注册的功能基因涉及 32属 42种药用植物。统计数据包括 :自 1 992年至 2 0 0 3年 (前 9个月 )每年注册基因总数、基因注册数最多的 1 6种主要的药用植物以及在药用植物功能基因研究方面比较活跃的 1 4个国家。还重点报道了植物功能基因专利注册情况、黄酮类化合物与紫杉醇生物合成基因研究进展以及植物P45 0基因研究现状 ,对药用植物生物合成功能基因研究的发展趋势进行了探讨。  相似文献   

4.
范黎 《微生物学通报》2016,43(7):1660-1660
正细菌是世界上已知分布最广的生命体,可引起人体疾病,临床主要采用抗生素进行治疗,与此同时,抗生素的广泛应用也导致细菌产生耐药性,进而阻滞对其引起的感染性疾病的治疗。因此,人们渴望获得更多新型、疗效更为显著的抗菌药物。植物内生真菌是一个特殊的真菌类群,据估计约有一百万至数百万种内生真菌存活于维管植物细胞内或细胞间[1]。研究表明,内生真菌代谢产物类型与其宿主植物息息相关,  相似文献   

5.
    
  • Secretory structures are common in Asteraceae, where they exhibit a high degree of morphological diversity. The species Verbesina macrophylla, popularly known as assa‐peixe, is native to Brazil where it is widely used for medicinal purposes. Despite its potential medical importance, there have been no studies of the anatomy of this species, especially its secretory structures and secreted compounds. This study examined leaves of V. macrophylla with emphasis on secretory structures and secreted secondary metabolites.
  • Development of secretory ducts and the mechanism of secretion production are described for V. macrophylla using ultrastructure, yield and chemical composition of its essential oils.
  • Verbesina macrophylla has a hypostomatic leaf blade with dorsiventral mesophyll and secretory ducts associated with vascular bundles of schizogenous origin. Histochemistry identified the presence of lipids, terpenes, alkaloids and mucopolysaccharides. Ultrastructure suggests that the secretion released into the duct lumen is produced in plastids of transfer cells, parenchymal sheath cells and stored in vacuoles in these cells and duct epithelial cells. The essential oil content was 0.8%, and its major components were germacrene D, germacrene D‐4‐ol, β‐caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene and α‐cadinol.
  • Secretory ducts of V. macrophylla are squizogenous. Substances identified in tissues suggest that both secretions stored in the ducts and in adjacent parenchyma cells are involved in chemical defence. The essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenes, with germacrene D and its derivatives being notable components.
  相似文献   

6.
药用植物基因工程的研究进展   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11       下载免费PDF全文
从农杆菌诱导的转基因器官的培养,模式基因工程,目的基因的遗传转化等方面概述了药用植物基因工程研究及应用中的最新进展,并展望了今后发展的方向及前景。  相似文献   

7.
山东地区药用植物染色体数目的观察(Ⅲ)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对17科35种药用植物体细胞染色体作了计数,并就有关的细胞学和分类学问题略作了讨论。  相似文献   

8.
    
The genus Fritillaria embraces up to 165 taxa in the family Liliaceae, most of which are of high medicinal and ornamental value and importance. In this study, 44 specimens of the genus representing 9 species were collected from their natural habitats located in 10 provinces of Iran. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear ribosomal cistron and the trnL-trnF regions. The phylogeny was constructed using the neighbor joining inference method. Results indicate that the examined samples were evidently diverged into 2 distinct clades. Members of the subgenera Fritillaria and Rhinopetalum formed one clade while the other clade contained the subgenera Theresia and Petilium. There can be seen a high degree of similarity between the only yellow-colored crown imperial specimen and the red-colored specimens. The endemic species of Fritillaria straussii, Fritillaria zagrica and Fritillaria kotschyana which their status within the subgenera known in the genus Fritillaria has been remained undefined, fell into the subgenus Fritillaria. The clades also had relatively reasonable distribution patterns based on the genetic structure, geographical conditions and climate specifications. This study revealed the feasibility of the ITS and trnL-trnF DNA sequence for phylogeny of the genus Fritillaria. This is the first phylogenetic analysis of Fritillaria spp. in Iran.  相似文献   

9.
概述了江苏省有分布或栽培的木本药用植物资源,其中对主要种类20种的分布及药用功效进行了详细介绍,对其他木本药用植物的分布进行了简单的概述。近年来,越来越多的药用木本植物成为国内外研究者研究的重点对象。建议本省中医药工作者重视木本药用植物的药用价值的研究与开发。  相似文献   

10.
青藏高原几种典型高山植物的光合特性比较   总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31       下载免费PDF全文
选用西宁地区人工栽培的高山植物唐古特大黄(Rheum tanguticum)、山莨菪(Anisodus tanguticus)和麻花艽(Gentiana straminea),比较了3种高山植物之间光合作用的光响应和CO2响应特性,叶片光合色素以及UV-B吸收物质的差异;并以低海拔植物菘蓝(Isatis indigotica)为对比,分析了高山植物与低海拔植物的差异。结果表明:与低海拔植物菘蓝相比,3种高山植物光合作用的表观量子效率(AQY)都偏低;唐古特大黄叶片的AQY、羧化效率(CE)和光呼吸速率(Rp)都很低,净光合速率(Pn)的光响应曲线在全日照光辐射范围内并没有达到完全饱和,这与单位面积叶片具有较高的光合色素以及UV-B吸收物质有关;麻花艽植物与唐古特大黄一样,具有较高的UV-B吸收物质和光合色素含量,但其Rp较高,加之Pn受气孔限制较为明显,故其光合作用的饱和光强很低,Pn相对于其它3种植物也较低;山莨菪与低海拔植物菘蓝的光合特性很相似,都具有较高的AQYCE。这些结果表明,3种高山植物的光合特性有较大差异,但并没有一致的相对于低海拔植物的共性。4种植物Pn的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)响应曲线在CO2饱和点以后都表现为无机磷(Pi)再生限制,其Rp的变化与CO2饱和点以后的最大Pn的变化基本一致。  相似文献   

11.
IntroductionMan has long been using various plants to cure diseases and to provide relief fromhealth prob-lems.Primitive peoples fromall ages and in all locations had knowledge of medicinal plants,whichthey acquiredthroughlong experience of trial and error.The knowledge is still alive,for many plantsare still used in herbal remedies and in indigenous medicine systems all over the world(Khan,1985).A medicinal plant is any plant that contains chemical substances in one or more of its parts(root…  相似文献   

12.
山海螺的化学成分研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从药用植物册海螺(Codonopsis Ianceolata)中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为:莽草酸(shikimic acid)⑴、顺丁烯二酸(succinic acid)⑵、丁香脂素(syringars8inol)⑶、鸢尾甙(tectoridin)⑷、化合物1-4均为首次从该植物分得。  相似文献   

13.
《Microbiological research》2014,169(4):294-300
The effectiveness of aqueous extracts of various medicinal plants in detoxification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was tested in vitro by thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Among the different plant extracts, the leaf extract of Vasaka (Adhatoda vasica Nees) showed the maximum degradation of AFB1 (≥98%) after incubation for 24 h at 37 °C. The aflatoxin detoxifying activity of the A. vasica leaf extract was significantly reduced by heating to 100 °C for 10 min or autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. Dialysis had no effect on aflatoxin detoxifying ability of A. vasica extract and the dialyzed extract showed similar level of detoxification of AFB1 as that of the untreated extract. A time course study of aflatoxin detoxification by A. vasica extract showed that 69% of the toxin was degraded within 6 h and ≥95% degradation was observed after 24 h of incubation. Detoxification of AFB1 by A. vasica extract was further confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids in methanolic extract of A. vasica leaves. A partially purified alkaloid from A. vasica leaves by preparative TLC exhibited strong AFB1 detoxification activity.  相似文献   

14.
七种药用植物的染色体研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
杨德奎  周俊英   《广西植物》1998,18(2):115-118
对山东7种药用植物的染色体进行了研究。结果表明:田旋花(ConvolvulusarvensisL)的染色体数目为2n=78;蜜柑草(PhylanthusmatsumuraeHavata)的染色体数目为n=88;挂红灯(PhysalisalkekengiLvarfrancheti(Mast)Makino)的染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式为K(2n)=24=2m+18sm+2st+2st(sat),核型“2A”型;无剌曼陀罗(DaturastramoniumLvarinermis(Jacq)SchinzetThel)的染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式为K(2n)=24=20m+4sm,核型“1B”型;决明(CasiatoraL)的染色体数目为2n=26,核型公式为K(2n)=26=24m+2sm,核型“1A”型;荔枝草(SalviaplebeiaRBr)的染色体数目为2n=16,核型公式为K(2n)=16=6m+10sm,核型“2A”型;车前(PlantagoasiaticaL)的染色体数目为2n=36,核型公式为K(2n)=36=32m+4sm,核型“1A”型。  相似文献   

15.
目的:调查研究四川沙湾区的药用植物资源,全面掌握沙湾区重点中药资源的分布以及利用现状。方法:通过野外调查和内业整理以及文献查阅工作,重新明确该地区现有的重点药用植物。结果:沙湾区内药用植物有135科527种,重点药用植物100种,其中沙湾区国家Ⅰ级野生保护植物有1种,Ⅱ级野生保护植物10种,Ⅲ级野生保护植物6种;2015年版中国药典收载的基原植物有85种,人工栽培药用植物有23种。结论:沙湾区中药资源较为丰富但利用率低,其中药材产业发展具有较大潜力,此次调查结果为沙湾区中药资源的中药材产业化发展提供新的基础数据与方向。  相似文献   

16.
    
In the present study, essential oil (EO) content and phytochemical variation were evaluated in the fruits of 10 Iranian Capparis spinosa accessions. The accessions were collected from their natural habitats of Iran and grown together in field conditions. The EOs content ranged from 0.55 to 1.46%. The correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the EO content and altitude of the sampling locations (P < 0.01; r = −0.84). GC–MS analysis revealed 31 compounds in the EOs of the accessions, mainly being isopropyl isothiocyanate (5.5–13.7%), methyl sulfonyl heptyl isothiocyanate (4.6–15.6%), butyl isothiocyanate (3.6–10.6%), γ-terpinene (4.4–9.2%), and thymol (22.9–37.1%). According to the cluster analysis, the accessions were classified into three groups. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first and second PCs1 confirmed more than 76% of the total variation in the phytochemical components among the C. spinosa samples. Our results revealed that the sampling altitude was the most effective factor in explaining this variation.  相似文献   

17.
China is the birth-place of Traditional Chines Medicine (TCM) and has a rich diversity of medicinal plant resources. With the rapid increase in consumer demands for crude drugs and natural health products, many medicinal plant species are threatened with extinction from overexploitation and habitat destruction. To ensure the sustainable use of medicinal plant resources, we discuss in this article, a conservation framework consisting of conservation strategies, cultivation practices and various technologies. Conservation strategies include establishing in-situ and ex-situ conservation centers, setting up government policies and regulations, establishing methods for resource surveying and trade monitoring and establishing and enforcing Good Agricultural Practices (GAP). In terms of technologies, we use a remote multi-level sensing system and DNA barcoding technologies as examples to demonstrate their roles in the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plant resources in China.  相似文献   

18.
    
Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is remarkable for its horticultural and ornamental values, poisonous nature, and medicinal uses. In order to have understanding of cp genome characterization of highly valued medicinal plant, and the evolutionary and systematic relationships, the complete plastome / chloroplast (cp) genome of A. obesum was sequenced. The assembled cp genome of A. obesum was found to be 154,437 bp, with an overall GC content of 38.1%. A total of 127 unique coding genes were annotated including 96 protein-coding genes, 28 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. The repeat structures were found to comprise of only mononucleotide repeats. The SSR loci are compososed of only A/T bases. The phylogenetic analysis of cp genomes revealed its proximity with Nerium oleander.  相似文献   

19.
    
Astragalus camptodontus is a traditional medicinal plant in Yunnan province, and it is used as one of substitutes for the Chinese medicine Astragali radix, namely “Huangqi”. Twenty-three microsatellite loci were developed from its nuclear genome using a fast isolation protocol by amplified fragment length polymorphism of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Two wild populations collected from Northwest Yunnan were used to assess polymorphism of each locus. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 with a mean of 4.2. Values for HO and HE ranged from 0.042 to 0.875 and from 0.254 to 0.793, with average of 0.403 and 0.616, respectively. These polymorphic loci will facilitate further studies on genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow of A. camptodontus and its allied species.  相似文献   

20.
麻疯树乳汁管的解剖学研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
麻疯树(JatrophacurcasL.)的乳汁管能分泌含有多种药用成分的乳汁。采用石蜡切片、冰冻切片和半薄切片技术,在光学显微镜下观察麻疯树乳汁管的类型、分布和大小。结果表明,麻疯树中存在有节连接和非连接乳汁管、无节分枝和不分枝乳汁管;乳汁管普遍分布在皮层和韧皮部,茎和叶脉的木质部存在少量的乳汁管,茎、叶柄、花梗和果柄的髓部有少量分布;靠近维管组织的皮层中的乳汁管直径较大,而靠近表皮的皮层中的乳汁管直径较小,如茎中靠近维管组织的乳汁管直径为40-60μm,而靠近表皮的乳汁管直径为5-18μm。  相似文献   

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