小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基效应的比较研究

采用SDS-PAGE方法,通过对5个亲本间杂交获得的F2群体每一单株的F3籽粒样本及其亲本进行小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析,并对每一F2单株上F3籽粒群体的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成与其籽粒蛋白质含量、SDS-沉降值的关系进行研究,分析比较黄淮麦区出现频率较高的7个亚基或亚基对的品质效应。结果表明：小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成不同群体间籽粒的蛋白质含量和SDS-沉降值基本达到显著或极显著水平。优质亚基表现为：1、7＋8、14＋15和5＋10亚基。因此,黄淮麦区小麦育种应加强对这些优质亚基的引入和利用,特别是对14＋15和5＋10亚基的引入和利用。     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基及其基因的研究进展

主要介绍了小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW－GS）及其基因的研究进展情况,目前,转基因小麦的技术已经逐渐成熟,由于分子生物学领域分子标记技术的迅速发展,尤其是PCR技术的广泛应用,为实现外源优良储藏蛋白基因导入改良品种提供了可能,利用已知小麦品种的基因序列设计引物,从众多的未知小麦品种中扩增出新基因加以研究并做外源优质HMW－GS基因的转入已成为一种趋势。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基序列及其结构与加工品质的关系

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（high molecular weight glutenin subunit,HMW-GS）是小麦种子贮藏蛋白的主要成分,其组成、含量和结构直接影响小麦面粉面筋的弹展性,决定着小麦的加工品质。本文主要对小麦HMW-GS的序列、结构和亚基之间组合形式做了详细的综述,并较系统地讨论了HMW-GS的结构和组成、特点等与面粉的加工品质之间的关系以及如何从定性和定量两方面来影响面粉的加工品质。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基5基因序列

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小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基对加工品质影响的效应分析

分析了 2 50份小麦材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基 (HMW- GS)组成以及其中 66份材料的加工品质及面条制作品质。回归分析表明 :HMW- GS与 1 0种加工品质性状均有显著的线性关系。不同亚基对综合品质效应的得分大小依次为 :Glu- Al,1 >2 * >null;Glu- Bl,1 4 +1 5>7+8>1 7+1 8>>7+9;Glu- Dl,5+1 0 >>2 +1 2 >4+1 2。不同基因位点对品质的贡献大小顺序为 :Glu- Dl>Glu- Al>Glu- Bl。首次提出了 HMW- GS综合品质评分系统     

部分小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯胺凝胶电泳（SDS－PAGE）分析了85个小麦材料的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的构成,其结果表明：（1）目前生产中应用的优质小麦品种,大部分具有1A上的优质亚基1,1B上的14＋15／17＋18或1D上的5＋10,个别品种还同时聚合有1A,1B,1D上的优质亚基;（2）在所分析的28个八倍体小偃麦中,多数材料含有1,2^*和5＋10等优质亚基;（3）在本实验室创造的材料中,来源于中间偃麦草和普通小麦杂交的后代材料中大部分具有14＋15亚基。此外,个别种质材料还含有Payne亚基命名系统中未命名的一些稀有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的遗传变异与小麦加工品质改良

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）是小麦胚乳中一种具有多态性的蛋白质组分,在面团中它们可以通过相互之间或与低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（LMw-Gs）之间形成二硫键来组成麦谷蛋白多聚体。由于其在小麦面粉加工所需的粘性和弹力方面具有极其重要的作用,过去几十年间在小麦加工品质相关蛋白研究方面的工作大多数集中在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基上。近几年在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及其编码基因的鉴定、基因的遗传变异以及不同变异在小麦加工品质中的作用方面进行了大量研究。本文对近几年在HMW-GS领域的研究进展进行综述并且重点讨论HMW-GS的变异及其对小麦品质育种的重要意义。     

两对高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基等位基因及其相互作用对小麦面筋品质的影响

小麦谷蛋白赋于面筋弹性,其亚基组成类型对加工品质有着重要的决定作用。采用一对杂交组合(烟农19×安农9914)的后代,随机选择至F3,种植871个F4穗系,分别检测了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(high molecular weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS)、低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(low molecular weight glutenin subunits,LMW-GS)组成、SDS沉降值和和面图指标,分析了麦谷蛋白等位亚基及其相互作用对品质的影响。结果表明:该群体麦谷蛋白组成仅在Glu-A1(1亚基或N亚基)与Glu-B1(14 15亚基或17 18亚基)位点有差异。Glu-A1位点1亚基的SDS沉降值显著高于N亚基,1亚基的峰高、7 min尾高显著大于N亚基,而在和面时间、7 min带宽以及衰落角(耐揉性),两亚基间差异不显著。Glu-B1位点亚基间SDS沉降值17 18>14 15/17 18>14 15,和面时间、7 min带宽两个指标17 18亚基显著高于14 15亚基,衰落角显著小于14 15亚基,峰高和7 min尾高差异不显著。对Glu-A1和Glu-B1两位点互作,除7 min带宽互作达5%显著水平外,其它四个指标均未达显著水平。1亚基相对于N亚基,17 18亚基相对于14 15亚基,虽以SDS沉降值为标准其效应相当,但两者却作用于面团的不同性能。     

高分子量麦谷蛋白1Bx14亚基AS-PCR标记

根据已发表的1Bx14亚基的基因序列在不同位点设计了10对特异引物,从中筛选出1对引物,对HMW-GS在Glu-1Bx位点已知的10个小麦品种进行了PCR扩增.结果表明,具有1Bx14亚基的4个品种都能扩增出1条1 256 bp左右的特异带.用这一特异标记对山东省种植面积较大的40个品种进行PCR扩增(即等位专一PCR,AS-PCR),发现仅有5个品种携带1Bx14亚基.该AS-PCR标记可用于检测小麦品种在该位点的亚基组成,与SDS-PAGE相比,可显著提高检测的准确性和效率,可为种质鉴定和育种工作提供参考.     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分离方法的研究

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（ＨＭＷ－ＧＳ）与小麦面包烘烤质量和面粉的加工特性密切相关,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ是其常用的分离方法之一。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ方法一般分为２类：第一类采用１１％和５％浓度的胶,后者用于分离２亚基和２＾＊亚基,该种方法常使用碱性提取液,需要２次电泳过程,且在５％浓度的胶中ＨＭＷ－ＧＳ易于和麦醇蛋白混淆;另外一类ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ采用梯度胶,配合使用银染方法,制梯度胶则使用梯度仪及磁力搅拌     

带芒草属物种新型高分子量谷蛋白亚基的鉴定

采用SDSPAGE方法对牧草带芒草属3个种8份材料的高分子量谷蛋白进行了检测和鉴定。结果显示,带芒草物种具有的高分子量谷蛋白亚基与普通小麦中发现的不一样,其迁移率存在较大差异。其中,x型亚基均比Dx2亚基迁移率小或接近,y型亚基均比Dx12亚基迁移率大。8份材料中共发现了4种x型亚基新类型(Tax1,Tax2,Tax3和Tax4),5种y型亚基新类型(Tay1,Tay2,Tay3,Tay4和Tay5)和6种亚基组合类型(Tax1+Tay3,Tax3+Tay2,Tax4+Tay1,Tax1+Tay1,Tax2+Tay5,Tax4+Tay2),该项研究结果揭示了带芒草属植物可能具有与普通小麦类似的高分子量谷蛋白亚基,这些亚基在小麦品质遗传改良中具有潜在的利用价值。     

Immunochemical identification of LMW subunits of glutenin associated with bread-making quality of wheat flours

A murine monoclonal antibody (IFRN 0067), one of a library developed against prolamin fractions fromTriticum aestivum, has been characterised using a combination of immunoassay and immunoblotting techniques. The antibody was specific for two glutenin polypeptides which appeared by 2-dimensional electrophoresis to belong to the B group of LMW subunits. From results of antibody-binding studies with material extracted from genetic stocks, it was deduced that the target polypeptides were encoded on the short arm of chromosome 1D. The antibody was used in an immunoassay of bread wheats with a range of anticipated baking scores and for flours of known baking performance. Significant correlations were found between immunoassay and test-bake results. Indeed, correlation of IFRN 0067 binding with loaf volume was equal or better than that provided by alveograph parameters. The results provide evidence that LMW subunits contribute to the bread-making properties of wheat glutenin, as identified by the use of immunological techniques. The use of particular monoclonal antibodies, such as IFRN 0067, in the further development of simple, rapid diagnostic tests for flour quality predictions is discussed.     

高粱总DNA导入春不麦稳定后代高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的变化

通过花粉管通道法将高粱总ＤＮＡ导入春麦甘麦８号、陇春１３号和陇春１０号,经过多代选择获得了５个稳定的后代。在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析中,甘麦８号后代８９１４４的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基发生突变,较其受体多了５＋１０亚基,而少了２＋１２亚基;其它几个转基因后代与其受体比较,高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成未发生变化;但是,各亚基的相对较大变化。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基的组成和各亚基含量的变化直接影响小麦品质。本研究     

In vitro phosphorylation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits from wheat endosperm

We have investigated the in vitro phosphorylation of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS), a group of non-soluble proteins present in wheat endosperm. Computer aided searches of potential biological sites in the known sequences of these proteins have evidenced the presence of sequence motifs specific for protein kinase C (PKC), calcium-dependent protein kinase from wheat, casein kinase II, tyrosine protein kinase and glycosylation. We have demonstrated that subunit 1Bx7 is a substrate of a partially purified PKC from rat brain. Further experiments have shown that this subunit is phosphorylated by an endogenous protein kinase activity found in wheat flour. These preliminary results are important for the possible implications on the structure-function relationships of these proteins and could probably suggest, for the first time, a potential physiological role in particular situations for some HMW-GS.     

重组姊妹系中14+15和5+10亚基聚合对小麦品质的影响

采用常规杂交和生化鉴定方法将小麦品系 94 34的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 14 +15与 92 5 7的 5 +10优质亚基聚合 ,获得 8个重组姊妹系 .高分子量麦谷蛋白组成为 1、14 +15、2 +12与亚基组成为 1、14 +15、5 +10的姊妹系相比较 :硬度、Zeleny沉降值、干面筋和湿面筋没有差别 P>0 .1 ,出粉率略有差别但不显著 P>0 .0 5 ,蛋白质含量低 3.5 %～ 11.6 % P<0 .0 1 ;粉质仪各参数指标有显著差异或极显著差异 ,吸水率低 1.2 %～ 3.2 % P<0 .0 5 ,形成时间平均差 1m in P<0 .0 5 ,稳定时间相差 0 .5～ 1.5 min P<0 .0 1 ;弱化度高 5 0～ 5 FU P<0 .0 5 ,评价值平均低 7.6左右 P<0 .0 5 ,FQN值低 3～ 15 P<0 .0 5 .高分子量麦谷蛋白组成为 1、7+8、5 +10与亚基组成为1、14 +15、5 +10的姊妹系的单样本平均数测验表明 :后者在湿面筋、出粉率和形成时间显著高于前者 ,其他指标无显著差异     

Isolation and molecular characterization of high molecular weight glutenin subunit genes 1Bx13 and 1By16 from hexaploid wheat

The high molecular weight glutenin subunit （HMW-GS） pair 1Bx13＋1By16 are recognized to positively correlate with bread-making quality; however, their molecular data remain unknown. In order to reveal the mechanism by which 1By16 and 1Bx13 creates high quality, their open reading frames （ORFs） were amplified from common wheat Atlas66 and Jimai 20 using primers that were designed based on published sequences of HMW glutenin genes. The ORF of 1By16 was 2220bp, deduced into 738 amino acid residues with seven cysteines including 59 hexapeptides and 22 nanopeptides motifs. The ORF of 1Bx13 was 2385bp, deduced into 795 amino acid residues with four cysteines including 68 hexapeptides, 25 nanopeptides and six tripepUdes motifs. We found that 1By16 was the largest y-type HMW glutenin gene described to date in common wheat. The 1By16 had 36 amino acid residues inserted in the central repetitive domain compared with 1By15. Expression in bacteria and western-blot tests confirmed that the sequence cloned was the ORF of HMW-GS 1By16, and that 1Bx13 was one of the largest 1Bx genes that have been described so far in common wheat, exhibiting a hexapeptide （PGQGQQ） insertion in the end of central repetitive domain compared with 1Bx7. A phylogenetic tree based on the deduced full-length amino acid sequence alignment of the published HMW-GS genes showed that the 1By16 was clustered with Glu-1B-2, and that the 1Bx13 was clustered with Glu-1B-1 alleles.     

Conformational studies of wheat flour high relative molecular mass glutenin subunits by circular dichroism spectroscopy

Conformational studies of 1Dx2, 1Bx7, and 1Dy12 high relative molecular mass glutenin subunits, extracted from Alisei 1 flour, are reported. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is employed to study their conformational polymorphism induced by urea and by urea in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The CD spectra indicate that SDS promotes ordered structures. The addition of urea to the SDS-acetate solution of 1Dx2, 1Bx7, and 1Dy12 subunits eliminates the effect of SDS. Its addition to the acetate solution of proteins induces conformational transitions to form a poly-L-proline II-like structure. All the changes induced by urea follow a multistep transition process that is typical of proteins consisting of different domains.