金鱼藻的化学成分

从金鱼藻( Ceratophyllum demersum L .) 全草的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了其中7 个, 分别为: 苜蓿素-7- O-β- D-葡萄糖苷( 1) , naringenin-7- O-β- D-葡萄糖苷(2 ) , 七叶内酯(3) , β-谷甾醇(4 ) , 7α-羟基-β-谷甾醇(5) , 7α-甲氧基-β-谷甾醇(6) , 十六碳脂肪酸(7) 。化合物(3) 为首次从金鱼藻中分离得到。     

金鱼藻的化学成分

从金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)全草的乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了其中7个,分别为:苜蓿素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1) , naringenin-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2) ,七叶内酯(3) ,β-谷甾醇(4) , 7α-羟基-β-谷甾醇(5) , 7α-甲氧基-β-谷甾醇(6) ,十六碳脂肪酸(7)。化合物(3)为首次从金鱼藻中分离得到。     

云南产玉米须的化学成分研究

从玉米须60%乙醇提取液中分离得到了14个化合物,经波谱学方法分别鉴定为柯伊利素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、柯伊利素-6-C-β-波伊文糖-7-O-β-葡萄糖苷(2)、柯伊利素-6-C-β-波伊文糖苷(3)、L-鼠李糖(4)、豆甾-4-烯-3β,6β-二醇(5)、7α-羟基谷甾醇(6)、7β-羟基谷甾醇(7)、胡萝卜苷棕榈酸酯(8)、大豆脑苷I(9)、7α-羟基谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10)、麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(11)、棕榈酸(12)、胡萝卜苷(13)和β-谷甾醇(14),其中化合物1、4和7～12为首次从玉米须中分离得到。     

狗脊化学成分及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶生物活性研究北大核心CSCD

采用多种分离方法从狗脊(Woodwardia japonica)乙醇提取物中分离纯化出7个化合物,经现代波谱分析将它们的结构分别鉴定为3-O-[6’-O-(9Z-二十碳酰)-β-D-葡萄糖酰]-谷甾醇(1)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6’-O-正十六酰基)-葡萄糖苷(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、狗脊酸(4)、胡萝卜苷(5)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(6)和山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7)。其中化合物1的结构还未见报道。乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试表明化合物4具有一定抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。     

白花泡桐叶石油醚部分的化学成分研究

研究白花泡桐（Paulownia fortunei（Seem．）Hemsl．）叶的化学成分。利用色谱层析进行分离纯化,通过波谱数据结合理化性质,鉴定其化学结构为diplacone（1）、3′-O-Methyldiplacone（2）、熊果酸（ursolic acid,3）、β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,4）、胡萝卜苷（daucosteml,5）、1-乙酰基-2-（3’-羟基）十八烷酸甘油酯（1-aeetoxy-3-hydroxypro-pan-2-yl 3-hydmxyoetadecano-ate,6）、棕榈酸（hexadecanoic acid,7）。化合物1—7均为首次从本植物中得到。     

狗脊化学成分及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶生物活性研究

采用多种分离方法从狗脊(Woodwardia japonica)乙醇提取物中分离纯化出7个化合物,经现代波谱分析将它们的结构分别鉴定为3-O-[6’-O-(9Z-二十碳酰)-β-D-葡萄糖酰]-谷甾醇(1)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-α-L-(6’-O-正十六酰基)-葡萄糖苷(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、狗脊酸(4)、胡萝卜苷(5)、山柰素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(6)和山柰素-3-O-α-L-(4-O-乙酰基)-鼠李糖基-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(7)。其中化合物1的结构还未见报道。乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性测试表明化合物4具有一定抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶活性。     

云南美登木悬浮培养细胞的化学成分

利用组织培养方法以云南美登木(Maytenus hookeri Lose.)未木质化的茎和嫩叶为材料诱导出愈伤组织,经过继代培养建立了悬浮细胞培养系.培养物的乙酸乙酯提取物显示抗橙色青霉(Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376)生长的生物活性.对培养物进行化学成分研究,分离鉴定了9个化合物:2,3-diacetoxyl maytenusone (1)、角鲨烯 (squalene,2)、β-谷甾醇 (β-sitosterol,3)、2′,3′,4′-triacetylsitoindoside Ⅰ (4)、salaspermic acid (5)、美登酮酸 (maytenonic acid,6)、2α-羟基美登酮酸(2α-hydroxy-maytenonic acid,7)、6,11,12-trihydroxy-8,11,13-abietrien-7-one (8)和11,12-dihydroxy-8,11,13-abietrien-7-one (9),其中化合物1为新化合物.通过2D NMR对化合物5-7的NMR数据进行了全指定,并修正了化合物5和6的部分碳谱数据指定.     

云南美登木悬浮培养细胞的化学成分(英)

利用组织培养方法以云南美登木 (MaytenushookeriLose .)未木质化的茎和嫩叶为材料诱导出愈伤组织 ,经过继代培养建立了悬浮细胞培养系。培养物的乙酸乙酯提取物显示抗橙色青霉 (PenicilliumavellaneumUC_4 376 )生长的生物活性。对培养物进行化学成分研究 ,分离鉴定了 9个化合物 :2 ,3_diacetoxylmaytenusone (1)、角鲨烯 (squa lene ,2 )、β_谷甾醇 (β_sitosterol,3)、2′ ,3′,4′_triacetylsitoindosideⅠ (4)、salaspermicacid (5 )、美登酮酸 (maytenonicacid ,6 )、2α_羟基美登酮酸 (2α_hydroxy_maytenonicacid ,7)、6 ,11,12_trihydroxy_8,11,13_abietrien_7_one (8)和 11,12_dihydroxy_8,11,13_abietrien_7_one (9) ,其中化合物 1为新化合物。通过 2DNMR对化合物 5 - 7的NMR数据进行了全指定 ,并修正了化合物 5和 6的部分碳谱数据指定。     

云南美登木悬浮培养细胞的化学成分

利用组织培养方法以云南美登木（Maytenus hookeri Lose.）未木质化的茎和嫩叶为材料诱导出愈伤组织,经过继代培养建立了悬浮细胞培养系,培养物的乙酸乙酯提取物显示抗橙色青霉（Penicillium avellaneum UC-4376）生长的生物活性。对培养物进行化学成分研究,分离鉴定了9个化合物,2,3-diacetoxyl maytenusone(1)、角鲨烯（squa-lene,2）、β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,3)、2′,3′,4′-triacetylsitoindoside I(4)、salaspermic acid(5)、美登酮酸（maytenonic acid,6)、2α-羟基美登酮酸（2α-hydroxy-maytenonic acid,7)、6,11,12-trihydroxy-8,11,13-abietrien-7-one（8）和11,12-dihydroxy-8,11,13-abietrien-7-one（9）,其中化合物1为新化合物,通过2D NMR对化合物5-7的NMR数据进行了全指定,并修正了化合物5和6的部分碳谱数据指定。     

大叶桃花心木根的化学成分研究

为了解大叶桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)的化学成分,从其根的乙醇提取物中共分离得到13个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为1,5-dihydroxyxanthone(1)、1,6-dihydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone(2)、euxanthone(3)、1,2-dimethoxyxanthone(4)、(+)儿茶素(5)、(+)sesamin(6)、bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(7)、3-oxotirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic acid(8)、(20S)-3β-acetoxy-24-methylenedam-maran-20-ol(9)、cycloeucalenol(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin(12)和7-deacetoxy-7α-hydroxygedunin(13),其中化合物1~4、6~10和13为首次从桃花心木属植物中分离得到,且化合物4对乙酰胆碱酯酶具有一定的抑制活性。     

Identification and functions of amino acid residues in PotB and PotC involved in spermidine uptake activity

Amino acid residues on PotB and PotC involved in spermidine uptake were identified by random and site-directed mutagenesis. It was found that Trp(8), Tyr(43), Trp(100), Leu(110), and Tyr(261) in PotB and Trp(46), Asp(108), Glu(169), Ser(196), Asp(198), and Asp(199) in PotC were strongly involved in spermidine uptake and that Tyr(160), Glu(172), and Leu(274) in PotB and Tyr(19), Tyr(88), Tyr(148), Glu(160), Leu(195), and Tyr(211) in PotC were moderately involved in spermidine uptake. Among 11 amino acid residues that were strongly involved in spermidine uptake, Trp(8) in PotB was important for insertion of PotB and PotC into membranes. Tyr(43), Trp(100), and Leu(110) in PotB and Trp(46), Asp(108), Ser(196), and Asp(198) in PotC were found to be involved in the interaction with PotD. Leu(110) and Tyr(261) in PotB and Asp(108), Asp(198), and Asp(199) in PotC were involved in the recognition of spermidine, and Trp(100) and Tyr(261) in PotB and Asp(108), Glu(169), and Asp(198) in PotC were involved in ATPase activity of PotA. Accordingly, Trp(100) in PotB was involved in both PotD recognition and ATPase activity, Leu(110) in PotB was involved in both PotD and spermidine recognition, and Tyr(261) in PotB was involved in both spermidine recognition and ATPase activity. Asp(108) and Asp(198) in PotC were involved in PotD and spermidine recognition as well as ATPase activity. These results suggest that spermidine passage from PotD to the cytoplasm is coupled to the ATPase activity of PotA through a structural change of PotA by its ATPase activity.     

头花马先蒿和管花马先蒿的化学成分

从头花马先蒿全草中发现13个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为：（±）-松脂素（1）、金合欢素（2）、木犀草素（3）、7．去氧栀子新苷（4）、yuheinoside（5）、euphroside（6）、mussaenosidic acid（7）、莫桑苷（8）、桃叶珊瑚苷（9）、角胡麻苷（10）、异角胡麻苷（11）、贞桐苷A（12）和开德苷元（13）。从管花马先蒿全草中发现4个化合物,经鉴定为：（＋）．dehydrovomifoliol（14）、催吐萝芙木醇（15）、ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone（16）和3-hydroxy-1-（4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl）-1-propanone（17）。所有化合物均为首次在该种中发现。     

Helminths of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey

Fifteen roe deer were examined at necropsy from Northern Turkey in the period 2006-2010 for the helminth infections. Totally 6470 helminth specimens were collected and identified by morphological criteria. Twenty-five helminth species were identified (1 of the Class Trematoda, 1 of Cestoda and 23 of Nematoda). Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Prevalence 20%) was found in liver. Cysticercus tenuicollis (6.6%) was found in mesentery. Haemonchus contortus (53.3%), Ostertagia leptospicularis (73.3%), O. leptospicularis (minor morph: kolchida) (53.3%), Ostertagia ostertagi (26.6%), Spiculopteragia spiculoptera (66.6%), S. spiculoptera (minor morph: mathevossiani) (6.6%), Teladorsagia circumcincta (40.0%), T. circumcincta (minor morph: davtiani) (6.6%), T. circumcincta (minor morph: trifurcata) (6.6%), Trichostrongylus axei (66.6%) were found in abomasum. Trichostrongylus andreevi (6.6%), T. colubriformis (6.6%), T. longispicularis (26.6%), T. vitrinus (40.0%), T. capricola (6.6%), Cooperia oncophora (26.6%), C. punctata (6.6%), Nematodirus filicollis (66.6%), and Capillaria bovis (26.6%) were found in small intestine. Oesophagostomum venulosum (46.6%), Chabertia ovina (26.6%), and Trichuris ovis (13.3%) were found in large intestine. Dictyocaulus capreolus (6.6%) was found in lungs.     

ACAT inhibition of alkamides identified in the fruits of Piper nigrum

In this study, via a bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extracts of the fruits of Piper nigrum, alkamide (5) and five previously-identified alkamides were isolated. Their structures were elucidated via spectroscopic analysis ((1)H, (13)C NMR and ESI-MS), as follows: retrofractamide A (1), pipercide (2), piperchabamide D (3), pellitorin (4), dehydroretrofractamide C (5) and dehydropipernonaline (6). The IC(50) values determined for the compounds were 24.5 (1), 3.7 (2), 13.5 (3), 40.5 (4), 60 (5) and 90 microM (6), according to the results of an ACAT enzyme assay system using rat liver microsomes. These compounds all inhibited cholesterol esterification in HepG2 cells.     

Genetic and environmental analysis of dystocia and stillbirths in draft horses

Genetic parameters and environmental factors were estimated for foaling ease (FE) and stillbirths (SBs) in four breeds of draft horses based on 11 229, 38 877, 35 764 and 13 274 FE and SB scores recorded between 1998 and 2010 for Ardennais (A), Breton (B), Comtois (C) and Percheron (P), respectively. Incidences for the three FE categories were: easy or without help 91.0% (A) to 95.4% (B), difficult 3.4% (B) to 7.1% (A) and intervention of a veterinarian 1.1% (B) to 1.9% (A). The frequency of SB ranged between 5.4% (B) and 9.4% (A). A multiple-trait threshold animal model was used that included the effects of sex of foal, region, month, year of foaling, combined maternal age and parity, direct genetic, maternal genetic and permanent environments. Estimates were obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Gibbs sampling. The most unfavourable effect was first parity, which decreased the probability of easy foaling to 78.6% for A and 88.3% for B. Interaction with age showed that the risk for first foaling for mares aged 3 years was higher than at 4 or 5 to 9 years. This was also observed for SB with an increased probability of SB at first foaling of 17.9% (A) or 9.6% (B). The most unfavourable month was found to be the most frequent month for foaling (April) and not the most demanding months weather-wise (winter). For FE, direct heritabilities were A 0.27 (0.06), B 0.14 (0.03), C 0.18 (0.03) and P 0.18 (0.04), and maternal heritabilities were A 0.25 (0.06), B 0.19 (0.04), C 0.12 (0.03) and P 0.21 (0.06). Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were A −0.29 (0.14), B −0.39 (0.12), C −0.09 (0.14) and P −0.54 (0.17). For SB, direct heritabilities were A 0.52 (0.09), B 0.42 (0.04), C 0.28 (0.04) and P 0.39 (0.05), and maternal heritabilities were A 0.25 (0.05), B 0.10 (0.02), C 0.07 (0.02) and P 0.14 (0.02). Genetic correlations between direct and maternal genetic effects were A −0.85 (0.06), B −0.63 (0.06), C −0.64 (0.11) and P −0.69 (0.06). Direct genetic correlations between FE and SB traits were A 0.60 (0.10), B 0.58 (0.10), C 0.36 (0.10) and P 0.29 (0.15). Maternal genetic correlations between FE and SB traits were A 0.67 (0.10), B 0.47 (0.13), C 0.28 (0.15) and P 0.39 (0.15). These estimates are posterior means of the Gibbs samples and are within the upper limits of comparable results reported in cattle.     

望谟崖摩和曲枝崖摩的化学成分研究(英文)

为了寻找生物活性成分,采用色谱分离法对望谟崖摩和曲枝崖摩进行了化学成分研究。根据波谱学分析鉴定了化合物结构。从两种植物中分离得到了15个化合物,分别为8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-15,19-二酸（1）,8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-19-酸甲酯-15-醛（2）,15-O-乙酰基-8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-19-酸（3）,15-羟基-8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-19-酸（4）,15,19-二羟基-8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯（5）,19-羟基-8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-15-醛（6）,19-羟基-8（17）,13（Z）-半日花-二烯-15-醛（7）,8（17）,13（E）-半日花-二烯-19-酸-15-醛（8）,8（17）,13（Z）-半日花-二烯-19-酸-15-醛（9）,（＋）-儿茶素（10）,β-香树素（11）,豆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇（12）,东莨菪内酯（13）,β-谷甾醇（14）,胡萝卜苷（15）。上述化合物均为首次从崖摩属植物中分离得到的半日花烷型二萜。     

金花茶花化学成分的研究

采用反复硅胶柱色谱法、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法、ODS柱色谱法、反复重结晶等方法对金花茶花的化学成分进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱分析等方法进行结构鉴定.从金花茶花的乙醇提取物中分离得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为:槲皮素(1)、槲皮素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(...     

催吐萝芙木中生物碱的研究

从催吐萝芙木根的乙醇提取物中分离得到15个吲哚生物碱,利用波谱(ESI-MS,1H NMR,13C NMR)等技术分别鉴定为利血平(1),四氢鸭脚木碱(2),异山德维辛碱(3),利血平酸甲酯(4),萝芙木碱(5),山德维辛碱(6),异育亨宾(7),霹雳萝芙木碱(8),α-育亨宾(9),育亨宾(10),催吐萝芙木定(11),四叶萝芙新碱(12),harman(13),mauiensine(14),12-hydroxymauiensine(15)。其中化合物13 ~15是首次从该植物中分离到。     

Mutagenicity of the anticancer drug, caracemide, and related compounds for salmonella

Caracemide, MeCON(CONHMe)(OCONHMe) (I), is a novel anticancer drug. Since it was derived from acetohydroxamic acid (II), a known mutagen, its potential metabolites and related compounds were synthesized and tested for mutagenicities in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. These compounds were: MeNHCONH(OCONHMe) (III), MeCONH(OCONHMe) (IV), MeCONOH(CONHMe) (V), MeNHCOONH2 X HCl (VI), MeNHCONHOH (VII), MeNHCOON(CONHMe)2 (VIII), and NOH(CONHMe)2 (IX). The mutagenicities in the absence of rat liver homogenate were: (VI) much greater than (IV) greater than (II), (III), (V). The other compounds were not mutagenic. (I) was mutagenic only in the presence of rat liver homogenate. The doses required to demonstrate mutagenicities of these compounds were from 0.05 to 5 mumoles/plate. The major hydrolytic products at 25 degrees C, pH 7, were (III), (IV), and (V) from (I); (II) and (III) from (IV); and (II), (III), (VII) and MeNHCONH(OCOMe) (X) from (V). (III) was stable at pH 7. Treatment of (IV) with HCl yielded (VI). Hydrolysis of (III) or (V) with ammonia yielded (VII). These results suggest that caracemide may be activated enzymatically or nonenzymatically by deacetylation or decarbamoylation, and its anticancer activity may be related to the reactivity of its metabolites with DNA. The synthetic procedures and characterizations of new compounds (IV), (V) and (X) are described.     

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isozymes I, II, IV, V and IX with complex fluorides, chlorides and cyanides

The inhibition of five human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes, the cytosolic hCA I and II, the membrane-bound hCA IV, the mitochondrial hCA V and the tumour associated, transmembrane hCA IX, with complex anions incorporating fluoride, chloride and cyanide, as well as B(III), Si(IV), P(V), As(V), Al(III), Fe(II), Fe(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), Pt(IV), Cu(I), Ag(I), Au(I) and Nb(V) species has been investigated. Apparently, the most important factors influencing activity of these complexes are the nature of the central metal ion/element, and its charge. Geometry of these compounds appears to be less important, since both linear, tetrahedral, octahedral as well as pentagonal bipyramidal derivatives led to effective inhibitors. However, the five isozymes showed very different affinities for these anion inhibitors. The best hCA I inhibitors were cyanide, dicyanocuprate and dicyanoaurate (K(I)s in the range of 0.5-7.7 microM), whereas the least effective were fluoride and hexafluoroarsenate. The best hCA II inhibitors were cyanide, hexafluoroferrate and tetrachloroplatinate (K(I)s in the range of 0.02-0.51 mM), whereas the most ineffective ones were fluoride, hexafluoroaluminate and chloride. The best hCA IV inhibitors were dicyanocuprate (K(I) of 9.8 microM) and hexacyanoferrate(II) (K(I) of 10.0 microM), whereas the worst ones were tetrafluoroborate and hexafluoroaluminate (K(I)s in the range of 124-126 mM). The most effective hCA V inhibitors were cyanide, heptafluoroniobate and dicyanocuprate (K(I)s in the range of 0.015-0.79 mM), whereas the most ineffective ones were fluoride, chloride and tetrafluoroborate (K(I)s in the range of 143-241 mM). The best hCA IX inhibitors were on the other hand cyanide, heptafluoroniobate and dicyanoargentate (K(I)s in the range of 4 microM-0.33 mM), whereas the worst ones were hexacyanoferrate(III) and hexacyanoferrate(II).