重组艾滋病疫苗gp120

美国Genentech公司和Southwest生物医学研究基金会用黑猩猩证明利用基因重组生产的部分疫苗对艾滋病病毒有抑制效果.用于攻击试验的病毒株与作为疫苗使用的病毒同样具有相关基因.艾滋病疫苗的最大麻烦之一是不能适应抗原的变异.用黑猩猩证明利用基因工程生产的部分疫苗的有效性,还是第一例.该公司在《Nature》杂志上发表了     

A dynamic target-based pharmacophoric model mapping the CD4 binding site on HIV-1 gp120 to identify new inhibitors of gp120–CD4 protein–protein interactions

A dynamic target-based pharmacophoric model mapping the CD4 binding site on HIV-1 gp120 was built and used to identify new hits able to inhibit gp120–CD4 protein–protein interactions. Two compounds showed micromolar inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cells attributable to an interference with the entry step of infection, by direct interaction with gp120. Inactivity of compounds toward a M475I strain suggested specific contacts with the Phe43 cavity of gp120.     

Discovery of a small molecule inhibitor through interference with the gp120–CD4 interaction

A series of piperazine derivatives were designed and synthesised as gp120–CD4 inhibitors. SAR studies led to the discovery of potent inhibitors in a cell based anti viral assay represented by compounds 9 and 28. The rat pharmacokinetic and antiviral profiles of selected compounds are also presented.     

独用CD4无助于治疗艾滋病

据美国Genentech公司透露,在Ⅰ阶段临床试验中,可溶性CD4受体和CD4为基础的免疫附着疗法未在艾滋病感染患者中获得一致的临床效果.由此,公司将把研究集中到它的第二代抗艾滋病CD4免疫附着剂或CD 4-IgG上,以防止艾滋病病毒从感染的妊娠妇女传给其胎儿.监视Genentech公司rDNA CD4产品开发的R&D有限合营组织董事会也将停止分子结合物作为HIV感染患者唯一治疗物的临床试验. 另一方面,动物研究证实,CD 4-IgG可穿过胎盘.Genentech已开始人类研究,包括HIV感染婴儿的安全性研究.首次Ⅰ期研究将是目前多单位正在进行的儿科学研究的延伸,还将增加HIV感染妊娠妇女的研究.第二次Ⅰ期研究将估价高剂量CD 4-IgG对感染患者的     

Are CD4 and Fas peptide identities of gp120 relevant to the molecular basis of AIDS pathogenesis?

The release of virions from HIV-1-infected CD4 cells, although occurring readily as a result of immune activation, does not appear to be the only mechanism mediating T-cell loss in AIDS. Three other interacting HIV-1-induced immune disorders in association with viral release (the source of gp120 molecules) may also account for the constitutive T-cell depletion and functional immune suppression: 1. gp120-induced CD4(+) cell anergy, which can be reproduced in cultures of immune activated normal T-cells in the presence of gp120 or gp120 peptide containing the SLWDQ sequence identity to the CD4 molecule; 2. overproduction of IFNalpha and gamma, 3. activation-driven apoptosis of non infected T-cells. Apoptosis of T-cells could also be: 1. induced by effector components - particularly CTL and lymphotoxins produced by helper T-cells of the anti-Fas autoimmune reaction triggered by gp120 epitopes shared with the Fas/APO-1 molecule; 2. enhanced by IFN overproduction. These molecular mechanisms stress the importance in the progression to AIDS of both the viral load and HIV-induced cytokine dysregulation, including overproduction of IFNalpha, which should be considered as targets in the development of strategies for AIDS prophylaxis and immunotherapy.     

一例艾滋病痴呆综合征病人HIV-1 gp120基因多样性及生物学活性位点分析

为探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒1型HIV-1 gp120基因多样性和生物学活性位点与艾滋病痴呆综合征之间的关系,从一例艾滋病痴呆综合征病例尸检标本的淋巴结和中枢神经组织(大脑5个部位:颞叶灰/白质连接处、脑室周围组织、脉络丛、枕叶白质及枕叶灰/白质连接处)提取不同组织来源的基因组DNA,经PCR法扩增HIV-1 gp120基因,经克隆后挑选阳性克隆菌株,对插入片段进行测序。用生物学软件处理并绘制系统发生树,分析糖基化位点,计算ds/dn值,分析V3顶端四肽及关键位点的氨基酸。结果显示,该病人感染的病毒是HIV-1B亚型;分离自不同组织的HIV-1 gp120基因存在差异;与标准序列相比,分离自该病人的HIV-1 gp120基因的部分生物学活性位点存在改变,且源自外周淋巴组织与中枢神经组织的HIV-1 gp120基因中部分生物学活性位点也存在差异。结果表明,HIV-1 gp120基因多样性及与脑组织相关的某些生物学活性位点的改变可能与艾滋病痴呆综合征的发病机制存在一定关系。     

基因疗法和艾滋病:病毒载体产生诱惑CD4

遗传疗法在以CD4为基础的艾滋病试验疗法中能够发挥作用。CD4分子是艾滋病病毒在进入T细胞前所附着的T细胞受体。CD4疗法的理论是,注入人体的可溶性人工受体CD4可充当诱惑物,并溶解艾滋病病毒,使之不能侵入免疫细胞。初步研究结果令人充满希望,但CD4的半衰期很短,因而,要维持抑制病毒侵染所必需的诱惑CD4的水平是较困难的。基因疗法由此产生。     

Biogen公司和国立过敏及传染病研究所着手对艾滋病患者进行CD4的临床试验

Biogen公司的重组CD4已转入到人体临床试验上了。目前,国立过敏及传染病研究所(NIAID)、麻萨诸塞州综合医院、Cedars Sinai医学中心也合伙进行这项研究。第一阶段的研究是剂量逐步增加,主要是测定该蛋白在人体中的安全性。大约25名艾滋病患者和艾滋病相关综合症患者将获得可溶性CD4。Biogen公司和麻萨诸塞州综合医院实验室试验表明,Biogen公司的重组CD4阻碍了艾滋病病毒对T-辅助细胞(T4淋巴细胞)的直接侵     

重组HIV表面抗原gp120的表达纯化及免疫学鉴定

为研制具有流行特点的HIV血清学诊断试剂,采用pET系统表达HIV-1表面糖蛋白gp120。研究发现,全长的gp120在E.coli中不能有效表达;N端半长的gp120可以表达,但表达量很低;仅保留N端1/3的gp120(包含gp120V1/V2抗原决定簇)有效表达,表达蛋白占菌体总蛋白的18%;Westernblot显示较好的反应原性;通过金属螯合层析,产物得到完全纯化。在这些结果的基础上,我们表达了流行株的gp120片段,为探索gp120在大肠杆菌的高效表达,建立针对中国人群的HIV血清学诊断系统奠定基础。     

重组HIV表面抗原gp120的表达纯化及免疫学鉴定

为研制具有流行特点的HIV血清学诊断试剂,采用pET系统表达HIV－1表达糖蛋白gp120。研究发现,全长的gp120在E.coli中不能有效表达;N端半长的gp120可以表达,但表达量很低;仅保留N端1／3的gp120（包含gp120V1／V2抗决定簇）有效表达,表达蛋白占菌体总蛋白的18％;Western blot显示较好的反应原性;通过金属螯合层析,产物得到完全纯化。在这些结果的基础上,我们表达了流行株的gp120片段,为探索gp120在大肠杆菌的高效表达,建立针对中国人群的HIV血清学诊断系统奠定基础。     

Molecular docking guided structure based design of symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted urea/thiourea as HIV-1 gp120–CD4 binding inhibitors

Induced fit molecular docking studies were performed on BMS-806 derivatives reported as small molecule inhibitors of HIV-1 gp120–CD4 binding. Comprehensive study of protein–ligand interactions guided in identification and design of novel symmetrical N,N′-disubstituted urea and thiourea as HIV-1 gp120–CD4 binding inhibitors. These molecules were synthesized in aqueous medium using microwave irradiation. Synthesized molecules were screened for their inhibitory ability by HIV-1 gp120–CD4 capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Designed compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 gp120–CD4 binding in micromolar (0.013–0.247 μM) concentrations.     

CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞与艾滋病疾病进展的关系概论

艾滋病是全球流行的一种严重传染病,严重损害机体免疫系统,病死率高,至今仍无治愈手段。该病以破环细胞免疫功能为主,因此,认识疾病病程的免疫状态对于进一步探索治疗艾滋病的方法意义重大。CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞在感染性疾病、移植耐受、自身免疫等疾病中的免疫作用是近年来研究热点。在艾滋病中,CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞发挥着重要的免疫作用,研究在不同疾病阶段该细胞亚群所起作用将有助于我们揭示疾病免疫机制。本文概述了CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞频率与艾滋病疾病进展的关系。     

Cryptic Determinant of α4β7 Binding in the V2 Loop of HIV-1 gp120

The peptide segment of the second variable loop of HIV-1 spanning positions 166–181 harbors two functionally important sites. The first, spanning positions 179–181, engages the human α4β7 integrin receptor which is involved in T-cell gut-homing and may play a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-host cell interactions. The second, at positions 166–178, is a major target of anti-V2 antibodies elicited by the ALVAC/AIDSVAX vaccine used in the RV144 clinical trial. Notably, these two sites are directly adjacent, but do not overlap. Here, we report the identity of a second determinant of α4β7 binding located at positions 170–172 of the V2 loop. This segment – tripeptide QRV^170–172– is located within the second site, yet functionally affects the first site. The absence of this segment abrogates α4β7 binding in peptides bearing the same sequence from position 173–185 as the V2 loops of the RV144 vaccines. However, peptides exhibiting V2 loop sequences from heterologous HIV-1 strains that include this QRV^170–172 motif bind the α4β7 receptor on cells. Therefore, the peptide segment at positions 166–178 of the V2 loop of HIV-1 viruses appears to harbor a cryptic determinant of α4β7 binding. Prior studies show that the anti-V2 antibody response elicited by the RV144 vaccine, along with immune pressure inferred from a sieve analysis, is directed to this same region of the V2 loop. Accordingly, the anti-V2 antibodies that apparently reduced the risk of infection in the RV144 trial may have functioned by blocking α4β7-mediated HIV-host cell interactions via this cryptic determinant.     

Bispecific chimeric antigen receptors targeting the CD4 binding site and high-mannose Glycans of gp120 optimized for anti–human immunodeficiency virus potency and breadth with minimal immunogenicity

Background aims

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) offer great potential toward a functional cure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To achieve the necessary long-term virus suppression, we believe that CARs must be designed for optimal potency and anti-HIV specificity, and also for minimal probability of virus escape and CAR immunogenicity. CARs containing antibody-based motifs are problematic in the latter regard due to epitope mutation and anti-idiotypic immune responses against the variable regions.

Structural Basis for Highly Effective HIV-1 Neutralization by CD4-Mimetic Miniproteins Revealed by 1.5 Å Cocrystal Structure of gp120 and M48U1

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HIV-1B亚型gp120基因密码子优化前后免疫原性的比较

对HIV-1B亚型gp120基因按照哺乳动物优势密码子的使用原则进行优化,以Westem blot方法比较其体外表达量.将优化前的野生型gp120基因和改造后的modgp120基因插入重组腺伴随病毒载体,构建了重组病毒rAAV-wtgp120和rAAV-modgp120,比较两者免疫Balb/C小鼠后的抗体和CTL应答.Western blot检测结果显示:优化后基因的体外表达量明显高于野生型基因,rAAV-modgp120与rAAV-wtgp120相比可更好地诱导Balb/C小鼠的CTL应答,但检测不到明显的抗体反应.由此得出结论,优化后gp120基因的体外表达量明显高于野生型基因,并且可以诱导更强的特异性CTL应答,但检测不到gp120抗体.     

HIV病毒包膜蛋白gp120与卡介苗感染人巨噬细胞的实验研究

目的:比较研究HIV病毒包膜蛋白gp120与卡介苗分别及共同感染人巨噬细胞,对人巨噬细胞的破坏能力及诱导巨噬细胞产生一氧化氮(NO)能力的差异性.方法:gp120与卡介苗(BCG)分别及共同感染人巨噬细胞后,于不同时间点采用MTT法检测巨噬细胞存活率,利用硝酸还原酶法检测细胞培养上清液中NO的含量.结果:gp120与BCG分别及共同感染人巨噬细胞,均可降低巨噬细胞的存活率,但gp120与卡介苗共同感染巨噬细胞,其存活率降低更为显著(P＜0.05);gp120与BCG均可激活人巨噬细胞合成和释放NO,而gp120与BCG共同感染组激活人巨噬细胞合成和释放NO的量明显低于BCG感染组(P＜0.05).结论:gp120感染巨噬细胞可影响巨噬细胞抗微生物的活性,可增强卡介苗对巨噬细胞的破坏作用.     

HIV-1 gp120对鼠海马长时程增强效应的影响

为了探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(HIV-1)的包膜糖蛋白gp120对鼠海马脑片CA1区的突触传递及可塑性的影响,应用离体脑片记录技术,记录大鼠海马CA1区的兴奋性突触后电位(excitatory postsynaptic potential,EPSP),研究了gp120对高频电刺激Schaffer侧支引起的鼠长时程增强效应(long-term potentiation,LTP)的影响.结果发现:gp120对大鼠海马CA1区LTP产生抑制作用,对其基础EPSP没有影响,而且这种抑制效应随着gp120浓度增大而增强,即具有剂量依赖性.PKA/PKC蛋白激酶抑制剂H7可以反转这种抑制效应.提示:gp120可能是通过抑制海马CA1区的LTP而参与艾滋病相关性痴呆(HIV-1 associated dementia,HAD)的形成.