Isolation of recombinant field strains of Marek’s disease virus integrated with reticuloendotheliosis virus genome fragments

Two Marek's disease virus (MDV) field strains were isolated from chickens with tumors independently from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and it was confirmed that there were no co-infections with reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) in indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFA) with REV-specific monoclonal antibodies. By dot blot hybridization and PCR of genomic DNA of MDV-infected CEF, it was indicated that LTR fragments of REV genome were integrated into genome of these two MDV field strains. To amplify and clone the integrated REV LTR with MDV sequence at the junction, 4 primers from REV LTR and 7 primers from MDV genome fragment with REV LTR insertion hot points were synthesized and 28 (4x7) pairs of primers (one from REV and another from MDV for each pair) were used in PCR while using the genomic DNA of both strains as the templates. The sequence data demonstrated that both recombinant field strains contained the same REV LTR inserted into MDV at the identical sites in US fragment of the genomes. From the above, it was speculated that both recombinant field MDVs were originated from a same recombinant virus and spread among chicken flocks in two provinces.     

马立克氏病病毒超强毒感染鸡羽髓蛋白质组分析

【目的】羽毛是细胞游离马立克氏病病毒(Marek’s disease virus,MDV)释放的部位,为了解感染MDV后鸡羽中宿主基因表达的变化及对病毒感染的应答,进行了MDV感染鸡的羽髓蛋白质组学分析。【方法】1日龄无特定病原体(specific pathogen free,SPF)鸡人工感染MDV超强毒RB1B株(1000PFU),感染后21d采集鸡羽毛,提取羽髓蛋白,以17cm,pH5-8的IPG胶条进行二维电泳,以未感染病毒的SPF鸡羽髓蛋白为对照,使用PDQuest软件对二维电泳图谱进行差异蛋白分析,并选取部分差异斑点进行质谱鉴定。【结果】PDQuest软件分析发现攻毒组和对照组表达差异大于两倍的蛋白点有41个,其中攻毒组表达上调的蛋白点25个,下调的蛋白点7个,新出现的蛋白点有9个。质谱分析共成功鉴定了21个斑点,对应于20个蛋白。如载脂蛋白AI(apolipoprotein AI)、14-3-3 sigma(两个斑点均为该蛋白)、癌蛋白18(stathmin)等。【结论】功能预测表明这些蛋白涉及到宿主的抗病毒应答、物质代谢、细胞骨架成分、细胞增殖相关等方面。     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

The genomic DNA extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) infected with a Chinese field isolate HA9901 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was used as the template to amplify the REV proviral genomic cDNA by PCR with 6 pairs of primers according to published sequences. Six overlapping fragments were amplified, cloned into the TA vector and sequenced, including a fragment which was amplified from the circular proviral cDNA and covering both 5′-and 3′-ends. The complete sequence of the whole genome was established and analyzed with a DNAstar software. Comparisons of the sequence with two other strains demonstrated that the genomes of REV were relatively conservative, the homogenecity for all genes or LTR fragments of the 3 strains was over 92%, no matter whether they were isolated from different species and regions in different years. But, the homology of Chinese strain HA9901 to a fowl pox virus-associated strain from Chickens was higher than that to strain SNV isolated from ducks.     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of avian retrovirus, can cause tumor, immune suppression and a runting disease syndrome[1,2]. With several clas-sical reference strains, such as strain SNV from ducks, a replication defective oncogenic strain T …     

鸡马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白gB基因的表达及基因免疫

将马立克氏病病毒(Marek's disease virus,MDV)gB基因插入真核表达载体pcDNA3中,经酶切和PCR鉴定为正向插入了gB基因的重组质粒,命名为pcDNA3-gB。体外转染COS-7细胞,经间接免疫荧光染色证实转染pcDNA3-gB后的COS-7细胞内有糖蛋白B的表达。用pcDNA3-gB对从肉用雏鸡腿部肌肉注射,进行一免。间隔2周后,用pcDNA3-gB再加强免疫一次。之后2周攻毒,观察免疫保护效果。结果表明,MDV gB基因DNA免疫可以诱导鸡体产生免疫保护,免疫保护指数为72．2％。     

表达传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

传染性法氏囊病（Infectious bursal disease,IBD）是一种由鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒（Infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV）引起的危害3～12周龄青年鸡的急性、高度接触性传染病.IBDV属于双RNA病毒科的禽双RNA病毒属,其基因组由A和B两个节段组成.研究表明,IBDV主要的抗原性及致病性位点均位于A片段,其中VP2蛋白具有血清型特异性位点,并能诱导产生抗病毒的血清中和抗体,是该病毒的主要抗原.     

表达IBDV VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV的构建及其免疫特性

将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)与鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的VP2基因融合,插入马立克氏病毒(MDV)CVI988/Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,成功构建表达VP2融合蛋白的MDVCVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2。将转移载体质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),筛选获得表达VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV(rMDV)。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)证明,rMDV传至第31代仍能稳定表达VP2融合蛋白。用rMDV免疫SPF鸡,进行IBDV攻毒保护试验,1日龄SPF鸡分别用1000PFU、2000PFU、5000PFU的rMDV进行免疫,33日龄用100LD50的IBDVJS超强毒进行攻毒,鸡的免疫保护率分别为50%、60%、80%。值得注意的是,5000PFU的rMDV一次免疫1日龄SPF鸡,其法氏囊组织病理损伤等级与IBD中等毒力活疫苗常规二次免疫相当(2·0/1·5),其保护效果无显著差异(p>0·05),而与非重组病毒免疫组相比较,保护效果差异显著(P<0·01),这表明构建的表达IBDVVP2融合蛋白的rMDV可以有效地为SPF鸡提供免疫保护作用。     

敲除meq的鸡马立克氏病毒强毒株对超强毒的免疫保护作用

【目的】比较和评价一株敲除了meq基因的马立克氏病毒(MDV)的致病性及其诱发的保护性免疫作用。【方法】将1日龄SPF鸡150只随机分为5组,每组30只,分别饲养于正压过滤空气的SPF动物饲养隔离罩内。1日龄时,第1和第5组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种GX0101Δmeq,第2组鸡以2000PFU/只的剂量腹腔接种CVI988/Rispens疫苗株,第3和第4组鸡不接种任何病毒作为对照组。免疫接种5d后,第1、2、3组分别以500PFU/只的剂量攻击MDV超强毒株vvrMd5。饲养90d,观察死亡情况,对各组死亡鸡只剖检,并取疑似马立克特有病变脏器做石蜡切片,于攻毒后90d处死全部存活鸡并随机取心脏、肝脏、脾脏做病理切片。【结果】单独接种GX0101Δmeq的第5组没有任何马立克氏病临床症状和特有的组织学病变,接种GX0101Δmeq再感染超强毒株vvrMd5的第1组也没有马立克病特有的组织学病变,但CVI988/Rispens免疫后感染超强毒株vvrMd5的第2组显示马立克病特有病变的病理切片比例为9/42,单独接种超强毒株vvrMd5的第3组死亡率为87%,死亡鸡出现可眼观典型肿瘤率为25%,免疫接种GX0101Δmeq和CVI988/Rispens的第1组和第2组对超强毒株vvrMd5攻击的保护指数分别为100%和89%。【结论】本实验构建的MDVmeq基因缺失株-GX0101Δmeq可在体外稳定复制,不仅对SPF鸡没有致病性和致瘤性,而且能诱导比CVI988/Rispens疫苗株更好的对超强毒MDV的免疫保护效果。     

Isolation of a reticuloendotheliosis virus from chickens inoculated with Marek's disease vaccine.

Over a period from spring to fall in 1974, a disease with delayed growth, anemia, abnormal feathers, and leg paralysis as main symptoms broke out in flocks of chickens inoculated with Marek's disease vaccine. A virus was isolated from affected birds in the field and the same lot of Marek's disease vaccine as inoculated into these birds. It had a common antigenicity to the T strain of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) and could not be discriminated from this strain on the basis of morphology or property. When chicks were inoculated with it, they presented essentially the same symptoms as the birds affected in the field. Since the disease was reproduced in this manner, it was presumed to have been caused by REV contained in the vaccine as contaminant. The virus persisted in the body for long time and also induced horizontal infection.     

表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

将禽流感病毒M2基因克隆于真核表达质粒pIRES-EGFP中,使其位于pCMV启动子的调控下,并与绿色荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）串联后,将上述串联基因插入到含MDV CVI988的非必需区US基因的重组质粒pUS2中,构建带标记的重组质粒,然后将此重组质粒转染感染了MDV CVI988的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用同源重组的方法,筛选了表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组病毒MDV1。经PCR、Dot-blotting,Western-blotting等实验的结果表明,禽流感病毒M2基因的确插入到MDV1（CVI988）基因组中并获得表达。重组MDV1免疫1日龄SPF鸡21天后,用ELISA可检测到M2蛋白的特异性抗体。接种了重组病毒rMDV的鸡体内针对H9N2疫苗血凝素的抗体滴度(p<0.05)明显提高,以禽流感病毒AIV A/Chicken/Guangdong/00（H9N2）攻毒后进行病毒重分离试验的结果发现,重组病毒能有效地降低病毒的排出量(p<0.01),说明该重组病毒可以用于防制禽流感的免疫。     

马立克氏病血清I型致瘤株病毒感染的早期检测

马立克氏病 (MD)是养禽业最重要的疫病之一 ,一直缺少有效的早期诊断方法。根据血清I型马立克氏病毒(MDV1)meq基因的核酸序列设计了一对寡苷酸核引物 ,分别对MDV1致瘤株 (京 - 1株 )、非致瘤株 (MD11/ 75C株、CV1988株 )、MDV2 (SB 1株 )、HVT(Fc 12 6株 )的核酸进行扩增。结果表明 :京 - 1株扩增到约 1 15kb核酸片段 ,MD11/ 75C株和CVI988株扩增到约 1 0kb核酸片段 ,而SB 1株、Fc 12 6株没得到任何扩增产物。PCR产物Dotblot结果显示 ,京 - 1株、MD11/ 75C株和CVI988株的扩增产物都与Digoxigenin标记的meq基因探针杂交 ,说明都是特异性的扩增产物。对MSB1细胞DNA及MDV感染鸡的血液及肝、肾肿瘤等DNA扩增都得到 1 15kb条带。将京 - 1株和CVI988株感染的细胞DNA混合再扩增 ,同时得到 1 15kb和 1 0kb的核酸条带 ,所以根据扩增产物大小可以区别致瘤株京 - 1株及非致瘤株CV1988株 ,这表示可从CVI988株病毒免疫鸡体内检测到MDV强毒 ,适于早期确诊强毒感染。     

马立克氏病病毒强毒GA株基因组BamH Ⅰ-L片段的序列分析

马立克氏病病毒（Ｍａｒｅｋ’ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｖｉｒｕｓ,ＭＤＶ）是一种能诱导鸡淋巴组织增生或淋巴肿瘤的细胞结合性疱疹病毒,由此而引起的马立克氏病（Ｍａｒｅｋ’ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ,ＭＤ）也是迄今为止唯一可以利用疫苗进行有效控制的肿瘤性疾病。鉴于此,作为研...     

串联表达马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白B主要抗原决定簇基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建

马立克氏病(Marek's disease,MD)是由马立克氏病病毒(Marek's disease virus,MDV)引起的一种具有高度传染性、淋巴组织增生性疾病,病理上以外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种脏器和皮肤发生单核细胞浸润为特征[1].MD是世界上最重要的家禽传染病之一,是造成世界养禽业重大经济损失的一个主要原因.20世纪70年代早期MD疫苗的发现才使MD得到控制[2].     

口蹄疫O型重组病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

【目的】利用反向遗传操作技术,构建含O型口蹄疫病毒(food-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV) 3个拓扑型免疫优势结构蛋白基因的重组FMDV,评估其作为猪O型口蹄疫(food-and-mouth disease, FMD)疫苗候选株的潜力。【方法】通过基因合成,在FMD疫苗株O/HN/CHA/93 (古典中国拓扑型)的基因中嵌合流行株O/NXYCh/CHA/2018 (东南亚拓扑型) VP1结构蛋白的重组病毒骨架上,用O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株(中东-南亚拓扑型) VP1蛋白的G-H环基因替换其对等基因,构建含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组全长质粒,Not I线性化后转染表达T7 RNA聚合酶的BSR/T7细胞,拯救重组病毒。通过RT-PCR、序列测定、间接免疫荧光鉴定重组病毒;噬斑试验和一步生长曲线分析重组病毒的生物学特性。重组病毒制备疫苗免疫猪,用病毒中和试验分析其对当前流行的O型3个拓扑型FMDV的交叉反应性。【结果】成功拯救到含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组病毒,重组病毒与亲本病毒具有相似的生物学特性。亲本病毒和重组病毒制备的疫苗免疫猪,均能够对中东-南亚型(Middle East-South Asia, ME-SA)拓扑型和东南亚型(South-East Asia, SEA)拓扑型病毒株产生保护性平均中和抗体(>1.65log₁₀);均不能对古典中国型(Cathay)拓扑型流行株产生保护性平均中和抗体(<1.65log₁₀),但与亲本病毒相比,O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株G-H环基因的替换显著提高了对ME-SA和SEA拓扑型病毒株的交叉反应性(p<0.05)。【结论】本研究对未来FMD疫苗的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

一株具有急性致瘤特性的马立克氏病病毒的分离与鉴定

应用鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)从免疫过CVI988/Rispens疫苗株患马立克氏病(MD)的三黄鸡中分离到一株马立克氏病病毒(MDV)(命名为YL040920株)。从该分离株蚀斑克隆获得的9个克隆在蚀斑形成时间及其形态大小上均无明显差别,表明它较为单一;应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术扩增并测定了毒株的致瘤相关基因meq的核苷酸序列,并与其他MDV-1参考毒株的序列进行比较分析,发现其序列具有MDV-1强毒株的特征;用基于抗MDV-1 MEQ蛋白的单克隆抗体3G12E6的免疫荧光试验(FA)对毒株的DEF培养物进行检测,发现有特异性的荧光定位于细胞核内;应用毒株感染霞烟鸡,最早在接种后(PI)21d即可诱发明显的内脏器官,在各器官肿瘤中以心脏、肝脏和皮肤的肿瘤发生率最高;用禽肿瘤病三重PCR鉴别诊断技术对毒株的DEF培养物以及感染鸡的内脏器官组织进行检测,均能扩增到MDV-1强毒株的特异性带,而网状内皮增生症病毒(REV)和禽白血病病毒(ALV)的检测则均为阴性。研究的结果表明,分离株YL040920为单一的MDV-1强毒株,无REV、ALV以及疫苗株CVI988/Rispens的混杂,并具有以心脏、肝脏和皮肤肿瘤为主的急性致瘤特性。     

接种不同毒力的马立克氏病病毒后鸡病毒血症的动态比较

1日龄非免疫鸡分别接 马立克氏病病毒（MDV）Ⅰ强毒GA株、Ⅰ型MDV疫苗毒CVI988株和Ⅲ型火鸡疱疹病毒（HVT）疫苗株后第4日起,定期采血并和抗MDV囊膜糖蛋白B(gB)单克隆抗体介导的间接免疫荧光试验检测MDV在外周因液单核细胞（PBMCs）中的感染状况。结果发现,自接种Ⅰ型强毒GA株后第4日至鸡发病死亡前,都能检出GA株引起的病毒血症,并于2周左右达到高峰;自接种CVI988株后第4日至第20日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第8天左右达到高峰;自接种HVT后第4日至第16日止,能检出病毒血症,并于第6天左右达到高峰。与此同时,将GA株病毒血症的IFA检测结果与细胞培养上病毒空班计数试验结果比较,发现IFA试验比空斑计数试验更为敏感。本试验既可用于判断对鸡作MDV疫苗免疫的接种效果,又可用于检测MDV野毒感染状态。     

Cytokine profiles in chickens infected with virulent and avirulent Marek's disease viruses: Interferon-gamma is a key factor in the protection of Marek's disease by vaccination

Marek's disease has been controlled by vaccination with avirulent strains of MDV. However, the protection mechanism following vaccination is not fully understood. In this study immune responses of PBMC and splenocytes derived from vaccinated chickens challenged with virulent MDV were examined using real-time PCR and ELISA. Higher levels of IFN-γ induction were observed in chickens vaccinated during the latent phase of infection with virulent MDV than in similarly challenged, unvaccinated chickens. Furthermore, the mean expression of IFNGR2 and IFN regulatory factor-3 mRNAs was significantly higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated chickens. These results show that IFN-γ could be one of the important factors in prevention of MD by vaccination and is effective during the latent phase of the infection.     

Inoculation experiment of Marek's disease vaccine contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus.

Two-day-old chicks were inoculated with one or ten doses of Marek's disease (MD) vaccine originated from the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) and contaminated with a reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). As a result, they presented such symptoms as abnormality in the vane of remiges, undergrowth, anemia, and leg paralysis. These symptoms were the same as those induced by the same vaccine among chicks in the field. Control chicks which had been placed in the same house as those inoculated with the vaccine exhibited no abnormal signs. A persistent infection with REV was noticed in the vaccine-inoculated group. A horizontal infection with REV was the highest in the control group, which was followed by the group inoculated with one dose and that inoculated with ten doses in the order listed. The antibody response of chicks to HVT and MD virus was also inhibited by REV.