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发酵甜高粱计耐高浓度酒精酵母菌的选育 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用负染色计数法从非自然诱变菌株中成功地选育一株以C4植物甜高粱汁做基质发酵生产液体生物燃料(酒精)的酵母菌株,产酒率最高达12.80%(V/V)。 相似文献
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戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)是能利用木质纤维素水解液发酵产乳酸的潜力菌株,发酵条件优化与高产菌株的选育是提高乳酸产量的重要手段。通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计与响应面试验,对戊糖乳杆菌ATCC 8041产乳酸的发酵培养基及发酵条件进行了优化。结果表明,该菌株发酵培养基的最佳组合为葡萄糖93.11 g/L、酵母浸粉5.19 g/L、碳酸钙29.43 g/L、蛋白胨10.00 g/L、Na2HPO4·12H2O 5.00 g/L、Mg SO4 0.20 g/L、Mn SO4 50 mg/L;最佳发酵条件为37℃、p H6.5、接种量6%、装液量80%。在此优化条件下,该菌株发酵产乳酸为54.12 g/L。进一步以戊糖乳杆菌ATCC 8041为出发菌株,通过原生质体进行紫外诱变,经多重筛选,最终获得一株遗传稳定性好的高产乳酸突变株,命名为戊糖乳杆菌Lactic UVC-02,由中国典型培养物保藏中心保存,注册号为CCTCC M 2013209。该突变株Lactic UVC-02经葡萄糖发酵,乳酸产量达64.17 g/L,比出发菌株ATCC 8041(54.12g/L)提高18.6%。 相似文献
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微生物发酵过程中泡沫的产生是发酵领域遇到的共性问题。在不影响发酵性能的前提下抑制菌株的产泡,对简化操作以及降低发酵成本具有较为重要的意义。解脂耶氏酵母(Yarrowia lipolytica,之前称为Candida lipolytica)是一种常用的合成生物学底盘,也是合成赤藓糖醇等功能糖醇的生产菌株。但在发酵合成赤藓糖醇的过程中会产生大量的泡沫,需要添加消泡剂以消除泡沫。【目的】本研究旨在开发一种产泡能力显著降低的解脂耶氏酵母新菌株,以减少赤藓糖醇发酵过程中消泡剂的添加。【方法】本研究利用解脂耶氏酵母中非同源靶向重组占支配地位的原理,采用一段外源DNA随机插入基因组的手段,随机突变基因组,改变菌株的发酵产泡性能,使突变株在发酵过程中不产泡或者降低其产泡的能力。【结果】通过筛选,获得一株在发酵过程中产泡性能显著降低的工程菌株,该菌株在保留高效合成赤藓糖醇性能的同时,显著降低了泡沫的产生。【结论】所获得的菌株对工业发酵合成赤藓糖醇具有较为重要的意义,也为控制其他微生物发酵过程中泡沫的生成提供了思路。 相似文献
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Candida tropicalis XY-19是一株具有优良乙醇发酵性能的发酵木糖酵母,其发酵葡萄糖产乙醇性能与目前酒精工业生产菌种--安琪酒精酵母相近,但XY-19的耐乙醇性能远比安琪酒精酵母差,XY-19在含有超过7%(v/v)乙醇的培养基中不能生长。以XY-19为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变获得了5株能在7.5%(v/v)乙醇的培养基中旺盛生长的突变株,经Co-60诱变获得了8株能在含8%(v/v)乙醇的培养基中旺盛生长的突变株。然后,以紫外线诱变得到的5株菌和Co-60诱变得到的8株菌及耐乙醇性能较好的酿酒酵母(S.cerevisae Angel,S.cerevisae4608和S.cerevisae172)为出发菌株,经过4轮Genome shuffling结合木糖乙醇梯度平板的筛选,获得了4株(G3-13,G3-18,G3-57和G3-60)能够在12%乙醇平板上生长的菌株,其乙醇耐受性比野生菌株XY-19提高了71%,为将XY-19进一步开发成纤维质乙醇发酵的生产菌种奠定基础。本研究结果进一步体现了Genome shuffling技术在改良如乙醇耐受性等多基因控制性状上的突出优势,为工业生产菌种的快速有效改良提供了一种有效的方法。 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献