干扰素在肝癌细胞Huh7.0中诱导SAMHD1抑制HBV复制

目的:研究干扰素调节宿主限制性因子SAMHD1的表达而抑制HBV复制的分子机制。方法:首先不同剂量的干扰素α、β和γ处理Huh7. 0细胞,通过荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测SAMHD1在转录和翻译后的表达水平;进一步通过siRNA干扰内源性的SAMHD1,再评价干扰素α、β对病毒的抑制效应;最后通过免疫荧光检测了干扰素α诱导内源性SAMHD1的细胞定位及Southern blot检测了SAMHD1细胞定位对病毒复制的影响。结果:在Huh7. 0细胞中,SAMHD1的RNA水平和蛋白表达明显受干扰素α和β的诱导升高;干扰SAMHD1后干扰素α和β对HBV复制的抑制作用消失; SAMHD1定位在细胞核内,干扰素α诱导SAMHD1同样定位在细胞核内,缺失核定位信号后SAMHD1丧失了其抑制病毒复制的作用。结论:在Huh7细胞中,干扰素α、β能诱导SAMHD1表达上调来抑制HBV的复制,SAMDH1的抗病毒作用依赖于其细胞定位。     

Improved Cerebral Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7 Tesla – Feasibility Study and Preliminary Results Using Optimized Venous Saturation Pulses

Purpose

Conventional saturation pulses cannot be used for 7 Tesla ultra-high-resolution time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) due to specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations. We overcome these limitations by utilizing low flip angle, variable rate selective excitation (VERSE) algorithm saturation pulses.

Material and Methods

Twenty-five neurosurgical patients (male n = 8, female n = 17; average age 49.64 years; range 26–70 years) with different intracranial vascular pathologies were enrolled in this trial. All patients were examined with a 7 Tesla (Magnetom 7 T, Siemens) whole body scanner system utilizing a dedicated 32-channel head coil. For venous saturation pulses a 35° flip angle was applied. Two neuroradiologists evaluated the delineation of arterial vessels in the Circle of Willis, delineation of vascular pathologies, presence of artifacts, vessel-tissue contrast and overall image quality of TOF MRA scans in consensus on a five-point scale. Normalized signal intensities in the confluence of venous sinuses, M1 segment of left middle cerebral artery and adjacent gray matter were measured and vessel-tissue contrasts were calculated.

Results

Ratings for the majority of patients ranged between good and excellent for most of the evaluated features. Venous saturation was sufficient for all cases with minor artifacts in arteriovenous malformations and arteriovenous fistulas. Quantitative signal intensity measurements showed high vessel-tissue contrast for confluence of venous sinuses, M1 segment of left middle cerebral artery and adjacent gray matter.

Conclusion

The use of novel low flip angle VERSE algorithm pulses for saturation of venous vessels can overcome SAR limitations in 7 Tesla ultra-high-resolution TOF MRA. Our protocol is suitable for clinical application with excellent image quality for delineation of various intracranial vascular pathologies.     

Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Multiple Myeloma at 3.0 Tesla: How Do Bone Marrow Plasma Cell Percentage and Selection of Protocols Affect Lesion Conspicuity?

Purpose

To compare various pulse sequences in terms of percent contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for detection of focal multiple myeloma lesions and to assess the dependence of lesion conspicuity on the bone marrow plasma cell percent (BMPC%).

Materials and Methods

Sagittal T₁-weighted FSE, fat-suppressed T₂-weighted FSE (FS- T₂ FSE), fast STIR and iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) imaging of the lumbar spine were performed (n = 45). Bone marrow (BM)-focal myeloma lesion percent contrast and CNR were calculated. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were obtained between percent contrast, CNR and BMPC%. Percent contrasts and CNRs were compared among the three imaging sequences.

Results

BM-focal lesion percent contrasts, CNRs and BMPC% showed significant negative correlations in the three fat-suppression techniques. Percent contrast and CNRs were significantly higher for FS- T2 FSE than for STIR (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively), but no significant differences were found among the three fat-suppression methods in the low tumor load BM group.

Conclusion

The higher BMPC% was within BM, the less conspicuous the focal lesion was on fat-suppressed MRI. The most effective protocol for detecting focal lesions was FS- T₂ FSE. In the high tumor load BM group, no significant differences in lesion conspicuity were identified among the three fat-suppression techniques.     

使用Matlab 7.0处理林木育种非平衡试验数据——以三阶巢式设计为例说明之

为了解决林木遗传育种中,平衡不平衡,规则不规则的试验数据的统计处理问题,笔者利用杉木三阶巢式设计的非平衡试验数据为研究对象,采用M语言,编写该试验数据处理程序.该试验有8个种源,每个种源6个家系,造林时每个家系40个样株,家系密集型设计.经研究发现,Matlab7.0处理平衡不平衡、规则不规则的试验数据方面效果极好,值得推广应用.     

Secular Trends in Measures of Cephalo-Facial Traits among Bengalee Boys Aged 7.0–16.0 Years from Kolkata between 1982–1983 and 1999–2001

While a large number of studies on secular trends have been performed on measures of stature, weight, trunk and limb dimensions, subcutaneous fatness and body composition, etc., less attention has been paid to cephalo-facial traits. This study reports on secular trends in five cephalo-facial traits (head length, head breadth, head circumference, bizygomatic breadth and morphological facial height) and two indices (cephalic index and facial index) in Bengalee Hindu boys between ages 7.0 and 16.0 years. The data set comes from two cross-sectional growth surveys carried out among the students of one particular Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) boys school with an interval of about 20 years (1982–1983 and 1999–2001). Identical protocol with respect to sampling, data collection, measuring technique and data analysis has been followed in both surveys. Except for morphological facial height (which showed negative secular trends), the other four cephalo-facial traits showed positive secular trends with varying magnitudes over the two decades. Cephalic index did not reveal any consistent pattern of change, while facial index showed a declining trend in the later survey.