Polycomb基因家族在大鼠精子发生过程中的表达

目的检测大鼠精子发生不同阶段细胞中Polycomb-group（Pc-G）家族在mRNA水平上表达是否有差异。方法提纯大鼠精子发生过程中的精原细胞、精母细胞、圆形精子细胞以及支持细胞,用荧光定量PCR方法检测Pc-G家族基因mRNA表达量。结果Pc-G基因家族中Ezh2、Eed、Bmi-1在精子发生中后期高表达;在各生精细胞中,YY1基因表达量低于支持细胞。结论Pc-G基因家族在精子发生各阶段细胞中特征性表达,与精子发生具有相关性,可能对精子发生分化和维持遗传稳定性都有重要的作用。     

无芒隐子草CsPEAMT基因克隆及表达特性分析

以无芒隐子草(Cleistogenes songorica)干旱胁迫下的cDNA文库中磷酸乙醇胺N-甲基转移酶(phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase,PEAMT)基因的EST序列为基础,采用RACE方法克隆该基因编码区序列,该序列全长为2 104bp,开放读码框1 506bp,编码501个氨基酸。无芒隐子草PEAMT蛋白编码的氨基酸序列与多种植物的PEAMT氨基酸序列有较高相似性,其中与高粱SbPEAMT、玉米ZmPEAMT的蛋白序列相似性最高(93%),说明PEAMT基因在植物进化中非常保守。采用实时定量RT-PCR分析无芒隐子草幼苗在干旱过程中CsPEAMT基因的表达结果显示,干旱胁迫诱导CsPEAMT基因在根和叶中大量表达,且在干旱第8天时CsPEAMT基因在叶和根中表达量分别是未干旱对照的43.35倍和13.25倍,复水后CsPEAMT基因的表达量开始下调。研究表明CsPEAMT基因可能是无芒隐子草抗旱性相关的基因。     

Differential Expression and Sex Chromosome Association of CHD3/4 and CHD5 during Spermatogenesis

ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelers of the CHD family play important roles in chromatin regulation during development and differentiation. The ubiquitously expressed CHD3 and CHD4 proteins are essential for stem cell function and serve to orchestrate gene expression in different developmental settings. By contrast, the closely related CHD5 is predominantly expressed in neural tissue and its role is believed to be restricted to neural differentiation. Indeed, loss of CHD5 contributes to neuroblastoma. In this study, we first demonstrate that CHD5 is a nucleosome-stimulated ATPase. We then compare CHD3/4 and CHD5 expression in mouse brain and show that CHD5 expression is restricted to a subset of cortical and hippocampal neurons whereas CHD3/4 expression is more widespread. We also uncover high levels of CHD5 expression in testis. CHD5 is transiently expressed in differentiating germ cells. Expression is first detected in nuclei of post-meiotic round spermatids, reaches a maximum in stage VIII spermatids and then falls to undetectable levels in stage IX spermatids. Surprisingly, CHD3/4 and CHD5 show complementary expression patterns during spermatogenesis with CHD3/4 levels progressively decreasing as CHD5 expression increases. In spermatocytes, CHD3/4 localizes to the pseudoautosomal region, the X centromeric region and then spreads into the XY body chromatin. In postmeiotic cells, CHD5 colocalises with macroH2A1.2 in association with centromeres and part of the Y chromosome. The subnuclear localisations of CHD4 and CHD5 suggest specific roles in regulation of sex chromosome chromatin and pericentromeric chromatin structure prior to the histone-protamine switch.     

龙眼体胚发生过程中DCL基因的分子特性及表达分析

从龙眼转录组unigene序列筛选获得龙眼DCL基因(命名为DlDCL)全长序列,并结合生物信息学及实时荧光定量等方法,对龙眼DCL基因进行研究,以明确DlDCLs在龙眼体胚、不同生长组织部位中的表达规律及其对激素和光质应答反应,为进一步研究龙眼体胚过程中DlDCLs基因的调控研究奠定基础。结果表明:(1)龙眼转录组数据存在DlDCL1、DlDCL2、DlDCL3和DlDCL4四个DCL家族成员,且基于Unigene的FPKM值发现不同基因在体胚发生阶段具有差异表达。(2)生物信息学分析发现,DlDCLs成员间基本理化性质较为类似,均为亲水性不稳定蛋白、不含信号肽、可进行跨膜运动,但也存在一定差异,如DlDCL2为碱性蛋白,而其他3个成员为酸性蛋白;亚细胞定位预测显示,DlDCLs均定位于细胞核中,但DlDCL2也存在定位于叶绿体中;对DCL蛋白结构域预测显示,DCL是高度保守的蛋白。(3)系统进化树分析显示,不同物种的DCL分为4个分支,同源的DCL蛋白都聚为一类,且DlDCLs与柑橘DCL亲缘关系更为接近。(4)实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,DlDCLs在龙眼非胚性愈伤组织和体胚发生过程中的表达模式差异较大,但DlDCLs在愈伤组织阶段均有较高的表达量,推测DlDCLs在体胚发生过程可能具有功能的独立和协作。DlDCL1和DlDCL2在叶片、花器官等组织部位中的相对表达量较高,暗示DlDCL1和DlDCL2可能参与到光合作用和花器官的发育;DlDCLs还受2,4-D、MeJA、SA激素和光质诱导,表明DlDCLs可能参与激素和光质调控。     

小鼠生精相关基因SRG4的cDNA克隆及在小鼠各发育阶段的表达

从大鼠精子尾部基因Spag4出发,在dbEST数据库中同源搜寻与大鼠Spag4基因编码氨基酸同源性较高的表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST),找到两个在小鼠精母细胞中表达的ESTs,BG101130和BG100990。通过电子杂交得到1155bp的片段,包含了小鼠假想基因AK006225的全部序列,定位于2H1-H2,其开放阅读框为87～1133bp,并被RT-PCR所证实,将该基因命名为小鼠生精相关基因4(Sperrnatogenesis Related Gene4,SRG4,GenBank登录号为AY307077)。SRG4基因推定编码348个氨基酸,有一个coiled-coil区,可能是一个跨膜蛋白。该基因与人类同源基因TSARG4同源性为74％(277／374),与大鼠Spag4同源性为45％(103／224)。多组织RT-PCR和Northern blot结果显示,SRG4在睾丸中特异性表达。RT-PCR结果发现,小鼠出生后2周内,SRG4表达量极低;3周开始时SRG4大量表达,到4∽5周时表达量最高。该结果提示。SRG4基因可能在小鼠精子形成过程中发挥着重要的作用。     

DNA Sequence, Chromosomal Localization, and Tissue Expression of the Mouse Proteasome SubunitLmp10(Psmb10) Gene

Proteasomes are nonlysosomal multicatalytic proteases involved in antigen processing. Three of the 10 mammalian proteasome β subunits (LMP2, LMP7, and LMP10) are induced by IFN-γ. Two of these (LMP2 and LMP7) are encoded in the major histocompatibility complex of both human (chromosome 6) and mouse (chromosome 17). However, the human homologue ofLmp10, MECL1,is found on chromosome 16. Here we show that in mice,Lmp10is a single-copy gene localized to chromosome 8, in a region of conserved synteny with human chromosome 16. Sequencing of a 129/SvJ strain genomic clone revealed that the gene has eight exons spanning 2.3 kb. Characterization of a full-length mouse cDNA clone indicates thatLmp10encodes a protein of 273 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 29 kDa and an isoelectric point of 6.86. Northern analysis ofLmp2, Lmp7,andLmp10showed expression in heart, liver, thymus, lung, and spleen, but not in brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, or testis.     

家蚕二分浓核病毒ns1基因序列的改造、表达和鉴定

探讨翻译起始区(TIR)部分密码子发生同义突变后,对家蚕二分浓核病毒(BmBDV)ns1基因表达的影响,以及对BmBDV NS1蛋白毒性进行鉴定,设计特异性上游引物,对BmBDV ns1基因中第3、4、9和10个密码子进行同义突变,利用原核表达系统对野生型和改造后的ns1序列进行表达,通过SDS-PAGE电泳对这两种序列的表达产量进行分析。利用Protein Iso~(TM)GST Resin从超声破碎的菌液上清中纯化融合有GST的NS1蛋白,进而对纯化的靶蛋白在细胞水平和家蚕体内进行毒性分析。结果表明:TIR突变后的BmBDV ns1序列,其与野生型序列的表达产量之间没有明显差异;BmBDV NS1蛋白具有抑制细胞增殖和诱导家蚕致死的生化活性。     

Genome-Wide Analyses of Gene Expression during Mouse Endochondral Ossification

Background

Endochondral ossification is a complex process involving a series of events that are initiated by the establishment of a chondrogenic template and culminate in its replacement through the coordinated activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. Comprehensive analyses of in vivo gene expression profiles during these processes are essential to obtain a complete understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved.

Methodology/Principal Findings

To address these issues, we completed a microarray screen of three zones derived from manually segmented embryonic mouse tibiae. Classification of genes differentially expressed between each respective zone, functional categorization as well as characterization of gene expression patterns, cytogenetic loci, signaling pathways and functional motifs both confirmed reported data and provided novel insights into endochondral ossification. Parallel comparisons of the microdissected tibiae data set with our previously completed micromass culture screen further corroborated the suitability of micromass cultures for modeling gene expression in chondrocyte development. The micromass culture system demonstrated striking similarities to the in vivo microdissected tibiae screen; however, the micromass system was unable to accurately distinguish gene expression differences in the hypertrophic and mineralized zones of the tibia.

Conclusions/Significance

These studies allow us to better understand gene expression patterns in the growth plate and endochondral bones and provide an important technical resource for comparison of gene expression in diseased or experimentally-manipulated cartilages. Ultimately, this work will help to define the genomic context in which genes are expressed in long bones and to understand physiological and pathological ossification.     

三倍体枇杷花期调控基因EjAGL6的表达特性和功能分析

以三倍体枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica) ‘华玉无核1号’的花芽为材料,采用基因克隆技术获得EjAGL6基因,分析其序列、亚细胞定位特性以及在二倍体和三倍体枇杷早晚花品种中的表达水平。采用花序浸染转化拟南芥,并利用实时荧光定量PCR分析转基因拟南芥植株的EjAGL6基因表达量,进一步观察野生型与EjAGL6转基因拟南芥的表型差异,分析EjAGL6基因的功能,为解析EjAGL6基因参与三倍体枇杷花期调控机制提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)成功获得MADS box基因EjAGL6;该基因的编码区序列(CDS)为732 bp,编码243个氨基酸,分子质量为27.88 kD,等电点为 9.05,脂溶指数为 79.05;系统进化树分析表明,枇杷EjAGL6与苹果MdAGL6蛋白质的相似性较高,聚在同一分支。(2)蛋白序列比对发现,EjAGL6的M区有57个氨基酸,I区有30个氨基酸,K区有82个氨基酸,C区有74个氨基酸,其中C区包含高度保守的AGL6基序Ⅰ和AGL6基序Ⅱ。(3)亚细胞定位分析表明,EjAGL6蛋白定位在细胞核,具有典型的MADS box转录因子亚细胞定位特性。(4)实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,EjAGL6基因在二倍体和三倍体枇杷早、晚花品种中均有表达,主要集中于小花分化期(S6)、花蕾露白期(S7)和盛花期(S8),且EjAGL6基因在二倍体和三倍体早花品种中的花蕾露白期的表达量均较高。(5) 转基因拟南芥株系的EjAGL6基因表达量显著高于野生型拟南芥;转EjAGL6基因植株表型观察显示,EjAGL6基因在拟南芥中过量表达能够使转EjAGL6基因拟南芥的开花时间提前1周左右。研究认为,EjAGL6基因可促使枇杷开花时间提前,推测EjAGL6基因在花蕾露白期发挥调控花期的关键作用。     

Expression of the Centrosomal Colon Cancer Autoantigen Gene during Spermatogenesis in the Maturing Rat Testis

We analyzed the gene and protein expression of serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8. Gene expression was upregulated in the maturing rat testis, and was localized to the spermatocytes. Protein was detected in the spermatids and at the sites of mRNA expression. Specific expression of colon cancer antigen 8 was observed in the maturing rat testis.     

鼠精子发生时期差异表达基因的克隆(英文)

为了分离鼠精子发生时期表达的基因,本文采用mRNA差异显示法,以鼠的粗线期卵母细胞为对照,检测了出生后60天和16天鼠的睾丸。得到12个有差异的片段(Fig.1&Table 1)。克隆测序结果表明,其中5个与已知基因非常吻合,另外6个与一些未知功能的cDNA、ESTs有较高的同源性,只有1个与已知序列没有同源性。Northern杂交分析显示sp1和sp8主要在成年鼠睾丸表达(Fig.4B)。采用5RACE对sp1的cDNA进行了全长分析,该基因编码一个推测是高度磷酸化蛋白的541个氨基酸(Fig.2),其中包括一个核定位信号,无论在核苷酸水平上,还是在氨基酸水平上均没有明显的同源性,仅在2个蛋白区有少量同源氨基酸(Fig.3)。该基因在20-60天龄鼠的睾丸均有表达,并且具有很高的组织特异性只在睾丸里表达(Fig.4A)。因而,这个基因有可能参与减数分裂及其以后的整个过程。可以认为这是一个新基因。我们把它命名为peat (predominantly expressed in adult testis)。