鼎湖山植物群落多样性的研究

根据鼎湖山自然保护区１６个植物群落的样地调查资料,从种丰富度和不同类型的物种多样性指数、均匀度与植被类型、人为干扰程度、演替阶段等方面的关系进行了分析。本区植被类型的多样性指数、均匀率指数变化反映了其结构复杂程度、生境的差异。物种丰富和多样性随着人为干扰程度的增强而降低。群落内各层的物种丰富度的大小的顺序为“灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层”,而群落多样性指数的大小顺序为“灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层”。群落多样     

浙江天台山七子花群落物种多样性研究

浙江省天台山主峰华顶山（２９°１５′Ｎ、１２１°０６′Ｅ）北侧的狮子岩坑处,沿山沟两侧呈带状分布的一小片以七子花（Ｈｅｐｔａｃｏｄｉｕｍｍｉｃｏｎｉｏｉｄｅｓ）为优势的群落。作者曾对该群落的特征和种群结构作了初步的研究［１,２］。本文通过对七子花群...     

连云港云台山规划造林区植物多样性及其与环境的关系

本文运用物种重要值、Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数、丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数以及Sorensen相似性系数,对连云港云台山规划造林区植物多样性进行研究,并对各个指数与环境因子作相关性分析。结果表明:该区域灌木层以毛壳竹最占优势,草本层中灰绿苔草重要值最高。植物多样性的各个指数基本上都是草本层>灌木层,Sorensen相似性系数表明样地相邻越近植物共有种数就越多。灌木多样性与土层厚度和坡向有关,而海拔和坡向对草本多样性有一定的影响。     

福建梅花山常绿阔叶林植物物种多样性及其海拔梯度格局

常绿阔叶林是福建梅花山国家级自然保护区地带性植被。采用样带与典型群落调查法对区内的常绿阔叶林14400m2样地展开调查,并对植物多样性海拔梯度格局进行分析,结果表明：（1） 群落植物物种丰富度、Gleason丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数的均值分别为64.42、10.75、5.75、3.50、0.58,且这5种指数在各样带间差异极为显著,并随海拔的升高均呈单峰曲线变化,峰值出现在海拔700m~900m。（2） 群落各层次的植物物种丰富度、Shannon Wiener指数均呈现灌木层（包括幼树和层间植物）〉乔木层〉草本层的特征。乔木、灌木层物种丰富度与乔木层Shannon Wiener指数在海拔梯度上的样带间差异极显著,变化趋势与群落相似;灌木层与草本层Shannon Wiener指数以及草本层物种丰富度随海拔梯度变化不明显。因此,梅花山自然保护区常绿阔叶林植物物种多样性的海拔梯度格局呈现单峰分布,并支持中间高度膨胀模式（mid domain model）。     

贺兰山木本植物群落物种多样性的海拔格局

 贺兰山位于中国温带草原和温带荒漠的过渡带,是研究干旱区山地物种多样性海拔格局的理想区域。该文通过样方法调查研究区的森林和灌丛群落,并运用广义可加模型分析物种多样性的海拔分布格局。结果表明：1）海拔是物种丰富度的重要影响因子,一般能解释原始数据30%～40%的变差。2）对于森林和灌丛群落,草本植物都是群落中比例最高的物种, 而且决定了群落总物种丰富度的海拔分布格局。3）森林群落的乔木层物种丰富度在中海拔区域最高,反映了中海拔区域相对优越的水热条件。灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度明显受到乔木层郁闭度的影响,有随海拔升高而降低的趋势。4）灌丛群落的灌木层和草本层物种丰富度均呈单峰格局,皆因低海拔的干旱和高海拔的寒冷抑制了多数物种的生存,仅气候条件适宜的中海拔区域能够生存丰富的物种。     

火灾恢复年限对大兴安岭森林乔灌草多样性及优势种影响

林火是大兴安岭地区森林生态系统的重要影响因子,研究火灾对植物多样性和优势种多度长期影响,有助于火灾区域森林生态系统重建与管理。本研究以大兴安岭不同火烧年限（1~5、5~10、10~20、20~30、30~40和40~50年）48对配对样地（火烧样地与邻近未火烧对照样地）为研究对象,利用二者差值变化来探讨森林恢复年限对植物多样性指数影响,通过对乔灌草相对多度变化确认火灾恢复对优势种的影响。研究结果表明：（1）火烧与对照间乔木多样性和丰富度差值先降后升趋势,在10年左右最低,而恢复30~40年后与对照样地相当或更高。灌木与乔木变化趋势相似,但是变化趋势多达到统计学显著（P<0.05）,灌木Shannon-wiener多样性指数和丰富度差值随年限增加而线性上升。草本Simpson多样性指数随火烧年限增加而直线下降,但是均匀度与丰富度没有出现线性变化。（2）乔灌草优势种变化趋势为：乔木层白桦（Betula platyphylla）在火烧5~30年占比均超过30%,在30年后占比不超过15%,同时兴安落叶松（Larix gmelinii）在30~40年占比超过50%;灌木层在0~30年均是越桔（Vaccinium vitis-idaea）占比最大,30年之后变为榛子（Corylus heterophylla）,草本层5~30年均是小叶章（Deyeuxia angustifolia）占比最大,30年之后变为其他物种。对照样地乔木层主要是兴安落叶松,占比超过50%,灌木层主要是越桔（Vaccinium vitis-idaea）,草本层主要是小叶章（Deyeuxia angustifolia）。整体来看,乔木火后恢复需要更长的时间,而灌木和草本火后恢复更快。植物多样性及优势种变化是研究其对生态服务功能（如碳汇）影响的基础,我们研究结果为天保工程后续实施及科学管理大兴安岭森林生态系统提供数据支撑。     

百花山植物群落物种多样性研究

基于百花山50个样方的调查资料，从不同类型群落的物种多样性及其与海拔的关系等方面对百花山植被进行了分析，并且用DCA排序和海拔高程排序对物种多样性在环境梯度上的分布格局进行了初步研究。结果表明：群落内不同生长型的物种丰富度指数在森林群落中大小顺序为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层，灌丛群落主要表现为草本层﹥灌木层，只有荆条灌丛表现为灌木层＞草本层；Shannon-Wiener指数在山杨—华北落叶松群落中表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层,其他森林群落为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层，在灌丛群落中主要表现为草本层＞灌木层，只有荆条灌丛表现为灌木层＞草本层；均匀度指数在灌丛群落中表现为灌木层＞草本层，在辽东栎林和山杨—华北落叶松林中表现为灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层,而其他森林群落表现为乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层。物种多样性在DCA第一轴排序和海拔高程梯度上都表现出单峰曲线变化趋势，但拟和效果的显著程度不同：丰富度和均匀度指数在海拔高程上曲线的拟和效果优于DCA环境梯度排序效果；而多样性指数则相反。     

白龙江上游地区森林植物群落物种多样性的研究

 白龙江上游地区属长江防护林工程重点地区之一。根据36个样地的调查资料,分析了该地区森林植物群落物种多样性的特征：群落内各层物种丰富度指数的大小顺序为“灌木层>草本层>乔木层”;均匀度指数变化比较复杂,在杜鹃巴山冷杉（Rhododendron fastigiatum-Abies fargesii）林中为“草本层>灌木层>乔木层”,在苔藓巴山冷杉林中为“乔木层>灌木层>草本层”,其余群落中为“灌木层>草本层>乔木层”;多样性指数的大小顺序为“乔木层<灌木层和草本层”,而灌木层与草本层的多样性指数随林分郁闭度变化而变化,在郁闭度30%的杜鹃巴山冷杉林中,草本层大于灌木层,在郁闭度47%的箭竹巴山冷杉林中,草本层和灌木层相当,在郁闭度55%以上的各个群落内,灌木层大于草本层。同一海拔不同坡向群落的物种多样性表现为分布于阳坡的油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）林大于分布于阴坡的草类云杉（Picea asperata）林。物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化表现为随海拔升高先降低后增加,从海拔2 400 m的栎类阔叶林,2 600 m的草类云杉林,2 800 m的箭竹(Sinarundinaria nitida)巴山冷杉林,到3 000 m的苔藓巴山冷杉林和3 200 m的杜鹃巴山冷杉林,物种多样性依次下降,到海拔3 400 m的高山杜鹃（Rhododendron fastigiatum）灌丛,物种多样性增加。物种多样性在紫果云杉(Picea purpurea)林的演替系列中表现为随群落演替发展而增加,后降低,在针阔混交林阶段达到最大。     

山西太原市综合公园植物多样性研究

城市公园绿地是城市园林绿地系统的主体,是集中体现城市植物多样性的场所,研究其植物多样性可为城市生物多样性保护提供基础。以山西太原市 17 个综合公园为研究对象,从植物应用的重要值、 Margalef 丰富度、Shannon-Wiener 多样性和 Pielou 均匀度分析其植物多样性,为太原市公园植物多样性保护及公园绿地建设提供参考。研究表明太原市综合公园的植物种类有 78 科 164 属 285 种。植物应用重要值排名前五的种类为大叶黄杨 > 紫叶小檗 > 圆柏 > 国槐 > 金叶女贞。植物丰富度指数为 26.42,乔木层 > 草本层 > 灌木层;多样性指数为 3.13,乔木层 >灌木层;均匀度指数为 0.60,乔木层 >灌木层。木本植物多样性总体评价较高的公园为汾河公园、玉门河公园和晋祠公园;较低的为映山湖公园、长风商务区大平台景观绿化、南海子公园。     

Relative importance of climate vs local factors in shaping the regional patterns of forest plant richness across northeast China

Northeast (NE) China covers three climatic zones and contains all the major forest types of NE Asia. We sampled 108 forest plots in six nature reserves across NE China to examine the influence of climate and local factors (canopy seasonality, successional stage, topography and forest structure) on geographic patterns of plant richness. We analyzed the relative effects of different factors at two spatial scales: the regional scale (across both latitude and altitude) and the local scale (along the altitudinal gradient within site). Our results showed that the relative importance of climate vs local factors differed remarkably depending on scale and functional group. While total and tree species richness were mainly limited by climate, herb and shrub richness was more related to local factors (especially at the local scale). In the climatic factors, heat sum was the major correlate of tree, shrub and total species richness, while herb richness was more associated with winter coldness. Precipitation was not a limiting factor for forest plant richness in NE China. Climate accounted for 34–76% of variation in richness at the regional scale, but explained only 0–44% at the local scale. Among the local factors, shrub species richness was sensitive to seasonal canopy openness, with higher richness in deciduous forests than in the evergreen needle-leaf forest. On the other hand, herb richness was sensitive to forest successional stage, with higher richness in middle- successional forests than in the early and late-sucessional forests. Local topography (aspect and position on slope) and forest structure (tree density) also showed remarkable influence on species richness. Our results suggest the importance of including local factors when examining large scale diversity gradient (especially for understory species), and the necessity of comparing diversity patterns among functional groups at different spatial scales.     

宝天曼地区栓皮栎林恢复过程中高等植物物种多样性变化

对宝天曼地区不同恢复阶段栓皮栎林的高等植物物种多样性特征进行了初步分析。结果表明,各层物种丰富度和多样性指数在不同恢复阶段栓皮栎林表现出草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层的趋势。乔木层物种丰富度和多样性指数基本上随恢复时间的增加而增加;灌木层在未破坏的栓皮栎林内较低,而在其他恢复阶段的栓皮栎林内基本相同;草本层在恢复５年、１５年和２５年的栓皮栎林中较高,而在恢复４５年和未破坏的栓皮栎林内较低。乔木层物种均匀度指数在未破坏的栓皮栎林中较高,在恢复２５年的栓皮栎林中较低;灌木层在恢复４５年的栓皮栎林中较高,在恢复１５年的栓皮栎林较低;草本层在恢复５年的栓皮栎林中较高,在恢复１５年的栓皮栎林中较低。不同恢复阶段栓皮栎林各层次间的物种多样性差异大多不显著,只有乔木层和草本层及灌木层和草本层之间的物种丰富度指数有显著差异。不同恢复阶段栓皮栎林在乔木层物种多样性特征上的差异最大,在灌木层物种多样性特征上有一定差异,在草本层物种多样性特征上没有明显的差异。     

Species Diversity and Altitudinal Gradient Patterns of Evergreen Broad leaved Forest in MeihuashanNational Natural Reserve,Fujian Province

In China, evergreen broad leaved forests (EBLFs) is one of the most important vegetation types which was widly distributed in subtropical area, and it plays a very important role in the global biological diversity and natural environment conservation also. In order to reveal species diversity and altitudinal gradient patterns of evergreen broad leaved forest in Meihuashan National Natural Reserve, Fujian Province. Five altitude transects were set up at a vertical interval of 200m between 375m and 1300m above sea level in the EBLFs distribution areas, and twenty four quadrats(14400m2) had been surveyed. Species richness(S), species richness index (dGl), Simpson index (D), Shannon Wiener index (H′), Pielou evenness index (J) had been used for analysis of species diversity and altitudinal gradient pattern of EBLFs. The average value of S, dGl, H′,J and D were 64.42, 10.75, 5.75, 3.50, 0.58 respectively. The difference of community species diversity index(S, dGl, D, H′, and J) was extremely significant between transects, and the altitudinal gradient patterns of species diversity presented the unimodal variable trend, with a peak in the mid altitude(700m-900m). The species richness and Shannon Wiener index of different layer were ranked as shrub layer (include young tree and the plants between layers)>arbor layer>herb layer. The species richness of tree and shrub layer, and Shannon Wiener index of tree layer were significantly different between at transects, and trends of altitude gradient was similar to community. The Shannon Wiener index of shrub layer and herb layer, and the species richness of herb layer did not change significantly along elevation gradient. Therefore, plant species diversity distribution pattern presented a unimodal variable trend along an elevation gradient, and supported “mid domain model” in EBLFs of Meihuashan National Nature Reserve.     

黄龙山林区油松林封育过程中植物物种多样性特征

对黄龙山林区不同封育年限油松林内的高等植物多样性特征进行了初步分析,结果表明:封育45a以前的油松林,群落内部各层物种丰富度随封育年限增加呈递增趋势,45a后群落内部各层物种丰富度随封育年限增加先增后减;不同封育年限的油松林,物种多样性指数表现出灌木层>乔木层>草本层的趋势,各层次的高等植物物种均匀度指数无相同的变化趋势,灌木层与草本层间各项多样性指数,乔木层与灌木层间,乔木层与草本层间的J和E存在显著差异;在乔木层物种多样性特征上,封育30a和封育75a的油松林差异显著;油松林在封育45a后,具有较高的草本植物物种多样性,但林内幼树密度大,形、质差,应进行卫生伐。     

北京城市生态系统植物种类构成及其分布特征

为了认识北京城市生态系统植物的构成特点、变化趋势及保护城市植物多样性 ,进而为北京城市绿化提供科学基础 ,对北京城区五环内各功能类型的植物进行了抽样调查、标本采集、鉴定和研究。结果表明 :(1)北京城区五环内共有维管束植物 99科30 7属 5 36种 ,其中北京本地种 2 79种 ,占总种数的 5 2 .0 5 % ,国内引进种 15 0种 ,占总种数的 2 7.99% ,国外引进种 10 7种 ,占总种数的 19.96 %。 (2 )北京城区植物属的区系地理成分以北温带成分为主 ,占城区总属数的 2 1.0 5 % ,远低于全北京植物北温带成分占 30 .30 %的比例 ;温带亚洲物种、旧世界温带物种、世界分布物种的比例都呈减少趋势 ;除旧世界热带物种成分外 ,其它热带物种成分的比例都有所增加。(3)城区各功能区物种丰富度从大到小的顺序为公园、学校校园、居民小区、道路、体育中心及单位场院、广场及公共建筑。公园、学校校园植物的总种数都占城区五环内植物总种数的 5 0 %以上 ,是城区植物的物种库。但本地植物物种比例在所有的功能区中均较低 ,甚至在公园与学校校园 ,本地物种的比例也分别只有 5 3.86 %与 5 2 .5 2 % ,居民小区和广场及公共建筑的北京本地种比例分别只有 4 1.39%和 4 0 .2 3%。 (4 )公园的乔、灌木植物多样性最高 ,荒地的草本植物     

大兴安岭呼中地区3种林分的群落特征、物种多样性差异及其耦合关系

准确理解天然林林分群落特征及其与物种多样性耦合关系是提升天然林管理、达到多样性保护的关键。选择大兴安岭呼中地区典型落叶松林、杂木林、白桦落叶松林为研究对象,分别对乔木层、灌木层和草本层特征(高度、胸径、冠幅、盖度等)进行调查并计算丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数,旨在探究林分间差异及其耦合关系变化。结果表明:(1)乔木层的树高、枝下高表现出杂木林落叶松林白桦落叶松(P0.05);落叶松林的胸径比白桦落叶松林和杂木林的高出6%和11%;灌木层的高度、盖度、地径、冠幅和草本层多度、盖度、高度在森林类型间均未表现出显著差异。(2)3个森林类型的乔、灌、草丰富度指数R、Shannon-Wiener指数及Simpson指数均表现出杂木林最大,乔木层和草本层呈相同规律,即杂木林白桦落叶松林落叶松林,而灌木层表现出杂木林落叶松林白桦落叶松林;白桦落叶松林和杂木林的乔木层均匀度Pielou指数和Alatalo指数约为落叶松林的3倍左右,而在灌木层和草本层在森林类型间差异不显著(P0.05)。(3)典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明林分群落特征和生物多样性关系存在明显森林类型间差异。总体表现为灌木特征(冠幅、地径)、草本层特征(盖度、多度和高度)对多样性均有较大影响;白桦落叶松林和杂木林的胸径对多样性影响明显,而落叶松林的乔木高度(树高、枝下高)对多样性影响较大。杂木林随着灌木盖度、草本高度的增加,草本物种多样性降低、乔木多和灌木物种多样性增加;而落叶松林相同的多样性变化多伴随草本高度增加、多度和盖度变小。灌木层物种多样性增加多与乔木和草本物种多样性降低相伴随,在杂木林中同时伴随着乔木胸径和草本的盖度、多度增大、灌木冠幅变小,而白桦落叶松林则伴随灌木冠幅和草本多度盖度的减小。以上结果表明,林分群落特征与物种多样性存在耦合关系,上述解耦合结果为通过维持良好森林结构、多样性保护具有实践意义。     

The complexity of forest borders determines the understorey vegetation

Questions

What are the most important drivers of plant species richness (gamma‐diversity) and species turnover (beta‐diversity) in the field layer of a forest edge? Does the tree and shrub species richness structure and complexity affect the richness of forest and grassland specialist species?

Location

Southeast Sweden.

Methods

We sampled 50 forest edges with different levels of structural complexity in agricultural landscapes. In each border we recorded trees, shrubs and herb layer species in a 50‐m transect parallel with the forest. We investigated species composition and species turnover in relation to the proportions of gaps in the border and the diversity of trees and shrubs.

Results

Total plant species richness in the field layer was mainly explained by the proportion of gaps to areas with full canopy cover and tree diversity. Increasing number of gaps promoted higher diversity of grassland specialist species within the field layer, resulting in open forest borders with the highest overall species richness. Gaps did however have a negative impact on forest species richness. Conversely, increasing forest species richness was positively related to tree diversity, but the number of grassland specialist species was negatively affected by tree diversity.

Conclusions

Managing forest borders, and therefore increasing the area of semi‐open habitats in fragmented agricultural landscapes, provides future opportunities to create a network of suitable habitats for both grassland and deciduous forest specialist species. Such measures therefore have the potential to increase functional connectivity and support dispersal of species in homogeneous forest/agricultural landscapes.     

临安次生灌丛植物多样性对林火烈度空间异质性的响应

以同一过火3a后临安市太阳镇天然次生灌丛为对象,采用样地调查法按不同林火烈度设置火干扰样地进行植物群落调查,以检验林分内部的林火烈度异质性是否与局部的植物多样性变化相关。结果表明:研究区共有高等植物83种,分属于38科67属,群落区系组成以亚热带科属为主,表现出常绿阔叶林已退化过渡到位于演替早期阶段的落叶次生灌丛群落的性质;低林火烈度对灌木层的树种组成有影响,但不明显;中烈度林火对灌木层的物种组成影响较大;低、中林火烈度下草本层的物种组成变化都很明显;灌木层的物种数和多样性指数都表现出低烈度火未火烧中烈度火的趋势;草本层的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出中烈度火低烈度火未火烧的趋势;草本层的物种组成和多样性受林火烈度的影响较灌木层更大。研究表明次生灌丛群落过火区内部林火烈度异质性在初期会引起植物多样性的响应差异;低烈度火干扰可以增加次生灌丛生物多样性、促进群落更新;中烈度火干扰下木本植物物种多样性丧失较大,而草本植物多样性显著增加,不利于群落的正向演替。     

北京松山自然保护区森林群落物种多样性及其神经网络预测

物种多样性是群落结构和功能复杂性的一种度量,物种多样性的空间分布格局受许多环境因子的影响.运用多样性指数,多层感知器网络,分析了松山保护区森林群落物种多样性与群落类型、结构和生境之间的关系.结果表明:(1)大果榆+山杨混交林、油松+青杨混交林物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度均较高,而大果榆林、华北落叶松林的各项指数值均较低.Patrick指数和Shannon-Weiner指数在森林群落中均表现为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层;Pielou指数在榆林中表现为草本层＞乔木层＞灌木层,而在其他森林群落中表现为灌木层＞草本层＞乔木层.(2)功能层物种多样性在海拔梯度上的变化趋势不同,在乔木层,丰富度、多样性和均匀度随海拔的升高逐渐降低;在灌木层,丰富度、多样性和均匀度均呈比较明显的单峰曲线变化趋势;在草本层,丰富度和多样性随海拔的升高都呈下降趋势,而在草本层,均匀度变化不大.(3)用多层感知器网络预测功能层多样性效果很好,结果发现坡向对乔木层和灌木层物种多样性的影响最大,而海拔高度对草本层物种多样性的影响最大.     

Plant species richness–environment relationships across the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition zone

Aim To evaluate the relative importance of climate, productivity, environmental heterogeneity, biotic associations and habitat use by cattle to account for the species richness of trees, shrubs and herbs across the Subantarctic–Patagonian transition. Location An area of c. 150 × 150 km, within the transition zone between the Subantarctic and Patagonian subregions on the eastern slope of the Andes (c. 39–42° S, 70–72° W). Methods All vascular plants found at each one of 50 (10 × 10 m) sampling plots were counted to estimate the local tree, shrub and herb species richness. Path analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the richness of the three life‐forms and plant cover, dried litter biomass, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, daily temperature range, substrate heterogeneity and number of faecal pats. Principal coordinates of neighbour matrices was used to model the spatial autocorrelation of the data. Results Total plant species richness showed a unimodal pattern of spatial variation across the transition. Richness responded positively to indirect effects of precipitation mediated through plant cover, but there was a negative overall effect of precipitation on richness towards the west of the transition, most strongly for trees. An increase in substrate heterogeneity promoted a local increase in herb and shrub richness; the richness of trees increased in sites with steeper slopes. Canopy closure had a direct negative impact on herb richness; it also increased the local accumulation of litter, which negatively affected shrub and herb richness. The impact of habitat use by cattle negatively affected herb richness in areas to the east of the biogeographical transition. Main conclusions We suggest that the importance of indirect climatic effects mediated by vegetation cover can account for species richness patterns across this transition, most strongly for woody species, which supports the productivity hypothesis. The southern temperate forests towards the west may represent a deviation from the predictions of the water–energy dynamics hypothesis. Dissimilar spatial patterns of variation in the richness of woody and herbaceous species, and their different responses to climatic and heterogeneity variables across the transition, suggest that plant life‐form influences the plant species richness–environment relationships.     

坡向和坡位对四川夹金山灌丛群落结构与物种多样性特征的影响

研究不同坡向、坡位夹金山灌丛群落结构和物种多样性特征。结果表明: 在 24 个样地中,共有维管植物 186 种,隶属于 50 科 127 属。其中,灌木层有 32 种,隶属于 14 科 22 属,阴坡下坡位物种数最多;草本层有 154 种,隶属于 43 科 109 属,阴坡物种数最少。灌木层的平均高度表现为阳坡>半阳坡>阴坡,平均密度则相反;草本层平均高度表现为阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡,平均密度无显著变化。坡位仅对阳坡草本层平均高度有显著影响,灌木层物种多样性在阴坡较高,草本层物种多样性在阳坡下坡位和阴坡中坡位较高。坡向对灌木层和草本层 Shannon多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、物种丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数影响显著(除草本层 Simpson 指数),坡位对灌木层和草本层物种多样性指数均无显著影响,坡向和坡位的交互作用对草本层物种多样性的影响大于灌木层。冗余分析(RDA)表明,物种多样性不仅与坡向正弦值、坡向余弦值相关,也与群落结构特征相关性较大。