红色红曲菌M7核型分析与桔霉素、色素基因簇的染色体定位

以红色红曲菌Monascus ruber M7菌株为研究对象,对其核型进行分析,并将桔霉素与色素合成基因簇定位于染色体。通过原生质体制备,以脉冲场凝胶电泳进行核型分析。在此基础上,通过Southern杂交将桔霉素与色素合成基因簇定位于染色体。脉冲场凝胶电泳结果显示,红色红曲菌M7包含大小依次为4.9,4.3,3.7,3.4,3.0,2.3,2.1Mb的7条(I-VII)染色体,基因组大小约为23.7Mb。Southern杂交结果表明,桔霉素合成基因簇位于第IV条染色体上,色素合成基因簇位于第V条染色体上。     

Metabolism of organochlorine pesticide heptachlor and its metabolite heptachlor epoxide by white rot fungi, belonging to genus Phlebia

White rot fungi of the genus Phlebia have demonstrated a high capacity to degrade organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. In this study, we evaluated the ability of 18 white rot fungi species of genus Phlebia to degrade heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and described the metabolic pathways by selected white rot fungi. Phlebia tremellosa, Phlebia brevispora and Phlebia acanthocystis removed about 71%, 74% and 90% of heptachlor, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. A large amount of heptachlor epoxide and a small amount of 1-hydroxychlordene and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected as metabolic products of heptachlor from most fungal cultures. The screening of heptachlor epoxide-degrading fungi revealed that several fungi are capable of degrading heptachlor epoxide, which is a recalcitrant metabolite of heptachlor. Phlebia acanthocystis, P. brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16%, 16%, 22% and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were produced in these fungal cultures as metabolites, suggesting that the hydrolysis and hydroxylation reaction occur in the epoxide ring and in position 1 of heptachlor epoxide, respectively.     

红曲菌的色素与产生菌

介绍了红曲菌所产各种色素及其衍生物的化学结构和产生菌研究进展,以及红曲菌色素作为食品添加剂及防腐功能,活血、调节血脂、降血压及治疗胺血症等临床药效的原理。着重报道了作者筛选出的紫色红曲菌MonascuspurpureusNH4产生红斑素、红曲红素的培养条件,色素的提取及所产色素的理化特性。     

Production of citrinin by Monascus ruber submerged culture in chemically defined media

Following our investigations on citrinin production by Monascus ruber in a chemically defined medium, the kinetic behaviour of this toxin in the fermenter was studied with relation to production of pigments, biomass and nutrient consumption. Showing a secondary metabolite pattern, citrinin was produced when dμ/dt and dQ_s/dt were ≤ 0, while a high specific production rate of pigments occurred when dμ/dt and dQ_s/dt were > 0. No trophophase-idiophase transition was detected during the cuitivation, and the behaviour of pigment production was similar to that of a primary metabolite.     

Effect of pH on citrinin and red pigments production by Monascus purpureus CCT3802

The production of red pigments and citrinin by Monascus purpureus CCT3802 was investigated in submerged batch cultures performed in two phases: in the first phase, cells were grown on glucose, at pH 4.5, 5.5 or 6.5; after glucose depletion, pH was adjusted, when necessary, to 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0, 8.0 or 8.5, for a production phase. The highest total red pigments absorbance of 11.3 U was 16 times greater than the lowest absorbance and was achieved with growth at pH 5.5, followed by production at pH 8.5, which causes an immediate reduction of the intra cellular red pigments from 75% to 17% of the total absorbance. The lowest citrinin concentration, 5.5 mg L⁻¹, was verified in the same culture while the highest concentration, 55 mg L⁻¹, was verified in cultures entirely carried out at pH 5.5. An alkaline medium, besides promoting intra cellular red pigments excretion, strongly represses citrinin synthesis.     

Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay for PR-toxin in taxonomical assessment of fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium Link

The use of an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) involving polyclonal rabbit antibodies against BSA-conjugated PR-toxin (sensitivity, 1 ng/ml) established the ability to synthesize PR-toxin in 18 out of 35 morphologically identified strains of Penicillium roqueforti and P. chrysogenum. The results indicate that ELISA for PR-toxin may be used in assessing the taxonomical position of terverticillate penicillia in the presence of other micotoxins.     

Facultative methylotroph belonging to the genus Arthrobacter]

A bacterial strain has been isolated and identified, on the basis of its morphological and physiologo-biochemical properties, as Arthrobacter globiformis. The bacterium is a facultative methylotroph and grows not only on media with various organic compounds but also in the presence of methylated amines as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Other C1-substrates were not utilized.     

Phenotypic study by numerical taxonomy of strains belonging to the genus Aeromonas

AIMS: This study was undertaken to cluster and identify a large collection of Aeromonas strains. METHODS AND RESULTS: Numerical taxonomy was used to analyse phenotypic data obtained on 54 new isolates taken from water, fish, snails, sputum and 99 type and reference strains. Each strain was tested for 121 characters but only the data for 71 were analysed using the 'SSM' and 'SJ' coefficients, and the UPGMA clustering algorithm. At SJ values of > or = 81.6% the strains clustered into 22 phenons which were identified as Aer. jandaei, Aer. hydrophila, Aer. encheleia, Aer. veronii biogroup veronii, Aer. trota, Aer. caviae, Aer. eucrenophila, Aer. ichthiosmia, Aer. sobria, Aer. allosaccharophila, Aer. media, Aer. schubertii and Aer. salmonicida. The species Aer. veronii biogroup sobria was represented by several clusters which formed two phenotypic cores, the first related to reference strain CECT 4246 and the second related to CECT 4835. A good correlation was generally observed among this phenotypic clustering and previous genomic and phylogenetic data. In addition, three new phenotypic groups were found, which may represent new Aeromonas species. CONCLUSIONS: The phenetic approach was found to be a necessary tool to delimitate and identify the Aeromonas species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Valuable traits for identifying Aeromonas as well as the possible existence of new Aeromonas species or biotypes are indicated.     

Degradation of poly(L-lactide) by strains belonging to genus Amycolatopsis

Out of 25 Amycolatopsis strains, 15 formed clear zones on agar plate emulsified with poly(L-lactide) (PLA), suggesting a large distribution of PLA degraders within this genus. The clear zones were also observed with other polyesters and silk fibroin plates. In liquid cultures of PLA degraders, there were strains with and without ability to assimilate degradation products like L-lactic acid.     

Recycling of polyketides by fungi: the degradation of citrinin by Penicillium citrinum

Summary The degradation of citrinin by Penicillium citrinum in the presence of varying concentrations of glucose has been examined. Turnover of citrinin was found to be fast even in the presence of high concentrations of glucose. On the basis of these experiments, a role for citrinin in primary metabolism is postulated.     

红曲霉菌液相培养高产色素低产桔霉素的代谢调控研究

从8株固态发酵高产红曲色素菌株中筛选出一株适合于液相培养工艺的高产红曲色素菌株FL1,并对其液相培养过程特性及高产色素低产桔霉素的代谢调控策略进行了研究.发酵过程动力学研究结果表明,红曲色素与桔霉素作为次级代谢产物,其合成与红曲霉菌生长的关系属于非生长偶联型.本文首次采用连续补料的Fed-Batch培养技术,用于红曲霉...     

灰翅夜蛾属昆虫的性信息素研究概况

本文从雌蛾性信息素组分鉴定、雄蛾对性信息素的行为反应和性信息素的应用３个方面,综述了灰翅夜蛾属昆虫性信息的研究进展,并展望了此属昆虫性信息素的研究前景。     

Sequence-based identification of species belonging to the genus Debaryomyces

In the present study we assessed the identification by sequence analysis of the 15 species belonging to the genus Debaryomyces. We found that the following species can be identified both quickly and correctly by direct sequence comparison of the ribosomal 5.8S-ITS region: D. carsonii, D. etchelsii, D. maramus, D. melissophilus, D. occidentalis and D. yamadae. In contrast, the species D. castellii, D. coudertii, D. hansenii, D. nepalensis, D. polymorphus, D. pseudopolymorphus, D. robertsiae, D. udenii and D. vanrijiae showed high sequence similarity in ribosomal regions with one or several species. In these cases, sequence comparison of the ACT1 gene is proposed to ensure unequivocal strain designation.     

Genetic diversity analysis of isolates belonging to Bordetella genus

In this study, RandomAmplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to track differences among human and animals isolates of eight known species of Bordetella genus. One hundred representative strains of these species from international and Polish bacterial collections were genotyped according to RAPD protocols using primer 1254 or 1247. Problems with reproducibility and discriminatory power, frequently discussed in literature, have been overcome by precise optimization procedure, which allowed to achieve reliable conditions for Bordetella species analysed. This study proved high potential of RAPD method using primers 1247/1254 for intra-species differentiation of B. bronchiseptica and B. hinzii isolates. Additionally RAPD method has been found to be useful for confirming B. avium and B. holmesii identification.