共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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R A Herbert 《Trends in biotechnology》1992,10(11):395-402
It is well recognized that many environments considered by man to be extreme are colonized by microorganisms which are specifically adapted to these ecological niches. A diverse range of bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae and yeasts have been isolated from such habitats and it is now widely accepted that these microorganisms provide a valuable resource not only for exploitation in novel biotechnological processes but also as models for investigating how biomolecules are stabilized when subjected to extreme conditions. This short review summarizes our current state of knowledge of this unique group of microorganisms and their enzymes, and attempts to identify their future biotechnological potential. 相似文献
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Heavy metal-resistant bacteria as extremophiles: molecular physiology and biotechnological use of Ralstonia sp. CH34 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nies DH 《Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions》2000,4(2):77-82
In contrast to thermophilic or psychrophilic organisms, heavy metal-resistant bacteria do not supply enzymes that are active
under harsh conditions, but are themselves tools for the evaluation and remediation of heavy metal-contaminated environments.
Ralstonia sp. CH34 is a gram-negative bacterium with a remarkable set of resistance determinants, allowing this bacterium to live in
extreme environments that are heavily contaminated with toxic metal ions. These heavy metal ions are mostly detoxified by
inducible ion efflux systems that reduce the intracellular concentration of a given ion by active export. Because all metal
resistance determinants in this bacterium are inducible, their regulatory systems can be used to develop biosensors that measure
the biologically important concentrations of heavy metals in an environment. Resistance based on metal ion efflux detoxifies
only the cytoplasm of the respective cell. Therefore, this resistance mechanism cannot be used directly to develop biotechnological
procedures; however, metal ion efflux can protect a cell in a metal-contaminated environment. Thus, the cell can be enabled
to mediate biochemical reactions such as precipitation of heavy metals with the carbon dioxide produced during growth or degradation
of xenobiotics.
Received: July 11, 1999 / Accepted: December 27, 1999 相似文献
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M. Isabel González Siso Manuel Becerra Mónica Lamas Maceiras ángel Vizoso Vázquez M. Esperanza Cerdán 《Biotechnology letters》2012,34(12):2161-2173
Recent advances in the knowledge of molecular mechanisms that control the adaptation to low oxygen levels in yeast and their biotechnological applications, including bioproduct synthesis, such as ethanol, glutathione or recombinant proteins, as well as pathogenic virulence, are reviewed. Possible pathways and target genes, which might be of particular interest for the improvement of biotechnological applications, are evaluated. 相似文献
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Functional genomic approaches, such as proteomics, greatly enhance the value of genome sequences by providing a global level assessment of which genes are expressed, when genes are expressed and at what cellular levels gene products are synthesized. With over 1000 complete genome sequences of different microorganisms available, and DNA sequencing for environmental samples (metagenomes) producing vast amounts of gene sequence data, there is a real opportunity and a clear need to generate associated functional genomic data to learn about the source microorganisms. In contrast to the technological advances that have led to the accelerated rate and ease at which DNA sequence data can be generated, mass spectrometry based proteomics remains a technically sophisticated and exacting science. In recognition of the need to make proteomics more accessible to a growing number of environmental microbiologists so that the 'functional genomics gap' may be bridged, this review strives to demystify proteomic technologies and describe ways in which they have been applied, and more importantly, can be applied to study the physiology and ecology of extremophiles. 相似文献
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Molecular biology of extremophiles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Ciaramella R. Cannio M. Moracci F. M. Pisani M. Rossi 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1995,11(1):71-84
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Abbas Khojasteh Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili Diego Hidalgo Purificación Corchete Javier Palazon 《Biotechnology letters》2014,36(12):2393-2406
Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid, is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Interest in it is growing due to its promising biological activities, including cognitive-enhancing effects and slowing the development of Alzheimer’s disease, cancer chemoprotection or anti-inflammatory activity, among others. In order to meet the increasing demand for this compound, several biotechnological approaches to its production based on plant cell and hairy root cultures have been developed. Empirical strategies are currently being combined with metabolic engineering tools to increase RA production in plant cell platforms in a more rational way. Discussed here are the latest advances in the field, together with recent trends in plant biotechnology, such as the application of single use technology and the use of biosensors in downstream processes. 相似文献
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J. K. Kristjánsson G. O. Hreggvidsson 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》1995,11(1):17-25
This review describes the main natural extreme environments, characterized by high temperature, high and low pH and high salinity, that can be colonized by microorganisms. The environments covered are: freshwater alkaline hot springs; acidic solfatara fields; anaerobic geothermal mud and soils; acidic sulphur and pyrite areas; carbonate springs and alkaline soil; and soda and highly saline lakes. The community structure, in terms of available energy sources and representative autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms, is discussed for each type of habitat.The authors are with the Department of Biotechnology. Technological Institute of Iceland, Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavik, Iceland and with the Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland 相似文献
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Thermal waters in the Yellowstone Park, WY, USA, ecosystem have created a diverse array of extreme microbial habitats. Microbial ecology studies have begun to show the diversity of extremophiles present. Focusing attention on use of a variety of collection sites, sampled materials, approaches to preservation immediately after collection, pretreatments and, perhaps most importantly, media components, will ensure a greater range of organisms in a culture collection. The objective here is to review methods for cultivating extremophiles from Yellowstone geothermal habitats. 相似文献
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Flue gases are a resource yet to be fully utilised in microalgal biotechnology, not only to moderate the anthropogenic effects on our climate, but also to steer microalgal resource management towards innovative applications of microalgal biomass compounds. These gases, both untreated and treated into current discharge standards, contain CO2, N2, H2O, O2, NOx, SOx, CxHy, CO, particulate matter, halogen acids and heavy metals. To better steer and engineer flue gas-fed microalgal cultures, all these compounds need to be considered. Therefore, here, we review (i) the chemical composition and treatment technologies of flue gas, (ii) the uptake pathways and removal of the different compounds in microalgae reactors, and (iii) the tolerance and effects on microalgae of all flue gas compounds. By emphasising the interactions between microalgae and flue gas compounds, we envisage new pathways for microalgal biomass valorisation such as enzyme production for environmental technology, novel biogas production and biosequestration of minerals. Furthermore, we highlight fundamental and applied research niches that merit further investigation. 相似文献
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Marchand C Le Maréchal P Meyer Y Miginiac-Maslow M Issakidis-Bourguet E Decottignies P 《Proteomics》2004,4(9):2696-2706
Proteomics was used to search for putative thioredoxin (TRX) targets in leaves of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. About forty different proteins have been found to be reduced by TRX, after TRX itself has been specifically reduced by its NADPH-dependent reductase. Twenty-one of the identified proteins were already known or recently proposed to be TRX-dependent and nineteen of the proteins were new potential targets. The identified proteins are involved in a wide variety of processes, including the Calvin cycle, metabolism, photosynthesis, folding, defense against oxidative stress and amino acid synthesis. Two proteins from the glycine cleavage complex were also identified as putative TRX targets, and a new role can be postulated in leaves for TRX in defense against herbivores and/or pathogens. 相似文献
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Fuchao Xu Kandy Napan Shuwei Zhang Tyler Gladwin Jon Takemoto Jixun Zhan 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(15):3499-3502
Pradimicins are a group of antiviral and antifungal natural products from Actinomadura hibisca. Two putative O-methyltransferase genes, pdmF and pdmT, are present in the pradimicin biosynthetic gene cluster. However, there is only one methoxy group (11-OCH3) in pradimicins. Through heterologous expression and in vitro reactions with various substrates, PdmF was characterized as the C-11 O-methyltransferase with a relatively broad substrate specificity. To probe the role of PdmT in pradimicin biosynthesis, the corresponding gene was disrupted through homologous recombination, leading to the production of pradimicinone II. This enzyme was then expressed in Escherichia coli with an N-terminal His6 tag and purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Reaction of pradimicinone II with PdmT generated 7-O-methylpradimicinone II, confirming that this enzyme is a C-7 O-methyltransferase. Characterization of PdmT suggests a novel pathway that leads to the “flip” of 7-OH to C-14 in pradimicin biosynthesis. 相似文献