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1.
Jerome Honnorat Michele Accominotti Christiane Broussolle Andree-Carole Fleuret Jean-Jacques Vallon Jacques Orgiazzi 《Biological trace element research》1992,32(1-3):311-316
Zinc status was assessed in 53 diabetic patients: 18 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (IDDM), 22 noninsulin-dependent diabetic
patients (NIDDM) treated with oral antidiabetic agents, and 13 insulin-treated, noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients (IRDM).
Plasma zinc concentrations were in the usual range for healthy subjects in these three groups (15.3±0.9 μmol/L). Urinary zinc
excretions were elevated in the IDDM group (18.3±4.1 μmol/24 h;p<0.01 vs normal) and in the NIDDM group (17.5±3.5 μmol/24 h;p<0.01 vs normal), but normal in the IRDM group (11.3±2.4 μmol/24 h). In 14 NIDDM patients treated with transient continuous
sc insulin injections, urinary zinc decreased from 16.5±2.2 μmol/24 h before insulin treatment to 11.5±0.3 μmol/24 h after
insulin treatment without any modification in plasma zinc concentrations. 相似文献
2.
Neuroprotective Effect of Etomidate in the Central Nervous System of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ates O Yucel N Cayli SR Altinoz E Yologlu S Kocak A Cakir CO Turkoz Y 《Neurochemical research》2006,31(6):777-783
It is well known that hyperglycaemia due to diabetes mellitus leads to oxidative stress in the central nervous system. Oxidative stress plays important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative changes. In the present study we investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of etomidate against streptozotocin-induced (STZ-induced) hyperglycaemia in the rat brain and spinal cord. A total of 40 rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into four groups: sham-control, diabetic, diabetic-etomidate treated and vehicle for etomidate treatment group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Three days after streptoztocin injection, etomidate (2 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for etomidate group and lipid emulsion (10%) for vehicle group was injected with corresponding amount intraperitoneally every day for 6 weeks. Six weeks after streptozotocin injection, seven rats from each group were killed and brain, brain stem and cervical spinal cord were removed. The hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord were dissected for the biochemical analysis (the level of malondialdehyde [MDA], total nitrite, reduced glutathione [GSH], and xanthine oxidase [XO] activity). STZ-induced diabetes resulted in significantly elevation of MDA, XO and nitrite levels in the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord of the rats (P < 0.05) while etomidate treatment provided significantly lower values (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that etomidate have neuroprotective effect on the neuronal tissue against the diabetic oxidative damage. 相似文献
3.
Christof Burgdorf Laura Hänsel Marc Heidbreder Frank Schütte Thomas Kurz 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2009,390(1):165-59
Lipin functions in mammalian phospholipid biosynthesis through its phosphatidate phosphohydrolase 1 (PAP1) activity. Here, we studied cardiac PAP1 activity and lipin expression ex vivo in 8-month-old Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats and humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing open heart surgery for coronary bypass grafting. Compared to non-diabetic littermates (ZDF-fa/+), left ventricular PAP1 activity was 29% lower in diabetic ZDF-fa/fa rats. Left ventricular PAP1 activities were 2.1-fold (ZDF-fa/fa) and 3.6-fold (ZDF-fa/+) higher than the respective atrial activities, indicating marked differences in cardiac distribution of PAP1. PAP1 activity was highly related with cardiac lipin-1 and lipin-3 mRNA expression in ZDF rats (r = 0.99 and 0.96). Consistent with the findings in experimental animals, human atrial tissue displayed PAP1 activity that was 33% lower in those having diabetes than in non-diabetic controls. Accordingly, atrial lipin-1 and lipin-3 mRNA expression in diabetic patients was 50% and 59% lower as in non-diabetic patients, respectively. Insulin therapy increased both PAP1 activity and lipin mRNA expression in diabetic patients. We conclude that suppression of cardiac PAP1 activity/lipin expression may contribute to metabolic dysfunction of the diabetic heart. 相似文献
4.
Ronald S. Kaplan June A. Mayor Renee Blackwell Glenn L. Wilson Stephen W. Schaffer 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1991,107(1):79-86
The effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (i.e., NIDDM; type 2 diabetes) on the levels of functional mitochondrial anion transport proteins has been determined utilizing
a chemically-induced neonatal model of NIDDM. We hypothesized that moderate insulin deficiency exacerbated by the insulin
resistance, which is characteristic of NIDDM, would cause changes in mitochondrial anion transporter function that were similar
to those we have previously shown to occur in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (i.e., IDDM; type 1 diabetes) (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 280: 181–191, 1990). Our experimental approach consisted of the extraction
of the pyruvate, dicarboxylate and citrate transport proteins from the mitochondrial inner membrane with Triton X-114 using
rat liver mitoplasts (prepared from diabetic and control animals) as the starting material, followed by the functional reconstitution
of each transporter in a proteoliposomal system. This strategy permitted the quantification of the functional levels of these
three transporters in the absence of the complications that arise when such measurements are carried out with intact mitochondria
(or mitoplasts). We found that experimental NIDDM did not cause significant changes in the extractable and reconstitutable
specific (and total) transport activities of the pyruvate, dicarboxylate, and citrate transporters. These results are in marked
contrast to our previous findings obtained using rats with IDDM and negated our hypothesis. The present results, in combination
with our earlier findings, allow us to conclude that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial anion
transporter function. Accordingly, in this model of NIDDM, where the level of insulin is not profoundly deficient, transporter
function is unaltered, whereas in IDDM, where a profound insulinopenia exists, transporter function is altered. Furthermore,
the present studies suggest that in the neonatal model of NIDDM the three mitochondrial transporters investigated are neither
affected by, nor are they the sites of the well documented hepatic post-receptor insulin resistance which is characteristic
of this disease. 相似文献
5.
Both IDDM and NIDDM are characterized by deviations in peripheral T and B lymphocyte count, Thelper:Tsuppressor ratio, as well as by impaired Tsuppressor function. These abnormalities may promote insulin antibody and other antibody production, contributing to overt diabetes mellitus development in early stage of the disease. In the present study we explored the effects of cerebrocrast (1,4‐dihydropyridine derivative) administration on Con A‐ and IL‐2‐stimulated tissue lymphocyte blast transformation activity and on the thymus and lymph node mass in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. It was established that cerebrocrast, administered four times at the doses of 0·05 and 0·5 mg kg−1, has long‐term (up to 14 days) effects on the immune system and protects against the toxic effect of STZ in STZ‐induced diabetic rats, preventing thymus and lymph node mass loss. We conclude that cerebrocrast administration leads to the increase in number and activity of Thelper and Tsuppressor lymphocytes. Glycolysis and DNA synthesis in these cells is augmented under the influence of cerebrocrast administration. We propose that the increase in lymphocyte suppressive activity caused by cerebrocrast administration may prevent the development of IDDM and NIDDM in patients with pre‐diabetes, but in patients with early and overt diabetes mellitus the drug administration may prevent the overexpression of insulin antibodies and other antibodies. The effect of cerebrocrast on the de novo production of insulin and IL‐2 receptors may be beneficial for IDDM and NIDDM patients. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
6.
Objective: The objective of this study was to characterize immune function in the fa/fa Zucker rat, and to determine the effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on immune function. Methods and Procedures: Lean and fa/fa Zucker rats were fed for 8 weeks nutritionally complete diets with different CLA isomers (%wt/wt): control (0%), c9t11 (0.4%), t10c12 (0.4%), or MIX (0.4% c9t11 + 0.4% t10c12). Isolated splenocytes were used to determine phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition and cell phenotypes, or stimulated with mitogen to determine their ability to produce cytokines, immunoglobulins (Ig), and nitric oxide (NO). Results: Splenocyte PL of fa/fa rats had a higher proportion of total monounsaturated fatty acids and n ?3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and lower n ?6 PUFA and n ?6‐to‐n ?3 PUFA ratio (P < 0.05). Feeding CLA increased the content of CLA isomers into PL, but there were lower proportions of each CLA isomer in fa/fa rats. Splenocytes of fa/fa rats produced more amounts of IgA, IgG, and IgM, NO, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) (P < 0.05). Obese rats fed the t10c12 diet produced less TNF‐α and IL‐1β (lippopolysaccharide (LPS), P < 0.05). Splenocytes of fa/fa rats produced less concanavalin A (ConA)‐stimulated IL‐2 (P < 0.0001) than lean rats, except fa/fa rats fed the c9t11 diet (P < 0.05). Discussion: The c9t11 and t10c12 CLA isomers were incorporated into the membrane PL of the fa/fa Zucker rat, but to a lesser extent than lean rats. Splenocytes of obese rats responded in a proinflammatory manner and had reduced T‐cell function and feeding the t10c12 and c9t11 CLA isomers may improve some of these abnormalities by distinct methods. 相似文献
7.
《Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology》1993,49(3):375-391
To investigate if alterations of the amino acid metabolism may play a more important role in the etiology of diabetic microangiopathy than hitherto recognized, free amino acids in plasma were measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in healthy individuals (REF) and patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Isoleucine and leucine in IDDM were within normal limits, whereas they were significantly higher in NIDDM (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). This was not due to age differences. In order to evaluate the impact of insulin on amino acid metabolism, amino acids were also measured in pregnant women (PREG) undergoing glucose tolerance tests as a screening for pregnancy diabetes and in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) undergoing euglycemic insulin clamp tests. Insulin considerably reduced the amino acid concentration. Isoleucine and leucine were particularly depressed. On the whole there was strong covariance between the three branched-chain amino acids, isoleucine, leucine, and valine (P < 0.0001). There was no covariance between amino acid and glucose or HbAlc concentrations, A protein meal strongly stimulated insulin production (+55 mIU/liter), whereas a galactose meal revealed only a minor increase in insulin response (+ 12 mIU/liter) in contrast to a tolerance test with the same amount of glucose (+ 67 mIU/liter). It is concluded that disturbed amino acid metabolism may be a more important causative factor in the etiology of diabetic microangiopathy than hitherto recognized and, in addition, that this may affect the therapeutic approach in both IDDM and NIDDM patients. 相似文献
8.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is required for neurotransmitter synthesis and learning. Conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) to DHA is considered adequate to support brain function in youth, but it is unknown if brain DHA can be maintained in insulin resistant states. This study investigated brain fatty acid and desaturase activities in young insulin resistant Zucker rats on diets with and without DHA. Male fa/fa and lean rats were fed diets enriched with flaxseed (FXO, ALA: 35.5% fatty acids), menhaden (MO, DHA: 9.2%) or safflower oil (SO, linoleic acid: 54.1%) for 9 weeks, n=8 per diet per genotype. Compared to lean, the 15 week old fa/fa rats were obese (56% heavier) and insulin-resistant (>18-fold in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance). The forebrain of fa/fa rats had higher palmitoleic (16:1n-7) and dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3n-6) acids, and higher Δ9, Δ6 but lower Δ5 (all P≤.006) desaturase indices than lean. The Δ9 and Δ6 desaturase indices positively, while the Δ5 negatively (all P≤.01) correlated with insulin resistance. The Δ9 desaturase index positively correlated with adiposity index. The percentage of forebrain DHA of fa/fa rats was lower (P=.011) than lean rats when fed FXO diet while there was no difference (P>.05) between fa/fa and lean rats fed MO or SO diet. Thus, the alterations in the fatty acid and desaturase indices in the brain were consistent inhibited forebrain synthesis of DHA in the fa/fa rats. ALA may not have potential to effectively serve as a precursor for synthesizing DHA for youth forebrain during insulin resistance since Δ5 desaturase activity is limited. 相似文献
9.
Yi SS Hwang IK Chun MS Kim YN Kim IY Lee IS Seong JK Yoon YS 《Neurochemical research》2009,34(5):851-858
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that is associated with the dysregulation of a number of systems within the body. In the
present study, we investigated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) immunoreactivity and its protein levels in the paraventricular
nuclei of 4-, 12-, 20- and 30-week-old Zucker diabetic fatty (fa/fa, ZDF) and in Zucker lean control (fa/+ or +/+, ZLC) rats, because the progressive induction of diabetes is detectable in this model after 7 weeks of age and chronic diabetic
conditions are maintained after 12 weeks of age. GR immunoreactivity was detected in parvocellular paraventricular nuclei
and this and GR protein levels were exponentially increased according to the ages. In particular, GR immunoreactivities and
protein levels were markedly more increased in 30-week-old ZDF rats than in age-matched ZLC group and in younger ZDF group.
The present study suggests that GR immunoreactivity and its protein level is associated with a degenerative phenotype in the
hypothalamus of from 12-weeks old in the ZDF rat type II diabetes model. 相似文献
10.
Martin J. King Subbiah Pugazhenthi Ramji L. Khandelwal Rajendra K. Sharma 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1995,153(1-2):151-155
N-Myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyses the transfer of myristate from myristoyl-CoA to the NH2-terminal glycine residue of several proteins and are important in signal transduction. STZ-induced diabetes (an animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) resulted in a 2-fold increase in rat liver NMT activity as compared with control animals. In obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats (an animal model for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) there was a4.7-fold lower liver particulate NMT activity as compared with the control lean rat livers. Administration of sodium orthovanadate to the diabetic rats normalised liver NMT activity. These results would indicate that the rat liver particulate N-myristoyltransferase activity appears to be inversely proportional to the level of plasma insulin, implicating insulin in the control of N-myristoylation.Abbreviations NMT
N-myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase
- IDDM
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- NIDDM
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
- NIP71
71 kDa N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor protein
- NAF45
45 kDa N-myristoyltransferase activating factor 相似文献
11.
Ali ST 《Acta physiologica Hungarica》1997,85(3):243-250
Value of the residual urine index was evaluated in 40 individuals both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) diabetic male patients with and without an objective evidence of neuropathy and in 20 age matched non-diabetic men serving as controls using post void bladder ultrasonographic technique. These studies revealed striking results in the neuropathic group. Both IDDM and NIDDM diabetic patients with neuropathy exhibited a significant (P < 0.005) increase in residual-volume in comparison with the controls of the same age group and a direct correlation between residual urine retention and neurogenic bladder was found to be established thus suggesting a generalized massive hypotonia of the bladder in these patients. However, non of the two types of non-neuropathic diabetic patients showed significant difference in the above-mentioned parameters compared to that their respective controls. A non-significant association in the values of the study parameters between insulin dependent and non-insulin dependent diabetic men (with and without neuropathy) was also observed. These findings thus suggest a probable neuropathic involvement in the pathway of urinary tract in both IDDM and NIDDM diabetic men with neuropathy. The greater impairment of the values of residual urine index in these patients may be due to overall greater severity of neuropathy with sympathetic as well as parasympathetic damage irrespective of their type of diabetes. 相似文献
12.
O. V. Miloserdova P. A. Slominsky I. V. Mauyanov D. S. Markov M. I. Balabolkin S. A. Limborska 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2001,37(1):98-101
Insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was analyzed in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and in the control group consisting of healthy subjects. The insertion allele (I) and genotype II were found to be associated with NIDDM. The frequencies of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in NIDDM patients were not associated with this polymorphism. However, an association was found between the DD genotype of the ACE gene and diabetic angiopathy in lower extremities. 相似文献
13.
Graber R Farine JC Fumagalli I Tatti V Losa GA 《Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death》1999,4(4):263-270
We have compared the concentrations of intracellular glutathione (GSH), glutathione-dependent antioxidative enzymes, the cell death rate and immunophenotype profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors and from patients with insulin-dependent type I (IDDM) or non insulin-dependent type II (NIDDM) diabetes mellitus. The IDDM and NIDDM patients had above-normal absolute lymphocyte counts, whereas the percentages of CD3, CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were significantly reduced. In contrast, the absolute number and percentage of B lymphocytes was higher in diabetic patients than in healthy donors. The low intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) and the unbalanced profile of key enzymes involved in GSH metabolism, gamma glutamyltransferase (-GT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), account for the increased oxidative status of PBMC from diabetic patients. The plasma membranes of PBMC from diabetic patients were less permeable to propidium iodide than those of PBMC from healthy donors, indicating that the apoptotic cell death rate was lower in the cells from diabetic patients. These differences are potentially useful markers of pathogenic metabolic changes which occur during clinical diabetes and if they are confirmed could be used to identify the onset of diabetes. 相似文献
14.
Ates O Cayli SR Altinoz E Yucel N Kocak A Tarim O Durak A Turkoz Y Yologlu S 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》2006,286(1-2):125-131
Both experimental and clinical studies suggests that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2. Hyperglycaemia leads to free radical generation and causes neural degeneration. In the present study we investigated the possible neuroprotective effect of mexiletine against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia in the rat brain and spinal cord.30 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, diabetic, and diabetic-mexiletine treated group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg body weight). Mexiletine (50 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every day for six weeks. After 6 weeks the brain, brain stem and cervical spinal cord of the rats were removed and the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord were dissected for biochemical analysis (the level of Malondialdehide [MDA], Nitric Oxide [NO], Reduced Glutathione [GSH], and Xanthine Oxidase [XO] activity). MDA, XO and NO levels in the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord of the diabetic group increased significantly, when compared with control and mexiletine groups (P < 0.05). GSH levels in the hippocampus, cortex, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord of the diabetic group decreased significantly when compared with control and mexiletine groups (P < 0.05).This study demonstrates that mexiletine protects the neuronal tissue against the diabetic oxidative damage. 相似文献
15.
To determine if ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is involved in the response to spinal cord injury, we studied changes in the expression of CNTF and that of its receptor, CNTF-receptor α (CNTFRα), in the rat spinal cord after a unilateral spinal cord hemisection. Using in situ hybridization, we found that CNTFRα mRNA levels in spinal cord motoneurons increased dramatically by 1 day after hemisecting the spinal cord at T2. This increase in expression was present only in motoneurons caudal, but not rostral, to the lesion. In addition, we detected increased levels of CNTF mRNA in the spinal cord white matter, also by 1 day following injury. Unlike CNTFRα, however, the increase in CNTF mRNA was evident both rostral and caudal to the lesion. Levels of both CNTF and CNTFRα mRNA declined between 1 and 5 days, and by 10 days they were not significantly different from normal animals. These findings suggest that CNTF may play a local role in the response to spinal cord injury. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 32: 251–261, 1997. 相似文献
16.
Camila C. Pinto Kamila C. Silva Subrata K. Biswas Natássia Martins José B. Lopes De Faria 《Free radical research》2013,47(10):1151-1158
The present study was undertaken to investigate the redox status in the retina of an experimental model that combines hypertension and diabetes. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their control Wystar Kyoto (WKY) rats were rendered diabetic and, after 20 days, the rats were sacrificed and the retinas collected. The superoxide production was higher in diabetic than in control WKY (p<0.03) and SHR rats showed elevated superoxide production compared with WKY groups (p<0.009). The glutathione antioxidant system was diminished only in diabetic SHR (p<0.04). Tirosyne nitration was higher in diabetic WKY and control SHR compared with control WKY (p<0.03), and further increment was observed in diabetic SHR (p<0.02). The DNA damage estimated by immunohystochemistry for 8-OHdG was higher in control SHR than in WKY, mainly in diabetic SHR (p<0.0001). Hypertension aggravates oxidative-induced cytotoxicity in diabetic retina due to increasing of superoxide production and impairment of antioxidative system. 相似文献
17.
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19.
Assessment of copper and zinc status in hair and urine of young women descendants of NIDDM parents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Satish K. Taneja Monika Mahajan Sumedha Gupta Kiran Pal Singh 《Biological trace element research》1998,62(3):255-264
The concentration of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in hair and urine were studied in young nonpregnant healthy women whose both
parents were diagnosed for noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM descendants) and were compared with those of young
healthy nonpregnant females with no family history of NIDDM or hypertension (non-NIDDM descendants) and NIDDM patients. The
concentration of Zn in hair in NIDDM descendants was significantly higher than that of non-NIDDM descendants (p < 0.001) and insignificantly higher than that of NIDDM patients. The hair Cu concentrations in NIDDM descendant and patients
were significantly lower than that of non-NIDDM descendants (p < 0.001). Hyperzincuria was detected in some NIDDM patients and hypocuperuria in all NIDDM descendants and patients. The
data suggest that the young healthy NIDDM descendants possess high-Zn and low-Cu reserves in their bodies, and the observed
perturbation appears to be associated with Cu-Zn antagonism. 相似文献
20.
Neonatal polycythemia is a perinatal complication in infants of diabetic mothers. The cord CBC (complete blood counts), serum iron, transferrin and ferritin concentrations were studied in newborn infants of 9 GDM (gestational diabetes), 21 NIDDM (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), and 8 IDDM (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) mothers. The RBC (red blood cell) count, Hb (hemoglobin) and Hct (hematocrit) of these infants were higher than control infants. There was no difference between the serum iron concentration of the infants of each group diabetic mothers and the infants in the control group, but the transferrin concentration was significantly higher and the ferritin was significantly lower in the infants of diabetic mothers than in those of control mothers. There was a significant negative correlation between transferrin and ferritin (r = -0.491 p less than 0.001). Erythropoiesis is considered to be enhanced in the fetuses of diabetic mothers, and the iron needed for erythropoiesis is reportedly transported from the mother to the fetus according to the demands of the fetus, but the iron storage was shown to be reduced in the fetuses of diabetic mothers. 相似文献