组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1A在肿瘤发生发展中的作用

组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1A (Histone lysine-specific demethylase 1A,KDM1A)作为组蛋白赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶(Histonelysine-specificdemethylase)家族的一员,在信号传导、染色体重构、胚胎发育、造血和糖脂代谢等生物学过程中起着重要的作用。近年来的研究及临床证据表明,KDM1A的表达与肿瘤的发生发展密不可分,通过与不同的复合物结合并介导不同的下游信号通路,对多种肿瘤的生长增殖起着关键的调节作用,例如前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌和肝癌等。在大多数情况下,KDM1A在肿瘤的发生发展中扮演着促癌基因角色。文中结合近年来有关文献,阐述了KDM1A在多种肿瘤发生及发展中的研究进展,总结了其作用机制,并对以KDM1A为靶点的抑癌治疗的应用前景进行了展望。     

去乙酰化转移酶SIRT7的作用及机制研究进展

SIRT7是哺乳动物Sirtuins家族中的一员,定位于核仁,是一种高度特异性的H3K18Ac(组蛋白H3的乙酰化18位赖氨酸残基)去乙酰化酶。近年来的研究发现SIRT7可通过多种途径参与调控核糖体RNA转录、细胞代谢、细胞应激以及DNA损伤修复等生理过程。此外,SIRT7还与衰老、心脏疾病及脂肪肝等密切相关。特别是SIRT7在多种肿瘤如肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌和头颈鳞状细胞癌等发生发展中起着重要的调节作用。文中综述了SIRT7的细胞及分子生物学作用,并系统总结了其在人类疾病中的研究现状。     

沉默信息调节因子1在消化系统肿瘤中的作用

沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)是Sirtuin 家族中的一员,属于烟酰胺（NAD⁺）依赖的Ⅲ类组蛋白去乙酰化酶,能通过对多种非组蛋白及组蛋白赖氨酸残基进行去乙酰化修饰调节基因表达。近来的研究发现,SIRT1不仅能使肿瘤抑制因子去乙酰化,促进肿瘤发生,还能使肿瘤促进因子去乙酰化,抑制肿瘤发生。SIRT1与肿瘤的生物学特性密切相关,影响肿瘤分期及患者预后。在消化系统肿瘤中,SIRT1具有双面性,既可作为抑癌因子,也可发挥癌因子的作用。近年来,许多研究对SIRT1在肿瘤中的作用靶点及相关信号通路做了深入研究,关于SIRT1在肿瘤中作用机制的新研究不断出现。SIRT1已成为人们攻克肿瘤的一个研究热点。本文通过对SIRT1在肿瘤中的双重作用,尤其是在消化系统肿瘤中的不同作用靶点和参与的信号通路作一综述,希望为临床上治疗消化系统肿瘤提供更有说服力的证据。     

SIRT7在肿瘤发生发展中的研究进展

Sirtuins蛋白家族是一类高度保守的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶。哺乳动物中的Sirtuins包括七种亚型:SIRT1-SIRT7,作为Sirtuins蛋白家族成员之一,SIRT7定位于核仁,是一种高度特异性的H3K18Ac(组蛋白H3的乙酰化赖氨酸残基18)去乙酰化酶。SIRT7的作用底物包括组蛋白和非组蛋白,底物的多样性决定着它参与体内多种细胞活动,如:细胞增殖、细胞新陈代谢、DNA损伤和应激反应等,并与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。SIRT7在乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和肝细胞癌等多种肿瘤中高表达;而在头颈部鳞癌和胰腺癌中的低表达又提示其可作为抑癌基因发挥作用。本文旨从SIRT7的基因组组成、作用底物及相关肿瘤作用机制等方面阐述SIRT7的研究进展,而其致癌或抑癌作用有可能使其成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点。     

MicroRNA介导中药活性成分抗肿瘤机制的研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一类新发现的非编码RNA,其异常表达在肿瘤的病理过程中扮演着重要角色,起着类似癌基因和抑癌基因的双重作用。目前中药活性成分抗肿瘤已成为关注的热点,但其影响miRNA的报道却较少。就近几年有关中药活性成分、miRNA及肿瘤间关系的研究进行了综述,为今后中药活性成分抗肿瘤的机制研究提供新思路。     

Sirtuin 6在心血管疾病中的作用

衰老是心血管疾病发生发展的独立危险因素,Sirtuin蛋白家族(SIRT1-7)是一组与衰老和寿命密切相关的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD~+)依赖性组蛋白去乙酰化酶,在饮食限制和运动等情况下可被激活,以维持代谢稳态,保护心血管疾病。SIRT6作为该家族相对新成员,可参与多种基因表达、DNA损伤修复等过程的调控,被认为是一种肿瘤抑制因子和促进长寿的正向调节因子,但其在心血管疾病中的作用尚未被完全揭示。近年来,有研究显示SIRT6可延缓与年龄相关的心血管疾病进程,具有发展为心血管疾病治疗靶点的潜力。本文现就SIRT6在心血管疾病中作用的研究进展进行综述。     

SIRT6与心血管、肿瘤及代谢性疾病

SIRT6是酵母Sir2在哺乳动物中的同源物Sirtuins家族SIRT1-SIRT7中的一员,主要存在于细胞核中,具有组蛋白去乙酰化酶及ADP-核糖基转移酶活性。人类SIRT6在其生理、病理过程中具有重要作用,参与机体生长、发育、代谢及炎症反应等过程。最新研究发现,SIRT6还涉及多种重大疾病的发生和发展。本文将从SIRT6与心血管、肿瘤、代谢等相关疾病的关系作一介绍,揭示了SIRT6与相关疾病的内在联系。     

miR-124 在消化系统肿瘤研究中的进展

消化系统肿瘤严重危害人类健康,是导致死亡的主要原因,其一直是科学研究的一个重点,也是难点。Micro RNA(mi RNA)是一类广泛存在于生物体内的内源性、非编码、单链小分子RNA,参与调控生物体的几乎所有生命活动,包括多种生理和病理活动。目前研究认为,mi RNAs参与肿瘤的发生和进展。mi R-124是mi RNAs家族的一员,是一个相当保守的mi RNA,在多种肿瘤包括消化系统肿瘤的细胞或组织中均表达下调,扮演着类似抑癌基因的角色,在该类肿瘤的发生、发展以及预后中发挥重要作用。本文就mi R-124在消化系统肿瘤研究中的进展作一综述。     

SIRT1与肝细胞癌

肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC)是世界上最常见的癌症之一.然而,就目前现状而言,HCC的治疗效果还很有限.作为一个依赖于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)的去乙酰化酶, SIRT1(silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 )参与了代谢、应激反应、衰老以及肿瘤的演进等许多重要的生物学进程.临床研究显示,SIRT1在HCC患者中异常高表达,并可预测其不良预后;进一步的研究表明,SIRT1在HCC演进中发挥了关键作用,且作用范围广泛,分子机制复杂.这提示,SIRT1有望成为新的HCC治疗靶点和诊断、预后标志物.本文拟对SIRT1在HCC的演进和预后中的具体作用及其潜在分子机制作一总结,并就SIRT1作为肝癌治疗靶点和诊断、预后标志物的可行性做出探讨.     

RNA结合蛋白MSI2与肿瘤

Musashi 家族是一类进化保守的RNA结合蛋白,Musashi2(MSI2)属于其中一员。MSI2能维持多种组织干细胞功能状态,发挥重要生理作用。新近研究证实,MSI2不仅参与多种恶性肿瘤的发生,其表达水平还能预测肿瘤患者的预后。因而,MSI2在肿瘤中扮演着癌基因的角色,是一些相关肿瘤的潜在治疗靶点。本文就MSI2在肿瘤中的最新研究进行综述。     

SIRT1 Catalytic Activity Has Little Effect on Tumor Formation and Metastases in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer

The protein deacetylase SIRT1 has been implicated in the regulation of a large number of cellular processes that are thought to be required for cancer initiation and progression. There are conflicting data that make it unclear whether Sirt1 functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. To assess the effect of SIRT1 on the emergence and progression of mammary tumors, we crossed mice that harbor a point mutation that abolishes SIRT1 catalytic activity with mice carrying the polyoma middle T transgene driven by the murine mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV-PyMT). The absence of SIRT1 catalytic activity neither accelerated nor blocked the formation of tumors and metastases in this model. There was a lag in tumor latency that modestly extended survival in Sirt1 mutant mice that we attribute to a delay in mammary gland development and not to a direct effect of SIRT1 on carcinogenesis. These results are consistent with previous evidence suggesting that Sirt1 is not a tumor promoter or a tumor suppressor.     

SIRT1-ZEB1-positive feedback promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition process and metastasis of osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone cancer that mainly affects children and young adults. Recently, the NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), has been reported to play a key role in the development of malignant tumors. The study aimed to investigate the role of SIRT1 in osteosarcoma and explore its underlying oncogenic mechanisms. The prognostic value of SIRT1 in osteosarcoma was assessed through detection of SIRT1 expression based on osteosarcoma biopsy tissue. Then, to further investigate the effect of SIRT1 in osteosarcoma, osteosarcoma cells were treated with small interfering RNA SIRT1 and overexpressed SIRT1 to detect the cell migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The levels of SIRT1 expression were significantly higher in osteosarcoma tissues than those in adjacent normal tissues, and the SIRT1 protein level may be coupled with metastatic and poor prognosis risk in patients with osteosarcoma. Moreover, SIRT1 silencing inhibited the migration as well as invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, and SIRT1 upregulation reversed those effects. Finally, we found that SIRT1-ZEB1-positive feedback enhanced the EMT process and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Altogether, the results of the current study revealed that high levels of SIRT1 might be a biomarker for a high metastatic rate in patients with osteosarcoma, which suggested that inhibition of SIRT1 might be promising for the therapeutics of osteosarcoma.     

SIRT6——一个重要的寿命和肿瘤调控蛋白质

哺乳动物NAD^＋依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶SIRT6（NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-6）属于沉默配型信息调节蛋白家庭（silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog, sirtuin）成员,对机体寿命调控有重要作用,主要表现在：（1）维持基因组和端粒稳定;（2）调节糖和脂肪的能量代谢;（3）调控炎症反应。此外,研究还发现SIRT6是一个抑癌基因,与肿瘤的起源、发展有关。本文就SIRT6与抗衰老及肿瘤调控之间的相关性进行综述。     

Trending topics of SIRT1 in tumorigenicity

BackgroundCarcinogenesis is governed by a series of genetic alterations and epigenetic changes that lead to aberrant patterns in neoplastic cells. Sirtuin-1(SIRT1), an NAD⁺-dependent protein deacetylase, is capable of deacetylating histones and non-histone substrates that regulate various physiological activities during tumorigenesis. Recent studies have identified the role of SIRT1 in different stages of cancer, including genome instability, tumor initiation, proliferation, metabolism, and therapeutic response. However, the action of SIRT1 has been reported to be both oncogenic and tumor suppressive during carcinogenesis. Consequently, the biological functions of SIRT1 in cancer remain controversial.Scope of reviewWe highlight the most recent findings on SIRT1 in different stages of tumorigenesis, and update the current status of SIRT1 small molecule modulators in clinical application of cancer treatment.Major conclusionBy targeting both tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins, SIRT1 has a bifunctional role at different stages of tumorigenesis. The impact of SIRT1 on tumorigenesis is also distinct at different stages and is dependent on its dosages. SIRT1 suppresses tumor initiation through its functions in promoting DNA repair, increasing genome stability, and inhibiting inflammation at the pre-cancer stage. However, SIRT1 enhances tumor proliferation, survival, and drug resistance through its roles in anti-apoptosis, pro-tumor metabolism, and anti-inflammation (inhibition of anti-tumor immunity) at the stages of tumor progression, metastasis, and relapse. Consequently, both SIRT1 inhibitors and activators have been explored for cancer treatment.General significanceBetter understanding the dose- and stage-dependent roles of SIRT1 in each cancer type can provide new avenues of exploration for therapy development.     

真核翻译起始因子与肿瘤

真核翻译起始因子(eukaryotic translation initiation factors,eIFs)是一类在蛋白质翻译起始的过程中发挥各自不同作用的蛋白质。近年来的研究发现,eIFs除了在蛋白质翻译起始中起作用外,还具有其他的作用,而且多种eIFs均与肿瘤的发生和进展相关。现就eIFs、eIFs与肿瘤的相关性及其在肿瘤治疗方面的应用等研究进展作一综述。     

SIRT6 Depletion Suppresses Tumor Growth by Promoting Cellular Senescence Induced by DNA Damage in HCC

The role of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in liver cancer remains controversial. Thus, we identified the specific role of SIRT6 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). SIRT6 expression was significantly higher in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues from 138 patients than in an immortalized hepatocyte cell line, THLE-2 and non-tumor tissues, respectively. SIRT6 knockdown by shRNA suppressed the growth of HCC cells and inhibited HCC tumor growth in vivo. In addition, SIRT6 silencing significantly prevented the growth of HCC cell lines by inducing cellular senescence in the p16/Rb- and p53/p21-pathway independent manners. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in nucleosome assembly was apparently altered in SIRT6-depleted Hep3B cells. SIRT6 knockdown promoted G2/M phase arrest and downregulation of genes encoding histone variants associated with nucleosome assembly, which could be attributed to DNA damage. Taken together, our findings suggest that SIRT6 acts as a tumor promoter by preventing DNA damage and cellular senescence, indicating that SIRT6 represents a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.     

SIRT1, Is It a Tumor Promoter or Tumor Suppressor?

SIRT1 has been considered as a tumor promoter because of its increased expression in some types of cancers and its role in inactivating proteins that are involved in tumor suppression and DNA damage repair. However, recent studies demonstrated that SIRT1 levels are reduced in some other types of cancers, and that SIRT1 deficiency results in genetic instability and tumorigenesis, while overexpression of SIRT1 attenuates cancer formation in mice heterozygous for tumor suppressor p53 or APC. Here, I review these recent findings and discuss the possibility that activation of SIRT1 both extends lifespan and inhibits cancer formation.