Isolation of recombinant field strains of Marek’s disease virus integrated with reticuloendotheliosis virus genome fragments

Two Marek's disease virus (MDV) field strains were isolated from chickens with tumors independently from Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, and it was confirmed that there were no co-infections with reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) in indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFA) with REV-specific monoclonal antibodies. By dot blot hybridization and PCR of genomic DNA of MDV-infected CEF, it was indicated that LTR fragments of REV genome were integrated into genome of these two MDV field strains. To amplify and clone the integrated REV LTR with MDV sequence at the junction, 4 primers from REV LTR and 7 primers from MDV genome fragment with REV LTR insertion hot points were synthesized and 28 (4x7) pairs of primers (one from REV and another from MDV for each pair) were used in PCR while using the genomic DNA of both strains as the templates. The sequence data demonstrated that both recombinant field strains contained the same REV LTR inserted into MDV at the identical sites in US fragment of the genomes. From the above, it was speculated that both recombinant field MDVs were originated from a same recombinant virus and spread among chicken flocks in two provinces.     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), a member of avian retrovirus, can cause tumor, immune suppression and a runting disease syndrome[1,2]. With several clas-sical reference strains, such as strain SNV from ducks, a replication defective oncogenic strain T …     

Sequence analysis for the complete proviral genome of reticuloendotheliosis virus Chinese strain HA9901

The genomic DNA extracted from chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) infected with a Chinese field isolate HA9901 of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was used as the template to amplify the REV proviral genomic cDNA by PCR with 6 pairs of primers according to published sequences. Six overlapping fragments were amplified, cloned into the TA vector and sequenced, including a fragment which was amplified from the circular proviral cDNA and covering both 5′-and 3′-ends. The complete sequence of the whole genome was established and analyzed with a DNAstar software. Comparisons of the sequence with two other strains demonstrated that the genomes of REV were relatively conservative, the homogenecity for all genes or LTR fragments of the 3 strains was over 92%, no matter whether they were isolated from different species and regions in different years. But, the homology of Chinese strain HA9901 to a fowl pox virus-associated strain from Chickens was higher than that to strain SNV isolated from ducks.     

禽痘疫苗病毒中网状内皮组织增生病病毒5'LTR整合位点序列分析

参照国外发表的禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒（REV）5’长末端重复序列（LTR）在禽痘病毒（FPV）疫苗株基因组上的整合位点及相关序列,合成一对来自FPV的引物,从国内5个不同厂家生产的禽痘疫苗中经PCR均扩增到REV-5’LTR。通过序列比较发现,我国5个FPV疫苗毒株中REV-5’LTR整合位点与美国和澳大利亚的天然重组禽痘疫苗完全一致。其中,有3个的REV-5’LTR插入序列也与美国的Vac-3-Am株和澳大利亚的Vac-M3-Au株有100％的同源性。另2个中国疫苗毒株中的REV．LTR插入序列与美国疫苗毒株Vac-1-A。中的REV-LTR插入序列有99．6％的同源性。但是,这5个中国禽痘疫苗毒株中整合的REVLTR与中国近年分离到的REV野毒株HA9901的5’LTR的同源性只有75．4％-92．4％。     

含有禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒基因组片段的天然重组禽痘病毒的研究

将国内5个不同生产厂家来源的禽痘弱毒疫苗株和1株禽痘野毒株在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上连续传5代,用禽网状内皮组织增生病病毒(Reticuloendotheliosis virus,REV)特异性的单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验(Immunonuoreseellee assay,IFA),均检测不到传染性REV。但以6株禽痘病毒(FPV)感染的第2代和第5代细胞基因组提取物为模板,通过PCR均能扩增出REV的长末端重复序列(LTR)和囊膜蛋白(env)基因片段。用特异性核酸探针作分子斑点杂交(Dot blot),结果显示所扩增的PCR条带为特异的REV—LTR和REV—env)基因片段。实验结果表明,国内的一些痘病毒疫苗和野毒株基因组中,已稳定地整合进了REV的基因组成分。     

Complete Genome Sequence of a Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus Field Strain with One Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Long Terminal Repeat Insert

Marek''s disease virus (MDV) Chinese strain GX0101, isolated in 2001 from a vaccinated flock of layer chickens with severe tumors, was the first reported recombinant MDV field strain with one reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) insert. GX0101 belongs to very virulent MDV (vvMDV) but has higher horizontal transmission ability than the vvMDV strain Md5. The complete genome sequence of GX0101 is 178,101 nucleotides (nt) and contains only one REV-LTR insert at a site 267 nt upstream of the sorf2 gene. Moreover, GX0101 has 5 repeats of a 217-nt fragment in its terminal repeat short (TRS) region and 3 repeats in internal repeat short (IRS) region, compared to the other 10 strains with only 1 or 2 repeats in both TRS and IRS.     

Reticuloendotheliosis virus sequences within the genomes of field strains of fowlpox virus display variability

Nine field strains of fowlpox virus (FPV) isolated during a 24-year span from geographically diverse outbreaks of fowlpox in the United States were screened for the presence of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) sequences in their genomes by PCR. Each isolate appeared to be heterogeneous in that either a nearly intact provirus or just a 248- or 508-nucleotide fusion of portions of the integrated REV 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) was exclusively present at the same genomic site. In contrast, four fowlpox vaccines of FPV origin and three originating from pigeonpox virus were genetically homogeneous in having retained only the 248-bp LTR fusion, whereas two other FPV-based vaccines had only the larger one. These remnants of integrated REV presumably arose during homologous recombination at one of the two regions common to both LTRs or during retroviral excision from the FPV genome. Loss of the provirus appeared to be a natural event because the tripartite population could be detected in a field sample (tracheal lesion). Moreover, the provirus was also readily deleted during propagation of FPV in cultured cells, as evidenced by the detection of truncated LTRs after one passage of a plaque-purified FPV recombinant having a "genetically marked" provirus. However, the deletion mutants did not appear to have a substantial replicative advantage in vitro because even after 55 serial passages the original recombinant FPV was still prevalent. As to the in vivo environment, retention of the REV provirus may confer some benefit to FPV for infection of poultry previously vaccinated against fowlpox.     

SPF鸡胚中内源性白血病病毒全基因序列鉴定与分析

摘要:以国内某3家SPF鸡场的SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞提取的基因组DNA为模板,参照已发表的序列,设计合成了4对检测内源性白血病病毒引物,分别检测gag基因、pol基因、env基因和LTR片段,结果显示4者检出阳性率很高(gag,29/46;pol,27/46;env,24/46;LTR,31/46).设计合成了8对引物,选取4片段检测均为阳性的样品之一,经PCR成功扩增出了8段连续的、相互部分重叠的目的DNA片段,分别连接入T载体进行克隆测序.用DNAstar软件对测序结果进行拼接,从一个鸡胚得到了内源性白血病病毒前病毒全基因组序列.比较分析发现,该序列env基因与已知的E亚群内源性病毒代表株env基因的核苷酸序列同源性在98.5%以上,全基因组序列同源性在99.1%以上,而与其他亚群代表株同源性相对较低,env基因同源性仅为56.3%～91.5%.     

由反转录病毒载体转移的马立克病毒糖蛋白D基因在感染细胞中的表达

用ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＰｓｔＩ将已分离和克隆的马立克氏病病毒糖蛋白Ｄ基因从重组ｐＭｇＤ１８质粒中切出,克隆进反转录病毒质粒载体（ＲＣＡＳ）的连接质粒载全ＰＵＣＣｌａ１１２Ｎ的相同位点。用ＣｌａＩ再次ｇＤ基因切出,构建于ＲＣＡＳ的ＣｌａＩ位点。通过原位杂交筛选重组ＲＣＡＳ,并结合酶切分析鉴定出ｇＤ插入方向正确的重组ＲＣＡＳ。用磷酸钙沉淀法将ｇＤ重组ＲＣＡＳ转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）,转染后第９天收集细胞上     

利用细菌人工染色体技术构建整合F基因的重组MDV疫苗株*

目的:预防马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)混合感染鸡引起的疾病,构建表达NDV F蛋白的MDV疫苗株CVI988 BAC重组载体,并包装成重组病毒,为疫苗免疫提供更多的重组疫苗选择。方法:首先利用PCR扩增带有卡那霉素(Kanamycin,Kana)抗性基因片段的F基因,采用同源重组的方法将其整合到CVI988 BAC上,进一步诱导I-SceI表达敲除Kana基因而获得重组质粒CVI988 BAC-F。通过磷酸钙法转染鸡胚成纤维细胞获得重组病毒。结果:Western blot和间接免疫荧光实验证实重组病毒能够表达F蛋白。病毒生长曲线和蚀斑大小测定结果表明,F基因的插入不影响病毒的体外增殖。结论:利用BAC技术成功构建了整合F基因的重组MDV病毒CVI988 BAC-F,为MDV重组疫苗研发,防控NDV与MDV共感染奠定了基础。     

J亚群白血病病毒NX0101株感染性克隆化病毒的构建及其致病性

采用PCR方法分3段扩增出J亚群白血病病毒NX0 10 1株的前病毒cDNA ,PCR产物经克隆后顺次连接,获得一个含有完整ALV J前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pALV J NX。将此质粒DNA纯化后转染鸡胚成纤维细胞,以针对ALV J的单克隆抗体JE9对转染后的细胞作间接免疫荧光反应,证明获得了具有感染性的病毒。测定原始野毒和分子克隆化病毒的半数组织感染量(TCID50 ) ,分别人工接种1日龄商品代肉鸡并隔离饲养17周。接种野毒组死亡率为2 6 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 4 %。接种分子克隆化病毒组死亡率为2 2 % ,髓细胞瘤发病率为2 2 %。结果表明,克隆化病毒具有天然病毒的致病性并对肉用型鸡表现致瘤性     

分子克隆化禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒传染性及其前病毒全基因组序列研究

利用脂质体转染技术,将含有SNV株禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒 （REV）前病毒全基因组cDNA克隆质粒转染鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）.用对REV的单克隆抗体和抗REV env-gp90的鼠血清作间接免疫荧光反应,在原始的转染细胞及随后传代的细胞中均显示病毒特异性抗原.而且,在连续传代细胞中的阳性率明显升高.用REV特异性引物对进一步传代后的细胞基因组作PCR,也检测出REV基因组.这些结果均表明所得到的分子克隆化病毒具有传染性,因而也进一步证明所用的质粒克隆包含有具感染性的全病毒基因组.对该全基因组cDNA克隆进行酶切所获得的数个亚克隆进行测序,并将序列进行拼接,完成了REV全基因组序列.REV的这个传染性克隆将有助于进一步研究REV的分子生物学特性.     

表达GFP基因的马立克氏病病毒(MDV)转移载体的构建及初步应用

利用Primer primer 5.0软件设计两条引物,将loxP位点分别引入正、反向引物,以质粒载体pIRES-gpt为模板,扩增获得LoxP-CMV-gpt-IRES-LoxP基因表达盒(约2.9kb),将其克隆入质粒pBUS10 (含有MDV US10区) 的BalⅠ位点,获得重组质粒 pUS-gptIRES(L);对重组质粒pUS-gptIRES(L)进行测序分析,发现两同向的loxP位点正确插入到pUS-gptIRES(L)中;将含有完整的GFP基因以及poly A尾的基因片断,连入pUS-gptIRES(L)中,把gpt基因替换掉,从而获得重组质粒pUS-GFPIRES(L)。将转移载体pUS-GFPIRES(L)瞬时转染CHO细胞,可以观察到绿色荧光,说明GFP基因获得有效表达;将pUS-GFPIRES(L) 转染已感染MDV CVI988株的CEF细胞,可以筛选到表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组病毒;通过测定重组病毒在细胞上的生长曲线,发现重组病毒与亲本毒生长曲线相吻合。本研究为进一步探讨MDV在体内的特性奠定基础,同时,为Cre/LoxP重组酶系统在MDV中的应用奠定基础。     

Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide and gamma interferon on in vitro and in vivo replication of Marek's disease virus

The replication of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures was inhibited by the addition of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide (NO)-generating compound, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of CEF culture, prepared from 11-day-old embryos, with recombinant chicken gamma interferon (rChIFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in production of NO which was suppressed by the addition of N(G)-monomethyl L-arginine (NMMA), an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Incubation of CEF cultures for 72 h prior to treatment with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS was required for optimal NO production. Significant differences in NO production were observed in CEF derived from MDV-resistant N2a (major histocompatibility complex [MHC], B(21)B(21)) and MDV-susceptible S(13) (MHC, B(13)B(13)) and P2a (MHC, B(19)B(19)) chickens. N2a-derived CEF produced NO earlier and at higher levels than CEF from the other two lines. The lowest production of NO was detected in P2a-derived CEF. NO production in chicken splenocyte cultures followed a similar pattern, with the highest levels of NO produced in cultures from N2a chickens and the lowest levels produced in cultures from P2a chickens. Replication of MDV and HVT was significantly inhibited in CEF cultures treated with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS and producing NO. The addition of NMMA to CEF treated with rChIFN-gamma plus LPS reduced the inhibition. MDV infection of chickens treated with S-methylisothiourea, an inhibitor of iNOS, resulted in increased virus load compared to nontreated chickens. These results suggest that NO may play an important role in control of MDV replication in vivo.     

表达猪瘟病毒石门株E0基因重组鸡痘病毒的构建及动物免疫试验

应用PCR从质粒pMD18-T-E0中扩增编码CSFV E0蛋白的基因片段,定向克隆到重组鸡痘病毒表达载体FPV-P11上,进一步构建出重组鸡痘病毒转移载体FPV-pSY-E0.用脂质体将该质粒转染至鸡痘病毒感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)后,通过蓝斑纯化实验筛选出重组鸡痘病毒FV282-CSFV-E0.PCR证实E0基因已整合至鸡痘病毒基因组中,Western blot检测到重组病毒感染CEF细胞中E0蛋白的表达.重组病毒3次腹腔接种小鼠,ELISA检测血清抗体滴度高达1∶4 096.重组病毒免疫猪3次之后,接种猪瘟病毒强毒进行攻毒试验,结果对免疫组产生75%的保护率,为研制猪瘟活载体疫苗奠定了基础.     

表达IBDV VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV的构建及其免疫特性

将增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(eGFP)与鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)的VP2基因融合,插入马立克氏病毒(MDV)CVI988/Rispens的非必需区US10片段中,成功构建表达VP2融合蛋白的MDVCVI988转移载体pUC18-US10-VP2。将转移载体质粒与CVI988/Rispens疫苗毒共转染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),筛选获得表达VP2融合蛋白的重组MDV(rMDV)。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和间接免疫荧光实验(IFA)证明,rMDV传至第31代仍能稳定表达VP2融合蛋白。用rMDV免疫SPF鸡,进行IBDV攻毒保护试验,1日龄SPF鸡分别用1000PFU、2000PFU、5000PFU的rMDV进行免疫,33日龄用100LD50的IBDVJS超强毒进行攻毒,鸡的免疫保护率分别为50%、60%、80%。值得注意的是,5000PFU的rMDV一次免疫1日龄SPF鸡,其法氏囊组织病理损伤等级与IBD中等毒力活疫苗常规二次免疫相当(2·0/1·5),其保护效果无显著差异(p>0·05),而与非重组病毒免疫组相比较,保护效果差异显著(P<0·01),这表明构建的表达IBDVVP2融合蛋白的rMDV可以有效地为SPF鸡提供免疫保护作用。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组CVI988病毒的构建及特性

提取马立克氏病毒Ⅰ型疫苗毒株CVI988的总DNA为模板,利用PCR技术扩增出病毒生长非必需的US2基因并克隆入T—easy载体。将CMV启动子和增强子控制的含GFP基因表达盒克隆入US2基因中,成功构建了含GFP基因的转移质粒载体pGUS2GFP。用脂质体将其与CVI988株共转染CEF细胞,用96孔板稀释法得到纯化的表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组CVI988病毒株rCVIGFP,并分别测定其在体内和体外的生长情况。表达EGFP基因的重组病毒在细胞上生长曲线与亲本毒CVI988类似,体外实验表明,1日龄腹腔接种该重组毒后,可以从鸡体内分离到表达绿色荧光的病毒。     

Integration of Rous-associated virus type O provirus in susceptible chicken cells.

The number of viral genome equivalents per haploid cell genome was determined in normal chicken embryos from three selected chicken lines and in cultured fibroblasts (CEF) from these embryos. The cellular concentration of endogenous proviral DNA is similar in embryos from chickens of lines SPAFAS, 7, 15, 7 x 15, and 100. The concentration of proviral DNA is not affected by in vitro cultivation in CEF from lines that do not spontaneously produce virus, nor in CEF from line 7, which lacks receptors for Rous-associated virus type 0 (RAV-0). There is, however, a restricted increase in the number of integrated proviral genome equivalents in CEF from line 7 x 15, which produces RAV-0 and can support replication of this virus, and in CEF from line 15 experimentally infected with RAV-0.     

表达H5亚型禽流感病毒HA基因和鸡IL-18基因重组禽痘病毒的构建

[目的]获得共表达H5亚型AIV HA基因和鸡IL-18基因的重组禽痘病毒.[方法]将含痘病毒启动子LP2EP2的HA基因和鸡IL-18基因插入到禽痘病毒转移载体pSY681中,获得重组转移载体pSYHA/IL-18.用脂质体将其转染已感染亲本禽痘病毒S-FPV-017株的鸡胚成纤维细胞,使其在鸡胚成纤维细胞内与禽痘病毒基因组发生同源重组,产生表达HA和IL-18的重组禽痘病毒(rFPV-HA-IL-18).在含有X-gal的营养琼脂培养基上进行蓝斑筛选后,对重组禽痘病毒又进行了多次蚀斑克隆.[结果]以重组禽痘病毒DNA为模板,利用HA基因和鸡IL-18基因引物进行PCR,分别扩增出1条约1.7 kb带和1条0.6 kb左右的带.以间接免疫荧光试验、T细胞转化试验和SPF雏鸡免疫接种证实重组禽痘病毒能表达HA和鸡IL-18,并初步证明鸡IL-18增强HA免疫作用.[结论]重组禽痘病毒能表达具有生物学活性的HA和鸡IL-18.