共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 250 毫秒
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本文从能量代谢与植物细胞质雄性不育(CMS)、线粒体的结构和数量与CMS、线粒体DNA多态性与CMS、线粒体基因转录与CMS、线粒体多肽差异与CMS几个方面介绍了植物线粒体与CMS的关系。并介绍了与CMS相关的线粒体基因研究进展并对CMS形成的分子机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
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向日葵细胞质雄性不育系线粒体基因组atpA位点的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
对21种向日葵细胞质雄性不育(CMS)品系的线粒体基因组atpA基因位点处的DNA分子变异进行了分析和研究。首次通过基因组DNA及mtDNA与一含有部分atpA基因和orf H522的4.1kb探针Southern分子杂交分析及mtDNA限制性内切酶图谱分析证明,在atpA基因位点区域有4种DNA序列存在于21种细胞质雄性不育品系中。首次指出在向日葵CMS品系中即使细胞质来源相同,不育基因却有多种存在形式,并通过实验结果推测了导致细胞质雄性不育的机理。 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育(CMS)是广泛存在于自然界中的现象,主要表现为不能产生有功能的花粉从而导致不能正常受精结实的自然现象。CMS的起因源于受植物细胞质基因的影响表现出雄性不育的特征,目前研究表明为线粒体的基因引起的雄性不育。相应地,细胞核中存在某类基因能够编码一种蛋白使其育性得以恢复,这一类基因称为育性恢复基因(Rf genes)。杂交水稻的生产依赖于CMS的发掘和利用,并且这也是农作物增产的一条有效途径。迄今为止,水稻中CMS和育性恢复的相关研究较多,机理阐述相对比较深入,本文主要介绍水稻CMS及育性恢复基因的研究及CMS和育性恢复机理的最新研究进展,希望能为揭示水稻CMS与育性恢复机制以及其他作物的CMS/Rf研究提供参考,为新型杂交水稻的培育提供新思路。 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育是广泛存在于高等植物中的现象, 其表现为母性遗传、花粉败育, 但雌蕊正常。细胞质雄性不育在杂交种子生产中起着重要作用, 研究其分子作用机制有利于更有效地利用细胞质雄性不育。随着一些不育基因和恢复基因相继被克隆, 人们对一些细胞质雄性不育和恢复系统的分子作用机理已经有一定了解。本文综述了近年来对植物细胞质雄性不育基因和恢复基因作用机理研究的进展。 相似文献
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红莲型细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体atp6基因转录本的编辑位点研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以红莲(HL)型水稻细胞质雄性不育系A、保持系B及杂种一代F1为材料,首次比较研究了红莲型水稻线粒体atp6基因转录本的编辑位点及各位点的编辑频率.结果表明atp6基因的转录本有18个编辑位点,其中有15个发生在密码子的第一和第二位点上,这些位点的编辑最终会导致氨基酸种类的变化.18个编辑位点在A、B和F1中没有差异,但各位点的编辑频率在引入了核恢复基因的条件下发生了较大的变化,完全编辑的比例增加.这些结果首次证明HL型细胞质雄性不育与线粒体atp6转录本的编辑有一定相关性,编辑不充分的转录产物最终会干扰线粒体功能的正常发挥. 相似文献
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Microarray analysis reveals altered expression of a large number of nuclear genes in developing cytoplasmic male sterile Brassica napus flowers 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Carlsson J Lagercrantz U Sundström J Teixeira R Wellmer F Meyerowitz EM Glimelius K 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2007,49(3):452-462
To gain new insights into the mechanism underlying cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), we compared the nuclear gene expression profiles of flowers of a Brassica napus CMS line with that of the fertile B. napus maintainer line using Arabidopsis thaliana flower-specific cDNA microarrays. The CMS line used has a B. napus nuclear genome, but has a rearranged mitochondrial (mt) genome consisting of both B. napus and A. thaliana DNA. Gene expression profiling revealed that a large number of genes differed in expression between the two lines. For example, nuclear genes coding for proteins that are involved in protein import into organelles, genes expressed in stamens and pollen, as well as genes implicated in either cell-wall remodeling or architecture, were repressed in the CMS line compared with B. napus. These results show that the mt genome of the CMS line strongly influences nuclear gene expression, and thus reveal the importance of retrograde signalling between the mitochondria and the nucleus. Furthermore, flowers of the CMS line are characterized by a replacement of stamens with carpelloid organs, and thus partially resemble the APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) mutants. In accordance with this phenotype, AP3 expression was downregulated in the stamens, shortly before these organs developed carpelloid characteristics, even though it was initiated correctly. Repression of PI succeeded that of AP3 and might be a consequence of a loss of AP3 activity. These results suggest that AP3 expression in stamens depends on proper mt function and a correct nuclear-mt interaction, and that mt alterations cause the male sterility phenotype of the CMS line. 相似文献
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《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1995,248(1):79-88
InNicotiana sylvestris, two cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) mutants obtained by protoplast culture show abnormal developmental features of both vegetative
and reproductive organs, and mitochondrial gene reorganization following homologous recombination between 65 bp repeated sequences.
A mitochondrial region of 16.2 kb deleted from both CMS mutants was found to contain the last two exons of thenad7 gene coding for a subunit of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I, which is encoded in the nucleus in fungi and
animals but was recently found to be encoded by the mitochondrial genome in wheat. Although theN. sylvestris nad7 gene shows strong homology with its wheat counterpart, it contains only three introns instead of four. Polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) experiments indicated that the parental gene organization, including the completenad7 gene, is probably maintained at a substoichiometric level in the CMS mutants, but this proportion is too low to have a significant
physiological role, as confirmed by expression studies showing the lack of detectable amounts of the NAD7 polypeptide. Consequently,
absence of NAD7 is not lethal to plant cells but a deficiency of complex I could be involved in the abnormal CMS phenotype. 相似文献
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T. Engelke T. Tatlioglu 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2000,100(6):942-948
Mitochondrial genome diversity in chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.) was investigated with respect to different forms of male sterility. Cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) and restored genotypes
of the known CMS system, compared to plants of the wi-, the st1- and the st2-sterility types and additional fertile plants of different origin were examined by means of RFLP analyses using mitochondrial
gene probes. Besides the (S)-cytoplasm of the CMS system four additional cytoplasms were distinguished that differed in the
organisation of their mitochondrial genomes. There is consequently a high degree of variability of the mitochondrial genome
in chives, especially when compared with the closely related onion. A possible function of the atp9 gene in generating the different cytoplasm types of chives is discussed in relation to the origin of known CMS sequences
in other plant species. The existence of different cytoplasm types offers the opportunity for further characterisation of
the wi-, st1- and st2-sterility systems with respect to cytoplasmic factors which might be causally related to them. Whether these new sterilities
are CMS or GMS (genic male sterilities) is of interest to plant breeders in order that restrictions on the genetic basis used
in hybrid seed production be avoided.
Received: 6 July 1999 / Accepted: 6 September 1999 相似文献
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植物细胞质雄性不育是一种广泛存在于高等植物中的母性遗传性状。细胞质雄性不育不仅为研究核质互作提供了良好材料,同时也是植物杂种优势利用的重要基础,其分子机理是目前研究的重点。多种研究证据表明,线粒体基因与细胞质雄性不育密切相关。随着分子生物学和分子遗传学的不断发展,许多植物的恢复基因已经被定位和克隆,进一步阐明了植物细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复的分子机理。本文综述了近几年植物中细胞质雄性不育和育性恢复相关基因的研究进展,并探讨了细胞质雄性不育/育性恢复系统在育种方面的应用。 相似文献
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通过不育细胞质为选择背景,在田间事先鉴定出杂种后代的优异完全不育株,用花药培养或诱导孤雌生殖使其纯合,测定其配合力,可以筛选到优良的目标不育系。以下3种方法则可能通过目标不育系而获得其同型保持系:一是通过体细胞变异(花药培养)产生;二是在不育系孕穗期高温或低温处理使其转换成可育,选择仍具有不育保持能力的作为保持系,或作为轮回亲本,将其细胞核换到可育细胞质中;三是用原生质体融合的方式向不育系导入已杀死细胞核的可育细胞质而获得配套保持系。它可以使杂种优势利用变得有预见性,可能提高现有杂种优势水平。在创造雄性不育新质源,排除微效可育基因,进行不育系的定向改造,选育高配合力不育系,以及加速育种进程等方面具有重要价值。 相似文献
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RFLP Analysis for Mitochondrial Genome of CMS-Rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to analyze mitochondrial (mt) genome of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) rice. Differences were observed among mitochondrial genomes of the sterile line (A) and maintain line (B) of nine types of CMS rice; Mitochondrial genomic differences were also detected between A and B in many functional gene regions. Even the materials with the same nucleic background have differences in their mtDNA. This provides molecular evidence for the cytoplasmic heterogeneity and the CMS mechanism research. 相似文献
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细胞质雄性不育水稻线粒体基因组的RFLP分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用RFLP技术,比较研究了在农业生产上广泛应用的9种细胞质雄性不育体系的线粒体基因组,结果表明:1)9种水稻雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性变化范围为0.615~1.000。所有配子体雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性变化范围为0.6431.000,其中QXA,DY1A和YM15A这3种细胞质的遗传相似性为1.000。所有孢子体雄性不育细胞质的遗传相似性为1.000,2)在配子体细胞质雄性不育水稻中,用3个探针(atpa,atp9+nad6,cox2)与2种内切酶(HindⅢ,BamHⅠ)的组合未发现不育系与保持系之间的多态性,但在探针atp6,cob,和had2的杂交带型中找到了不育系和保持系之间的一些差异。YTA和YTB在5个探针.内切酶组合(atp61HindⅢ,coblHindⅢ,atp61BamHⅠ,coblBamHⅠ,nad21BamHⅠ)中存在差异。3种细胞质(QX,SJ,DY1)的不育系和保持系之间的差异是相同的,都出现在atp6/HindⅢ,atp6/BamHⅠ,cob/BamHⅠ等3个组合中。YM15A和YM15B在4个组合(atp6/HindⅢ,atp6/BamHⅠ,cob/BamHⅠ,nad2/BamHⅠ)中存在差异。LYA和LYB的差异出现在cob/HindⅢ,cob/BamHⅠ,nad2/BamHⅠ这3个组合中;3)在孢子体细胞质雄性不育水稻中,所有不育系的带型是一样的,所有保持系的带型也一样。不育系和保持系的差异出现在atp6/HindⅢ,cob/HindⅢ,atp6/EcoR,Ⅰcob/EcoRⅠ,cox1/EcoRⅠ,atp6/BamHⅠ,cob/BamHⅠ,cox1/BamHⅠ,cox2/BamHⅠ等9个组合中。这些结果在分子水平上揭示了9种雄性不育细胞质的线粒体基因组存在结构多样性,并为其细胞质雄性不育分子机理的研究打下了基础。 相似文献
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Hongwei Xie Jie Wang Mingjuan Qian Nengwu Li Yingguo Zhu Shaoqing Li 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2014,33(4):803-811
Plant mitochondrial genomes contain a large number of mitotype-specific sequences (MSS) which establish a mitochondrial genome structure distinct from other mitotypes. In rice, nine mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced, which provides us with the possibility of characterizing the MSS of rice and probing their relationship to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in rice. We therefore analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of CW-CMS, LD-CMS, WA-CMS, N and Nipponbare lines, and found 57 MSS with sizes ranging from 102 to 5,745 bp, and with an aggregate length of 92.4 kb. The MSS account for more than 14.5 % of the rice mitochondrial genome and are a significant contributing factor in the variation of mitochondrial genome sizes. Of the MSS tested, 34 MSS exhibited polymorphism among rice lines, and 14 MSS were further confirmed as being specific to CMS. This includes nine MSS specific to sporophytic CMS, three specific to gametophytic CMS, and two shared by all types of CMS. Interestingly, except for CMS genes orf(H)79 and orf352 which are partly or fully overlapping with some MSS fragments, there are ten more open reading frames of unknown function that were detected in CMS-specific MSS, hinting at their possible roles in plant CMS. These novel findings provide us with potential new molecular tools to direct the breeding of CMS lines in hybrid rice breeding programs. 相似文献