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1.
Determination of polyphenolic complex in wines by electrochemical methods and using the enzymes tyrosinase and laccase 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shleev SV Chekanova SA Koroleva OV Stepanova EV Telegin IuA Sen'kina ZE 《Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia》2004,40(3):359-365
Several red wines were studied to find a correlation between physicochemical parameters characterizing the antioxidant status of wine and total content of phenols in samples. The content of dissolved oxygen (its value varied from 0.75 to 3.28 mg/ml), pH (3.10-3.63), redox potential (-186 to -106 mV), mass concentration of free and total sulfur dioxide (10-30 and 36-200 mg/dm3, respectively), absorption spectra, and total phenol content were determined. The wines fell into two main groups-with a relatively low (1850-2050 mg/dm3) and high (2300-2900 mg/dm3) contents of polyphenols. It was demonstrated that physicochemical parameters (except for the content of sulfur dioxide) correlate with the total phenol content in the wines studied. 相似文献
2.
M. Etzensperger S. Thoma S. Petrozzi I. J. Dunn 《Bioprocess and biosystems engineering》1989,4(4):175-181
A previous three phase fluidized sand bed reactor design was improved by adding a draft tube to improve fluidization and submerged effluent tubes for sand separation. The changes had little influence on the oxygen transfer coefficients(K
L a), but greatly reduced the aeration rate required for sand suspension. The resulting 12.5 dm3 reactor was operated with 1 h liquid residence time, 10.2dm3/min aeration rate, and 1.7–2.3 kg sand (0.25–0.35 mm diameter) for the degradation of phenol as sole carbon source. The K
La of 0.015 s–1 gave more than adequate oxygen transfer to support rates of 180g phenol/h · m3 and 216 g oxygen/h · m3. The biomass-sand ratios of 20–35 mg volatiles/g gave estimated biomass concentrations of 3–6 g volatiles/dm3. Offline kinetic measurements showed weak inhibition kinetics with constants ofK
s=0.2 mg phenol/dm3, K
o2=0.5 mg oxygen/dm3 and KinI= 122.5 mg phenol/dm3. Very small biofilm diffusion effects were observed. Dynamic experiments demonstrated rapid response of dissolved oxygen to phenol changes below the inhibition level. Experimentally simulated continuous stagewise operation required three stages, each with 1 h residence time, for complete degradation of 300 mg phenol/dm3 · h. 相似文献
3.
S. Çöçü S. Uranbey A. İpek K.M. Khawar E.O. Sarihan M.D. Kaya İ. Parmaksiz S. Özcan 《Biologia Plantarum》2004,48(3):449-451
Hypocotyl, cotyledon and cotyledonary node explants of Calendula officinalis L were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with various concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ), kinetin (KIN), -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to induce adventitious shoot regeneration and micropropagation. The highest frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration was achieved from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants on MS media supplemented with 0.75 mg dm–3 TDZ and either 0.25 or 0.50 mg dm–3 IBA. Efficient in vitro clonal propagation was also induced from cotyledonary nodes on a range of media supplemented with 0.75 mg dm–3 TDZ and 0.05 mg dm–3 NAA or 2 mg dm–3 KIN and 1 mg dm–3 NAA. Regenerated shoots were excised and rooted in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg dm–3 NAA. The rooted plantlets were finally transferred to pots. 相似文献
4.
Micropropagation of Endangered Species Daphne cneorum 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A new protocol for micropropagation of endangered Daphne cneorum through multiple shoot formation has been developed. Two different types of explants (dormant apical buds and in vitro seed-derived young seedlings) from plants in two different localities were used for the initiation of multiple shoots on agar woody plant medium (WPM) with 0.2 mg dm–3 benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.1 mg dm–3-indolebutyric acid (IBA), 200 mg dm–3 glutamine, and 200 mg dm–3 casein hydrolysate. From 10 seeds only one germinated and the multi-apex culture bearing 12 shoots sprouted out from in vitro seed-derived young seedling. After 6-month cultivation 35 multi-apex cultures were achieved from in vitro seed-derived young seedling. On 1/3 strength WPM medium supplemented with 2.83 mg dm–3 IBA 50 % of cultures (clusters of 3 – 5 shoots) rooted but no rooting occurred in the presence of -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The rooted plantlets were acclimatized for 4 weeks in the greenhouse and then transferred into natural conditions. The plants successfully survived the winter and flowered. 相似文献
5.
Regeneration of Plumbago rosea L., a rare medicinal plant, via somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures derived from leaf explants was described. Optimum callus formation was achieved on semi-solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.25 mg dm–3 kinetin and 2.0 mg dm–3 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Somatic embryogenesis was achieved upon transferring the 4-week-old callus to a medium containing 1.0 mg dm–3 kinetic (Kn), 0.5 mg dm–3 gibberellic acid (GA3) and 0.1 mg dm–3 NAA. Embryo maturation and germination was achieved on the half-strength MS basal salts supplemented with 0.01 – 0.25 mg dm–3 Kn and 2 % (m/v) saccharose. An average of 50 – 60 plantlets were obtained from 150 mg of embryogenic callus within 4 week of subculture. Out of the 50 plantlets about 28 survived in the greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
Nitrate and phosphate removal by<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Spirulina platensis</Emphasis> 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Lodi A Binaghi L Solisio C Converti A Del Borghi M 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2003,30(11):656-660
The cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was used to verify the possibility of employing microalgal biomass to reduce the contents of nitrate and phosphate in wastewaters. Batch tests were carried out in 0.5 dm3 Erlenmeyer flasks under conditions of light limitation (40 mol quanta m–2 s–1) at a starting biomass level of 0.50 g/dm3 and varying temperature in the range 23–40°C. In this way, the best temperature for the growth of this microalga (30°C) was determined and the related thermodynamic parameters were estimated. All removed nitrate was used for biomass growth (biotic removal), whereas phosphate appeared to be removed mainly by chemical precipitation (abiotic removal). The best results in terms of specific and volumetric growth rates ( =0.044 day–1, Q
x =33.2 mg dm–3 day–1) as well as volumetric rate and final yield of nitrogen removal (
=3.26 mg dm–3 day–1,
=0.739) were obtained at 30°C, whereas phosphorus was more effectively removed at a lower temperature. In order to simulate full-scale studies, batch tests of nitrate and phosphate removal were also performed in 5.0 dm3 vessels (mini-ponds) at the optimum temperature (30°C) but increasing the photon fluence rate to 80 mol quanta m–2 s–1 and varying the initial biomass concentration from 0.25 to 0.86 g/dm3. These additional tests demonstrated that an increase in the inoculum level up to 0.75 g/dm3 enhanced both NO3
– and PO4
3– removal, confirming a strict dependence of these processes on biomass activity. In addition, the larger surface area of the ponds and the higher light intensity improved removal yields and kinetics compared to the flasks, particularly concerning phosphorus removal ( =0.032–0.050 day–1, Q
x =34.7–42.4 mg dm–3 day–1,
=3.24–4.06 mg dm–3 day–1,
=0.750–0.879,
=0.312–0.623 mg dm–3 day–1, and
=0.224–0.440). 相似文献
7.
Rapid method of in vitro multiplication of date palm was developed. Shoot tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg dm–3 dimethylaminopurine (2iP) + 1 mg dm–3 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Shoot buds were proliferated from white nodular cultures on hormone free medium. Shoot bud proliferation strongly enhanced when cultured on MS-medium contained 3 mg dm–3 2iP + 0.5 mg dm–3 NAA. Culturing on full-strength MS medium showed higher multiplication rate compared with half-strength MS medium. Among four concentrations of sucrose used, 30 g dm–3 speeded up the bud proliferation more than 10, 20 and 40 g dm–3. However, the largest shoot buds were observed with 40 g dm–3 sucrose. Solidification of culture media by 1.75 g dm–3
Phytagel showed the highest proliferation rate, but the largest buds were observed with 1 g dm–3
Phytagel. 相似文献
8.
Solanum nigrum is a model system especially for newcomer to the subject of plant tissue culture. Shoot culture has been easily established from shoot cutting of germinated seeds on Gamborg (B5), or Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium without phytohormones. Direct regeneration was possible using basal media B5, B5C (B5 supplemented with 5 % coconut endosperm milk), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), and MS, leaf, stem, shoot tip as explants, cytokinins benzylaminopurine (BAP) or kinetin (KIN) at concentrations from 0.25 to 2 mg dm–3, and different light treatments (dark, dim and normal light). The best culture condition for shoot formation was the culture of stem internode segments on B5 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm–3 BAP at 16-h photoperiod (irradiance of 100 µmol m–2 s–1). Also, root formation was possible under different culture conditions. The best culture condition was the culture of microshoot segments on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg dm–3 isobutyric acid. Induction of callus formation from young and mature tissues on MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm–3 BAP, 0.1 mg dm–3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 1 mg dm–3 naphthalene acetic acid, and subsequent plant regeneration on B5C medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm–3 BAP was easy. Regeneration of protoplasts isolated from shoot tips and fully expanded leaves was also simple. Finally, the transfer of rooted plantlets to the soil was successful. 相似文献
9.
S. Kevrešan V. Ćirin-Novta K. Kuhajda J. Kandrač N. Petrović Lj. Grbović Ž. Kevrešan 《Biologia Plantarum》2004,48(3):453-455
The work is concerned with the effect of low concentrations (10–7 mol dm–3) of sodium naphthenate on total content of Cd and its particular forms in the intercellular space and inside cells, as well as on some physiological and biochemical parameters of young soybean plants grown in the presence of 1 mmol dm–3 solution of cadmium chloride. Presence of naphthenate reduced in average by 40 % content total and intracellular Cd in root, stem and leaves and alleviated the harmful effect of Cd on activity of nitrate reductase and content of photosynthetic pigments. 相似文献
10.
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different arsenic concentrations on some physiological parameters of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars Plovdiv 10 and Prelom in the early growth phases. Seedlings, grown in sand with Hoagland-Arnon nutrient solution in a climatic box, were treated with 0, 2, 5 mg(As) dm–3 as Na3AsO4 (pH 5.5). After 5 d of As treatment, the changes in leaf gas-exchange, water potential, chlorophyll and protein contents, peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in roots were recorded. Physiological analysis showed a minor negative effect of arsenic at concentration 2 mg(As) dm–3, but at the higher dosage of 5 mg(As) dm–3 growth, leaf gas-exchange, water potential, protein content and biomass accumulation were reduced in both cultivars. The peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation increased considerably at 5 mg(As) dm–3, which is a typical reaction of the plants to a presence of oxidative stress. 相似文献
11.
Summary The anaerobic degradation of phenol under denitrifying conditions by a bacterial consortium was studied both in batch and continuous cultures. Anaerobic degradation was dependent on NOf3
p– and concentrations up to 4 mm phenol were degraded within 2–5 days. During continuous growth in a fermenter, steady states could be maintained at eight dilution rates (D) corresponding to residence times between 12.5 and 50 h. Culture wash-out occurred at D=0.084 h–1. The kinetic parameters obtained for anaerobic degradation of phenol under denitrifying conditions by the consortium were: maximam specific growth rate = 0.091 h–1; saturation constant = 4.91 mg phenol/l; true growth yield = 0.57 mg dry wt/mg phenol; maintenance coefficient = 0.013 mg phenol/mg dry wt per hour. The Haldane model inhibition constant was estimated from batch culture data giving a value of 101 mg/l. The requirement of CO2 for the anaerobic degradation of phenol with NOf3
p– indicates that phenol carboxylation to 4-hydroxybenzoate was the first step of phenol degradation by this culture. 4-Hydroxybenzoate, proposed as an intermediate of phenol carboxylation under these conditions, was detected only in continuous cultures at very low growth rates (D=0.02 h–1), but was never detected as a free intermediary metabolite either in batch or in continuous cultures.
Correspondence to: N. Khoury 相似文献
12.
A protocol for multiple shoot induction from cotyledonary node explants of Terminalia chebula Retz. has been developed. Germination frequency of embryos (up to 100 %) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm–3 gibberellic acid (GA3). Maximum number of shoots (6.4 shoots per cotyledonary node) was obtained on half-strength MS + 0.3 mg dm–3 GA3+ 1.0 mg dm–3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 10.0 mg dm–3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) after 4 weeks of culture. When the cotyledonary nodes along with the axillary shoot buds were allowed to grow in the same medium upto 19.2 shoots were obtained after 8 – 9 weeks. Best rooting (100 %, 5.5 roots per shoot) was observed when shoots were excised and transferred to half-strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg dm–3 IBA + 1 % mannitol and 1.5 % sucrose. Survival of rooted plants in vivo was low (35 – 40 %) when they were directly transferred to soil in glasshouse. However, transfer to soil with MS nutrients and 1.0 mg dm–3 IBA in culture room for a minimum duration of 2 weeks increased the survival percentage of plants to 100 %. 相似文献
13.
Shoot regeneration was achieved from immature cotyledons of five chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes: C235, ICC4971, ICC11531, ICC12257 and ICC12873. The cotyledons cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 or 5 mg dm–3 zeatin with or without 0.04 mg dm–3 indole acetic acid (IAA) showed formation of cotyledon like structures (CLS) at their proximal ends. Subsequently, shoot regeneration took place in some of the CLS forming explants. CLS were also formed in cotyledons cultured on MS + 0.2 – 1 mg dm–3 thidiazuron (TDZ); direct shoot regeneration was observed in cotyledons cultured on 1 mg dm–3 TDZ. The shoot buds elongated on media containing indole butyric acid (IBA), benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA3). Complete plantlets were obtained by rooting of shoots following pulse treatment with 200 mg dm–3 IBA for 5 min and culture on growth regulator free half-strength MS medium. 相似文献
14.
High Frequency Somatic Embryogenesis in Cotton 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Y. Aydin Z. Ipekci T. Talas-Oğraş A. Zehir K. Bajrovic N. Gozukirmizi 《Biologia Plantarum》2004,48(4):491-495
A highly reproducible system for efficient somatic embryogenesis was developed to regenerate plantlets from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (Nazilli M-503 and Nazilli 143). Shoot apices, hypocotyls and nodes of 10-d-old seedlings were used as explants. High frequency (100 %) embryogenic calli was initiated from all tested explants on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) media supplemented with 1 g dm–3 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 1 mg dm–3 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg dm–3 kinetin for Nazilli M-503 and 1 g dm–3 PVP, 2 mg dm–3 BAP, 0.5 mg dm–3 kinetin for Nazilli-143. Globular stage somatic embryos were produced 4 months after transfer to hormone-free MS medium supplemented with 1 g dm–3 PVP. Subsequent subculture of globular embryos every 3 weeks on hormone-free MS medium led to the development of torpedo and cotyledonary stage embryos with the frequency of 75 and 83.2 % from hypocotyl explants of Nazilli M-503 and Nazilli-143, respectively. Afterwards, mature somatic embryos were isolated and cultured on hormone-free MS medium for germination and development into plantlets. The highest germination frequency (42.9 %) for Nazilli M-503 somatic embryos were obtained on hormone-free MS medium after 5 months with hypocotyl explants, whereas germination frequencies of Nazilli-143 embryos from hypocotyl, node and apex explants varied between 22 – 30 %. 相似文献
15.
Multiple shoot regeneration from the cut plumular ends of embryo axes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) was evaluated on Murashige and Skoog medium having different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.1 to 10.0 mg dm–3) 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm–3), kinetin (0.5 and 1.0 mg dm–3) or zeatin (2.0 and 4.0 mg dm–3). TDZ (0.2 mg dm–3) was found to be the most effective cytokinin as it produced multiple shoots in 100 % of the explants from genotypes C235, ICC5166, ICC12269, ICC4951, ICC11531, BG256 and a local cultivar. Shoots were elongated on growth regulator-free medium, and rooted on growth regulator-free medium containing 1/4 MS salts + full vitamins + 3 % sucrose. Plantlets formed were acclimatized for 12 – 15 d in MS medium with a gradual reduction in sucrose concentration and transferred into pots filled with soil and kept in the field; this resulted in more than 70 % survival. The plants developed normally and produced fertile flowers and set seeds. Low temperatures, maximum 19.0 °C, and minimum 8.2 °C, during the first 15 d of transfer favoured survival on transfer to pots. 相似文献
16.
An efficient system for shoot regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer into Brassica napus was developed through the modification of the culture conditions. Different concentrations of benzyladenine (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg dm–3) and thidiazuron (0.0, 0.15 and 0.30 mg dm–3) were evaluated for shoot regeneration of 7, 14 and 21-d-old hypocotyl explants. Maximum shoot regeneration frequency was obtained in 21-d-old explants using 4.5 mg dm–3 benzyladenine and 0.3 mg dm–3 thidiazuron. Under above culture condition, the highest percentage of shoot regeneration frequency was 200 %. Agrobacterium-infected explants grown on the selection medium gave rise to transgenic shoots at a frequency of 11.8 %. Transformed shoots rooted when cultured on a medium supplemented with 2 mg dm–3 of indolebutyric acid and 10 mg dm–3 kanamycin. The rooted plantlets were successfully established in the soil and developed fertile flowers and viable seeds. Evidences for transformation were confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. 相似文献
17.
Staphylococcus sp. strain S3/C desulfurized dibenzothiophene/n-hexadecane (3 mg ml–1) in a hydrocarbon aqueous biphasic culture. The resting cells decreased the sulfur content of the hydrocarbon phase by 57% at 2.2 mg l–1 h–1 in the absence of any additional carbon and sulfur source. 相似文献
18.
U. H. Brockmann K. Eberlein G. Hentzschel H. K. Schöne D. Siebers K. Wandschneider A. Weber 《Helgoland Marine Research》1977,30(1-4):201-216
The reproductibility of tank experiments concerning unicellular marine algal development was analyzed by means of parallel experiments with cultures ofThalassiosira rotula andSkeletonema costatum, using large flexible plastic tanks under semi-natural conditions. The tanks (3–4 m3, 4–5 m deep) were exposed in the German Bight at a station in the outer harbour of helgoland. The water was obtained from the open North Sea in towable tanks; it was filtered (plate filter), enriched with nitrate (20–30 gat dm–3), phosphate (1.3–2.3 gat dm–3) and silicate (15–23 gat dm–3)-nearly natural springtime concentrations in this area-and inoculated with 103–105 cells dm–3. The water was mixed with non-metal stirring equipment. Within 5 days, concentrations of 106–107 cells dm–3 in an exponential growth phase were obtained. In experiments withT. rotula a parallel development was achieved in spite of some contamination by surrounding water. This is the case for nearly all parameters analyzed (nutrient salts, phytoplankton, bacteria, C, N and particulate carbohydrates). The heterotrophic bacteria, which were determined by means of the plate method, reached concentrations of up to 106 (T. rotula) and 105 (S. costatum) CFU cm–3, respectively. They showed a consistent retrograde development at diatom concentrations above a certain level. The crop did not increase again until the diatoms had reached the stationary phase. During exponential growth ofT. rotula (G=8.9–11.7 h) a partially synchronous cell division was observed. There were also rhythms with respect to cell size (pervalvar axes) and chain length (number of cells). For the experiments withS. costatum (G=10–11.4 h) diurnal variations of cell size and chain length occurred. The present results indicate acceptable reproducibility of algal development and related phenomena in enclosed water bodies. 相似文献
19.
Introduction of Resistance to Herbicide Basta® in Savoy Cabbage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Sretenović-Rajičić S. Ninković B. Vinterhalter J. Miljuš-Djukić D. Vinterhalter 《Biologia Plantarum》2004,48(3):431-436
Resistance to herbicide Basta® was introduced into pure inbred lines of Savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. sabauda) by cocultivation of cotyledon and hypocotyl explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains AGL1/pDM805 and LBA4404/pGKB5 (LB5-1). Shoot regeneration occurred on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 mg dm–3 6-benzyladenine and 0.5 mg dm–3 indole-3-butyric acid at 42.3 % and 71.4 % of hypocotyl explants treated with AGL1/pDM805 and LB5-1, respectively. Putative transformants that survived selection on 10 mg dm–3 phosphinothricin (L-PPT) supplemented medium were confirmed by GUS assay and PCR analysis. The transformation rate was 58 % with AGL1/ pDM805 and 25 % with LB5-1. Rooted plantlets were acclimated and then again screened for Basta®-resistance by spraying with 15 – 60 mg dm–3 L-PPT. Surviving plants were selfed and Basta®-resistance was demonstrated in T1 progeny. 相似文献
20.
Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from ray florets of chrysanthemum 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Direct somatic embryogenesis from ray floret explants of five chrysanthemum cultivars has been obtained within 12 – 15 d on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyladenine (BA). Scanning electron microscopic observation also confirmed the direct origin of somatic embryos from explants. Somatic embryos developed asynchronously on the adaxial surface of explants. Among the five cultivars tested, Birbal Sahani was best responding (40 % explants responded on 4 mg dm–3 2,4-D and 2 mg dm–3 BA supplemented medium). Precocious germination of somatic embryos was noticed on the same medium. The best sucrose concentration in the medium was found to be 60 g dm–3 where 70 % explants responded while 55 % embryogenic response was obtained on medium supplemented with 400 mg dm–3 inositol. Plants developed from somatic embryos were transferred to soil and produced true-to-type flowers. 相似文献