木原均,(A).洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言.因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识.在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位:个体与种.一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位.生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素.既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性.虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究.这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究.我们分类处理的原则是:(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变.     

木原均,.洛夫与小麦族(禾本科)的现代遗传学属的概念(英文)

分类学是认识生物体的一种工具,对生物体间系统关系的理解,种质资源利用的指南,也是一种交流用的普通语言。因此,分类处理需要反映这些关系的近期认识。在自然界,生物体只有两个绝对的单位:个体与种。一个种是一群个体被不可缺少的生殖关系相互联系成为的一个绝对单位。生殖隔离是种与种间的基本界限,同时也是生物演化过程中形成独立基因库(gene pools)的惟一因素。既然在种以上的分类群没有绝对界线,在种以上的任一分类处理都不可能避免人为性。虽然如此,仍然必须作出某些分类适应它们的描述、利用与(或)研究。这篇文章对小麦族分类群间生物系统关系的划分是基于遗传学的研究。我们分类处理的原则是:(1)反映这些种系统演化现今的理解;(2)便于种质资源的利用;(3)避免与传统处理有不必要的剧烈改变。     

DESCRIPTION OF PINELEMA BAILONGENSIS GEN. NOV. ETSP. NOV.(ARANEAE, TELEMIDAE) FROM GUANGXI, CHINA

记述我国泰莱蛛科1新属1新种,白龙平莱蛛Pinnelema bailongensis.nov.et sp.nov..模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所.平莱蛛属,新属Pinelema gen.nov.与该科其它属的主要区别在于下唇宽大于长;雄性腹柄与腹侧板形状特异;雄性触肢跗节前侧面仅具1突起;雄性触肢生殖球结构简单,插入器管状,逐渐向端部变细,尖端角质化.词源:新属属名由模式产地平果县以及近似属泰莱蛛属组合而成.白龙平莱蛛,新种Pinelema bailongensis gen.nov.et sp.nov.(图1～17) 新种近似心状泰莱蛛Telema cordata Wang et Li,2010,但新种螯沟后缘具4个颗粒状的小齿,后者仅具3个;新种生殖球卵形,后者心形;新种触肢跗节前侧面突起较长,是后者的4倍.正模♂,广西壮族自治区百色市平果县白龙洞,2009-08-01,王春霞、姚志远采.副模:20♂♂,34♀♀,同正模.词源:新种种名以模式产地白龙洞命名.     

中国云南西双版纳蟹蛛一新属及三新种描述(蜘蛛目,蟹蛛科)

描述了采自云南西双版纳热带雨林的蟹蛛1新属:副泥蟹蛛属Paraborboropactus gen.nov.及3新种:郑氏副泥蟹蛛,新种Paraborboropactus zhengi sp.nov.,豆荚副泥蟹蛛,新种 Paraborboropactus leguminaceus sp.nov.以及菱形副泥蟹蛛,新种Paraborboropactus rhombus sp.nov,.模式标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国陆生蓝藻新记录属——拟鞘丝藻属(Coleofasciculales,Cyanobacteria)

拟鞘丝藻属(Allocoleopsis)是于2021年成立的新属。研究从中国湖北省武汉市的生物土壤结皮中成功分离到一株丝状蓝藻,通过以形态学、生态学和分子系统发育学数据相结合的多相分析方法对藻株进行了系统研究和分类界定。形态学上,该藻株藻丝体为圆柱形,具无色透明的胶鞘,单个胶鞘可包裹多个藻丝体,顶端细胞为圆锥形、细长或圆形,与拟鞘丝藻属形态特征极其相似。基于16S rRNA基因序列相似性表明,该藻株与拟鞘丝藻属的物种16S rRNA基因序列相似性为99.3%。基于16S rRNA基因系统发育分析表明,该藻株与旧金山拟鞘丝藻形成支持度良好的进化分支,具有很高的步展值(100/100/1.00)。以上结果共同支持了研究分离的藻株属于模式种旧金山拟鞘丝藻Allocoleopsis franciscana,该属是中国首次发现的新记录属。     

On the phylogeny of Euryteinae (Crustacea,Copepoda, Cyclopoida), with description of one new species from Korea

Euryte koreana sp. nov. is described from the shallow littoral on the East Coast of South Korea, and represents the first record of the subfamily Euryteinae Monchenko, 1974 in the Pacific Ocean north of the tropics. It belongs to a group of species that have the caudal rami length/width ratio of around four, but differs from all congeners by a number of morphological features. Detailed drawings and extensive scanning electron micrographs of many characters of ornamentation provided for this species should serve as a benchmark for distinguishing closely related species in this subfamily with conservative macro-morphology. A morphologically distinct population from anchialine caves in Mallorca, identified previously as Euryte longicauda Philippi, 1843, is described as another new species: Euryte jaumei sp. nov. To test the phylogenetic relationships of its members and previous hypotheses about generic placement of two species associated with scleractinian corals, several cladistic analyses are performed on all 16 currently recognized species of Euryteinae and two outgroups, Neocyclops australiensis Karanovic, 2008 and Troglocyclops janstocki Rocha and Iliffe, 1994, using 25 morphological characters. All resulting trees suggest a close relationship between the two commensal species and them as a sister clade to all other Euryteinae. They are transferred into a newly erected genus Coraleuryte gen. nov., as C. bellatula (Humes, 1991) comb. nov. and C. verecunda (Humes, 1992) comb. nov., and a revised diagnoses is provided for the genus Euryte Philippi, 1843. Obtained cladograms also show that Ancheuryte Herbst, 1989 is nested deeply within the Euryte clade, so the genus is synonymized and its only species is transferred, as E. notabilis (Herbst, 1989) comb. nov. A key to species of Euryteinae is also provided.     

Tabanidae (Diptera) of Amaz?nia XXI. Descriptions of Elephantotus gen. n. and E. tracuateuensis sp. n. (Diachlorini) from the Brazilian coast

Elephantotus, a new genus of Tabanidae from the Amazon coast, Brazil, is described based on a new species E. tracuateuensis. Five females were collected in Pará State, and a male in Maranhão State. Arguments are presented for separating the new genus from Dasybasis, as well as the possibility of its occurrence being related to the nesting sites of coastal birds. The new species is characterized by its large size (x = 2.15 cm, n = 5 females), glabrous eyes, reddish-brown tegument, light brown frontal callus not touching the edges of the eyes, extending up to the vertex that has traces of ocelli, basal plate of the antennal flagellum with obtuse angle, without a tooth or spine, wings hyaline, with brown basal cells, without appendix in the fork of vein R₄₊₅, and genital furca wide with extended flaps.     

Molecular evidence for hybridization of species in the genus Gallus except for Gallus varius

A phylogenetic tree for fowl including chicken in the genus Gallus and based on mitochondrial D-loop analysis further supports the hypothesis developed from morphology and progeny production that red junglefowl (RJF) is the direct ancestor of the chicken. The phylogenetic positions of the chicken and the other fowl species in the genus Gallus are of great importance when considering maintenance and improvement of chicken breeds through introgression of genetic variation from wild-type genomes. However, because the phylogenetic analysis based on the DNA sequences is not sufficient to conclude the phylogenetic positions of the fowls in the genus, in the present study, we have determined sequences of whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and two segments of the nuclear genome (intron 9 of ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and four chicken repeat 1 elements) for the species in the genus Gallus. The phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA sequences revealed that two grey junglefowls (GyJF) were clustered in a clade with RJFs and chicken, and that one GyJF was located in a remote position close to Ceylon junglefowl (CJF). The analyses based on the nuclear sequences revealed that alleles of GyJFs were alternatively clustered with those of CJF and with those of RJFs and chicken. Alternative clustering of RJF and chicken alleles were also observed. These findings taken together strongly indicate that inter-species hybridizations have occurred between GyJF and RJF/chicken and between GyJF and CJF.     

Meristoderes gen. nov., a new kinorhynch genus, with the description of two new species and their implications for echinoderid phylogeny (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida, Echinoderidae)

A new kinorhynch genus, Meristoderes gen. nov., and two new species from Spain and the Solomon Islands, respectively, are described. The new genus is distinguished from all other genera by the first segment consisting of a closed cuticular ring, and the second segment having partial tergosternal junctions, and a superficial midventral fold. This is a new cuticular configuration that may shed light into the phylogenetic relationships of echinoderid kinorhynchs. Meristoderes macracanthus gen. et sp. nov. from the Mediterranean coast of Spain is recognised by the presence of middorsal spines on segments 4, 6 and 8, ventrolateral tubules on segment 2, lateroventral tubules on segment 5, lateroventral spines on segments 6-9, lateral accessory tubules on segment 8, one pair of laterodorsal tubules on segment 10. Meristoderes galatheae sp. nov. from the Solomon Islands is recognized by having a middorsal spine on segment 4 only, ventrolateral tubules on segment 2, lateroventral tubules on segment 5, lateroventral spines on segments 6-9, lateral accessory tubules on segment 8 and subdorsal tubules on segment 10. Both species have a pattern of paraventral perforation site clusters on segments 3-9, with conspicuously long bracteate hairs from the posteriormost perforations sites on the segments 3-7 and 3-6, respectively.The new genus Meristoderes gen. nov. is included into the family Echinoderidae Bütschli, 1876 and appears closely related with the genera Cephalorhyncha Adrianov, 1999 and Echinoderes Claparède, 1863. The new information it provides is discussed to clarify the internal phylogeny of Echinoderidae. The terminology for cuticular characters in the overlapping area between consecutive segments is also standardized.     

Potyvirus属成员基因组全序列的简并引物PCR和RACE扩增方法

Based on multi-alignment of complete polyprotein amino acid sequences of genus Potyvirus,five degenerated primers were designedThey were Sprimer(5′-GGX AAY AAY AGY GGX CAZ CC-3′),pNIa(+)(5′-TNY TGG AAM CAY TGG AT-3′),pCI2(+)(5′-GCX ACX AAX ATX ATX GAX AA-3′),pCI1(+)(5′-GTX GGX TCX GGX AAX TCX AC-3′)and pHC(+)(5′-TGY GAY AAY CAZ TTX GA-3′)(X=A,T,C or G:Y=T or C;Z=A or G;N=A or T;M=A,T or G)Using degenerated PCR and modified RACE methods,a protocol for determination of complete genome sequence of potyviruses was established and proved to be successful on five potyviruses     

Pollen morphology of Diosma and Coleonema (Rutaceae: Diosminae) and its taxonomic implications

The pollen morphology of Diosma and Coleonema of the taxonomically problematic subtribe Diosminae (Rutaceae) was investigated to determine its taxonomic relevance. Pollen of 26 of the 28 species of Diosma and of each of the eight species of Coleonema was investigated by LM, SEM and TEM. In pollen of Diosma the exine sculpturing is uniform, and only one pollen type, reticulate, could be distinguished. In contrast, exine sculpturing shows interspecific variation in Coleonema and three distinct types, striate, reticulate and perforate, could be discerned. Species groupings indicated by the pollen types suggest possible relationships between species within Coleonema and with other genera that were not previously apparent. Pollen data support macromorphological evidence that suggests the generic re-classification of the Diosminae.     

Siamspinops, a new selenopid spider genus from Southeast Asia (Arachnida, Araneae)

Examination of a collection of selenopid spiders from Southeast Asia resulted in recognition of a new genus, Siamspinops gen. nov., which is erected to accommodate four new Southeast Asian species. Siamspinops spinosissimus sp. nov. (the type species; the male and female are described), S. spinosus sp. nov. (female) and S. allospinosus sp. nov. (female) are recorded from Thailand, S. spinescens sp. nov. (female) from the Malay Peninsula.     

Mitochondrial sequences of <Emphasis Type=Italic>Seriatopora</Emphasis> corals show little agreement with morphology and reveal the duplication of a tRNA gene near the control region

The taxonomy of corals of the genus Seriatopora has not previously been studied using molecular sequence markers. As a first step toward a re-evaluation of species boundaries in this genus, mitochondrial sequence variability was analyzed in 51 samples collected from Okinawa, New Caledonia, and the Philippines. Four clusters of sequences were detected that showed little concordance with species currently recognized on a morphological basis. The most likely explanation is that the skeletal characters used for species identification are highly variable (polymorphic or phenotypically plastic); alternative explanations include introgression/hybridization, or deep coalescence and the retention of ancestral mitochondrial polymorphisms. In all individuals sequenced, two copies of trnW were found on either side of the atp8 gene near the putative D-loop, a novel mitochondrial gene arrangement that may have arisen from a duplication of the trnW-atp8 region followed by a deletion of one atp8.     

八角属植物分类

根据对18 个国家和地区121 个标本馆收藏的万余份八角属植物标本研究, 结合在国内8 个省区野外调查、采集、引种和对生长发育与物侯的观察, 本文对世界性八角属植物做了分类学修订。根据花蕾和花被片形态特征的变异, 将八角属分为2 组:八角组-含9 种1 亚种, 其花蕾卵球形, 花被片长圆形、椭圆形、披针形至狭舌状, 扁平;八角茴香组-含25 种2 亚种1 变种, 其花蕾球形, 花被片宽卵形至圆形, 下凹。将凹脉组作为八角组的新异名, 圆被亚属作为八角茴香组的新异名;指定了红茴香和柬埔寨八角的后选模式。本文还分析了八角属植物的分类学性状, 作出有分类检索表, 提供有各种植物的地理分布资料, 列举出查阅的主要标本, 并对各分类单元均作了分类学注释。