不同季节和基质对紫蝉扦插的影响(简报)

以紫蝉Allamanda violacea不同茎段作插条,在不同季节和基质中进行扦插试验。结果表明,插条为未木质化幼茎的成活率为0,不宜作扦插繁殖材料;插条为一年生木质化茎段的在春季扦插效果最好,在沙基质中扦插成活率为50%,平均生根32条,平均根长15 cm。扦插基质以红土为最好,扦插成活率为71%,平均生根43条,平均根长21 cm。综合试验,紫蝉扦插以一年生木质化茎段为插条在红土基质中春季扦插效果最优。     

西蒙得木扦插繁殖技术初探

西蒙得木以雨季扦插为最佳时间 ,其半木质化嫩枝扦插成活率为 6 4 .0 % ,而木质化老枝生根率仅 3.0 %。扦插基质对插条的生根率也有直接影响 ,用沙为基质的较好。平切法插条 ,以生长调节物质吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、萘乙酸和生根粉处理 ,可有效提高插条生根成活率     

半枫荷扦插育苗技术

采用正交试验设计,探讨植物生长调节剂种类、浓度、处理时间以及扦插基质、插条剪制方式与木质化程度对半枫荷Semiliquidambar cathayesis扦插生根率、根系数及苗高的影响。结果表明,插条采用200 mg·L-1 ABT1生根剂浸泡30 min后扦插于基质A(一层2 cm河沙,上覆一层2 cm黄泥土)中,生根率最高(90.3%),且插条平均根系数及苗高均最佳。影响插条上述生长指标的主次因素为基质种类＞生长调节剂种类＞生长调节剂浓度＞处理时间。不同插条处理中,以截取6 cm长半木质化嫩枝进行双削面处理的生根率最高,且根系数及苗高生长指标亦最佳。     

草珊瑚扦插技术研究

采用4因素3水平L_9(3~4)正交试验法,以生根率、生根数和平均根长为生根效果的评价指标,研究扦插基质、萘乙酸、吲哚丁酸、插穗部位对草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra扦插生根效果的影响。结果表明,插穗部位对草珊瑚扦插生根效果影响最大,其次是扦插基质,吲哚丁酸对扦插生根有抑制作用,萘乙酸则没有显著影响。草珊瑚扦插繁殖时用顶部插穗,扦插基质采用含沙黄土生根效果最好,生根率达98.12%,生根数每棵12.11条,平均根长8.31 cm。     

连翘全光喷雾扦插育苗试验

以连翘半木质化嫩枝作插条,进行了不同扦插时间、不同枝条扦插部位、不同浓度生根激素处理、不同扦插基质和不同喷雾次数等全光喷雾扦插育苗试验。结果表明:在7月中旬进行扦插,截取当年生半木质化枝条的中部或梢部作插条,扦插前用浓度300～500 mg/kg的ABT-6号生根粉浸泡枝条基部0.5 h,以沙壤土作扦插基质,保持每天7～9次喷雾次数,能缩短连翘愈伤组织形成时间,显著提高生根数和生根率。     

裸花紫珠嫩枝扦插生根影响因子研究

以2年生实生苗的嫩枝为试材,从基质、插条部位、留叶方式、扦插季节、外源激素种类及浓度5个方面对裸花紫珠的扦插生根因子进行了系统研究。测定插穗的生根率、偏根率、生根数量及最大根长,采用隶属函数值对扦插生根效果进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)8个基质处理中,以泥炭∶蛭石∶河沙按2∶1∶1体积比混合的基质扦插效果最好,生根率74%,平均生根数5.4条;(2)插条中、上部制取的插穗扦插效果优于下部,且中部插穗的生根质量最佳;(3)插穗留叶处理的生根率显著高于不留叶处理,留两片半叶(1/2叶)时,生根率可达64%;(4)秋季(9月)为扦插最适宜季节,生根数量和最大根长均显著高于春季(4月)和夏季(7月);(5)4个浓度下,IBA处理的生根质量均高于IAA和NAA处理,其中IBA(1 000、1 500 mg·L~(~(-1)))处理的扦插效果较好,而高浓度NAA(2 000、2 500 mg·L~(~(-1)))处理明显不利于生根。     

不同基质和扦插时间对‘中山杉118’插条生根的影响

选择抗逆性强、性状优良的‘中山杉118’当年生枝条为插穗,开展中山杉扦插繁殖育苗试验。以重庆万州区就地取材的1/2腐土、2/3腐土、全腐土、全沙土为扦插基质,6月和9月分别进行扦插,测量插条生根率、最长根、根粗、根木质化程度等指标。结果表明,1/2腐土的‘中山杉118’插条生根率最高,适合作为‘中山杉118’扦插基质;在扦插时间上,6月扦插比9月生根率高,木质化程度大,说明6月更适合‘中山杉118’扦插繁殖。     

木质化程度对兔眼蓝浆果不同品种插条扦插生根的影响

在常规扦插条件下,兔眼蓝浆果(Vaccinium ashei Reade)的‘园蓝'('Gardenblue')、‘梯芙蓝'('Tifblue')、‘顶峰'(‘Climax')和‘杰兔'(‘Premier')等4个品种的硬枝插条均不能生根;而春季3月份开始在全光照间歇弥雾条件下扦插6个月后,上述各品种的硬枝插条的生根率分别达到84%、52%、62%和79%. 在全光照间歇弥雾条件下,未木质化的绿枝插条也未能生根;木质化程度不同的绿枝插条均能生根,品种间生根率差异显著,‘园蓝'和‘杰兔' 的生根率显著高于‘梯芙蓝'和‘顶峰';各品种内木质化程度不同的绿枝插条之间的生根率差异显著,木质化程度越低,生根率越高.木质化程度不同的插条还在生根部位、生根数量、插条萌芽和插条基部腐烂等方面存在差异.     

千层金嫩枝扦插繁殖技术

本研究用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验方法,研究了基质、穗条长度、植物生长调节剂及其浓度对千层金嫩枝扦插生根率的影响.结果表明,基质和生长调节物质对生根率有极显著的影响,而植物生长调节剂浓度与穗条长度对生根率有显著的影响,4个因素对干层金嫩枝大田扦插生根率影响从大到小分别是基质、生长调节物质、植物生长调节剂浓度和穗条长度.用浓度100 mg/L的NAA浸泡9 cm插穗2 h,在混和基质上扦插,平均生根率可达92%,且生根及新梢抽出时间早,侧根数量多,扦插效果最好.     

野生何首乌茎蔓切段根芽生长影响因素研究

以野生何首乌茎蔓为材料,研究生根促进剂种类及浓度、插穗茎节数、扦插时间、扦插基质等对其切段生根及芽生长的影响.结果表明:在不同插穗茎节数处理中,以含有三个叶节的插穗成活率最高,扦插苗长势最好,含两个茎节的插穗次之,而含有一个茎节的插穗最差;不同生根促进剂种类及其浓度对扦插生根有显著或极显著影响,在九种生根试验处理中,以4×10"mg/L NAA的处理插穗生根成活率最高,4×10-4mg/L的IBA处理次之,混合药液效果最差;疏松肥沃的扦插基质有利于何首乌扦插苗生根和幼苗生长.何首乌扦插生根受温度、湿度的影响较大,在春季的3～4月扦插效果较好,生根成活率达79.8%.     

Chick Nutrition and Mortality in Captive Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus L. Lagopus)

Willow ptarmigan chicks were reared during 8 years on concentrates supplemented with blueberry plants. Mortality during the first 3 weeks after hatching ranged between 33 and 65 %, and was mainly caused by enteritis and digestive tract obstructions. The annual variations in chick survival seemed to be caused by the variations in plant phenology. The survival was highest when spring and blueberry plant development was late, and lowest when spring was early and warm, leading to early lignification of blueberry plant leaves.     

入侵杂草五爪金龙在切割处理下的再生能力

对五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica (Linn.) Sweet)进行切割试验,对其在不同光环境及不同季节的萌芽率、成活率、主茎长度和生物量等进行研究。结果表明:五爪金龙切条越短其萌芽越迟,其成活率、主茎长度和生物量下降;五爪金龙在光下和林下的成活率无显著差异,但林下生物量较低;切条越短,林下条件越不利于主茎的伸长;冬季五爪金龙的主茎长度和生物量最低;夏季在光下和林下不能再生的最长切条长度均为4 cm;秋季均为1 cm;而冬季光下为1 cm,林下为3 cm;春季光下则为4 cm,林下为5 cm。春季时将五爪金龙切割为5 cm并置于林下是最经济的防除方法;如果不考虑季节性及光条件,应将其切割至1 cm以下的片段,可以有效防止五爪金龙再生。     

福建厦门几种乡土香化植物的人工繁殖试验

选取4种观赏芳香植物进行人工繁殖试验以提高繁殖效率。播种试验中,深山含笑种子以50 ℃ GA3 300 mg·L^-1溶液人工催芽效果最好,发芽率、发芽势分别比去皮种子增加22.7%和17.3%;单叶蔓荆种子以50 ℃ GA3 1.0 g·L^-1溶液浸泡催芽效果最好,发芽率、发芽势分别比对照增加46.7%和25.4%。以植物生长调节剂预处理扦插枝条,栀子插穗用NAA 100 mg·L^-1 + IBA 100 mg·L^-1预处理,生根率、平均生根数、成活率最高,其生根率和成活率分别比对照增加18.7%和15.8%,平均生根数比对照提高58.9%;络石插穗用NAA 200 mg·L^-1＋IBA 200 mg·L^-1 预处理的生根效果最好,生根率、成活率分别比对照增加24.5%和19.1%,平均生根数比对照提高66.7%。     

Effects of micronutrients on the growth form of two families of Pinus radiata (D.Don) seedlings

Micro-element deficiencies have been implicated in the development of poor stem form in Pinus radiata plantations. Cu, Mn and B have been implicated in previous studies as influencing tree form and/or the process of lignification in plants. Therefore an experiment was initiated to examine the individual and interactive effects exhibited by these trace elements on stem form and lignification.The investigation showed that Cu deficiency reduced both lignification and stem form in seedlings. Mn, competing with Cu for uptake, enhanced the symptoms of Cu deficiency. Boron addition did not alleviate the expression of deformity or increase levels of lignification. There was a clear family influence on the development of seedling stem form in response to variations in mineral nutrition.     

Population dynamics of the Grey Partridge Perdix perdix 1793–1993: monitoring, modelling and management

The longest available bag record of Grey Partridges Perdix perdix in Great Britain (1793–1993) reveals a collapse of stocks after 1952 despite considerable annual variation. The annual fluctuations were attributable largely to annual variations in chick survival rate. The Game Conservancy Trust's National Game Census revealed that chick survival rates averaged 49% before the introduction of herbicides and 32% once their use became widespread. On a study area in Sussex, where spring density declined from around 21 pairs per km² in 1968 to under four pairs per km² in 1993, annual chick survival rates averaged 28% with no demonstrable trend. The annual over-winter "survival" rates in the area improved during 1968–1993, whereas brood production rates declined. Simulation modelling showed that a reduction in chick survival rate from 49% to 32% had little effect on spring stocks as long as nest predation was controlled but that stocks collapsed when nest predation control was relaxed. The effect of such a change in chick survival rate on population status was investigated by reference to 36 other studies in the literature. Amongst 20 studied populations which were stable, adjusting mean chick survival rates downwards produced demographic parameters characteristic of declining populations in all but two cases. Conversely, adjusting chick survival rates upwards for 16 declining populations made all but two stable. Diagnosing and remedying the causes of population change require a testable understanding of density-dependent factors and compensatory processes, best approached by a combination of monitoring, modelling and management.     

芳樟穗条性状对扦插成活率的影响

利用温室大棚进行芳樟容器扦插育苗试验。结果表明,芳樟穗条性状对扦插成活率的影响显著或极显著,同一枝条梢部穗条的扦插成活率显著高于中部、下部和基部;穗条长度10 cm、直径0.3 cm、带2片半叶、下切口切为斜面的穗条,扦插成活率高于其他处理。最佳穗条应是同一枝条靠梢部1～2段,长度10 cm左右、直径0.3 cm、带2片半叶、下切口成斜面的穗条。     

不同基质对多穗石柯扦插生根的影响

为了筛选适宜的多穗石柯(Lithocarpus polystachyus)扦插基质，以半木质化枝条为插穗，选取5种原料(园土、黄心土、泥炭土、河沙、椰糠)设置8个基质配方，并对各基质容重、总孔隙度、pH、电导率进行测定，探讨不同基质对多穗石柯扦插成活率、生根数量及根系长度的影响。结果表明，不同配方基质的理化性质不同，多穗石柯扦插成活率、根系数量和根系长度具有显著性差异；成活率、根系数量和根系长度与基质的理化性质存在显著相关，总孔隙度大的基质不利于多穗石柯扦插成活和根系生长，pH和电导率较低的基质中多穗石柯扦插成活率较高；基质园土:黄心土:河沙(1:1:1)最适宜多穗石柯扦插繁殖，扦插成活率最高，为86.75%，其次是基质黄心土:河沙(2:1)。     

猕猴桃不同季节的嫁接法比较试验

在湖北的试验表明,猕猴桃春季嫁接以切接法较好,夏秋季嫁接则以单芽枝腹接法较好;嫁接后采用遮阳网遮荫可以显著提高嫁接成活率,但对出圃率无明显影响。     

Relationship between the timing of vessel formation and leaf phenology in ten ring-porous and diffuse-porous deciduous tree species

The goal of this study is to clarify how different aspects of plant function are coordinated developmentally for species of ring-porous versus diffuse-porous deciduous trees, comparing the timing of leaf phenology and vessel formation in twigs and stems from an ecophysiological viewpoint. Cylindrical stem cores and twigs were collected at intervals from early spring through summer from five ring-porous and five diffuse-porous species in a cool temperate forest, and leaf and vessel formation were observed simultaneously. We found that the first-formed vessels of the year were lignified in twigs around the time of leaf appearance and at or before full leaf expansion of each tree in both groups of species with flush-leaves. Vessels in stems were lignified 2 weeks before to 4 weeks after leaf appearance and before or around full leaf expansion of the tree in ring-porous species. This was significantly earlier than in diffuse-porous species, in which stem vessel lignification was 2–8 weeks after leaf appearance and at or after full leaf expansion of the tree. The timing of vessel formation in twigs compared to stems was significantly earlier in ring-porous species than in diffuse-porous species. Lignification of vessels in stems occurred within 2 weeks of lignification in the twigs of ring-porous species and 2–8 weeks after lignification in twigs of diffuse-porous species. These results indicate the order and time-lag of leaf and vessel formation. Ring-porous species showed intensive leaf/vessel production, whereas diffuse-porous species showed less intensive leaf/vessel production.     

南板蓝扦插繁殖技术研究

研究了不同基质、插穗不同部位、不同节数和不同植物生长调节剂对南板蓝扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明, 不同基质、插穗不同部位、不同节数和不同植物生长调节剂对插穗生根的影响均有显著差异。其中以河沙∶珍珠岩=2∶1混合基质的扦插效果最好、生根率达93.3%;顶部插穗的生根率达94.2%;2节插穗的生根率为90.7%;100mg/LIBA扦插生根率最高,达94.5%。采用适当的方法有利于提高南板蓝扦插的繁殖系数。