金银花及其药理作用

金银花是一种历史悠久的传统中药。除具有清热解毒、抗多种病原微生物、保肝等作用外,它又是一种良好的园林绿化植物。近年来它的一些新功能逐渐被研究发现。对金银花的生物学特性、理化成分和生理、病理功能等方面进行概述,以期为金银花资源的开发利用和进一步研究提供参考。     

大黄的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

大黄在我国传统医学中应用已久,是一味功效诸多,且药效显著的中药,临床应用十分广泛。现对大黄化学成分、结构及药理作用进行综述,并对大黄应用前景进行展望。     

复方五味子口服液对小鼠的药理作用

研究了复方五味子口服液对小鼠学习记忆、抗氧化和免疫功能的影响,结果表明：复方五味子口服液对D-gal所致小鼠亚急性衰老模型具有提高SOD活性和降低MDA含量的作用,有降低小鼠自主活动的作用,能提高小鼠耐缺氧能力,并且改善戊巴比妥钠所致小鼠记忆障碍,同时可明显促进小鼠淋巴细胞的增殖及网状内皮吞噬功能。     

积雪草药理作用的研究

对伞形科植物积雪草的药理作用进行综述,为积雪草的研究提供基础资料,以便该资源在多领域得到充分利用。     

黄芪叶药理作用研究

研究了黄芪叶的药理作用。口服给药观察对D-半孔糖所致衰老小鼠的抗衰老作用及抗氧化作用;对二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀的影响;对CCl4引起的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响。结果表明：黄芪叶可提高小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和降低血清中过氧化脂质(LPO)的含量,能降低血清中谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的活性。对二甲苯引起的小鼠耳肿胀具有抑制作用。黄芪叶具有良好的抗炎、抗衰老作用,能有效地保护肝脏。     

齐墩果酸药理作用研究

齐墩果酸具有多种药理作用,并已经应用于临床。本文综述了近些年来齐墩果酸的药理作用和其相关的作用机制的研究进展,并对其研究前景进行展望。     

三子丸化学成分和药理作用的研究进展

三子丸是由三种果实类中药,即五味子、蛇床子和菟丝子。组成的中药复方,临床上主要用于治疗虚证,多用于男性患者的肾气虚证。本文综述了三子丸复方中三味中药的化学成分,分析方法及其生物活性的研究进展,为三子丸的进一步开发利用提供了有力依据。     

谷氨酰胺的药理作用

谷氨酰胺是肠粘膜上皮细胞,肾小管细胞,淋巴细胞,巨噬细胞及成纤维细胞等的重要能量物质。在促进免疫功能,维持肠道机能,改善酸碱平衡失调及提高机体对创伤、感染等应急的适应方面有极其重要的药理作用。动物实验及临床研究表明谷氨酰胺及其二肽和类似物没有任何毒性及不良反应,如何将谷氨酰胺应用于临床将是今后的主要研究方向。     

甘草的药理作用概述

通过对国内外期刊中有关甘草药理作用的文献进行查阅,综述了甘草具有肾上腺皮质激素样作用、抗消化性溃疡、解痉、抗炎及免疫抑制作用和解毒、抗病毒、镇咳祛痰、抗肿瘤、抑菌、防治肝损害、抗衰老、抗心律失常、抑制气道平滑肌细胞增生、降血脂与抗动脉粥样硬化等药理作用,其临床应用有广阔的前号。     

仙人掌的用途及药理作用研究概况

本对仙人掌的用途及药理作用进行了综述。仙人掌属植物既可以当蔬菜食用也可当茶饮用;作为药用,临床上用途广泛,既可外用、又能口服。仙人掌能够降血糖、血脂、血压、抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、增加免疫力及治疗胃溃疡;同时仙人掌还能用于减肥、美容等。     

Sigma-1 受体的药理学作用及相关药物研究进展

常见的神经系统疾病如药物成瘾及其导致的神经毒性、神经精神疾病、神经退行性疾病等,严重影响人类健康与正常生活。而临 床上现有的相关治疗药物往往会导致锥体外系反应等副作用,且用药后治疗不够彻底,疾病易复发,因此,开发新靶点及新型有效、安 全的相关治疗药物,迫在眉睫。Sigma-1 受体是一种受体型分子伴侣,参与多种神经传导系统的调节,可与多种精神类药物结合,有望 成为神经系统调节药物的重要靶点。研究发现,有些小分子配体对 Sigma-1 受体具有良好的亲和力,在药物成瘾、精神分裂症、抑郁症、 阿尔茨海默病等疾病中显示出较好疗效。对 Sigma-1 受体的药理学作用以及相关小分子配体药物的研发作一综述。     

Investigation of the Effects of Some Drugs and Phenolic Compounds on Human Dihydrofolate Reductase Activity

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism and cell growth. Inhibition of this enzyme will cause a decrease in the amount of folate that occurs in many metabolic processes, and the deficiency of which may cause various diseases. This study investigated the effects of some drugs and phenolic compounds on DHFR activity in vitro. To determine the inhibitory effect of compounds, enzyme activity was measured with a final concentration of an inhibitor ranging from 10 μM to 51 mM. DHFR was inhibited effectively by naringin, ferulic acid, and levofloxacin with IC₅₀ values under 660 μM. Syringic acid, cefepime, ceftizoxime, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime exhibited inhibitory effects on the enzyme activity with IC₅₀ values in the range of 3.840–30.224 mM. K_i constants were calculated using the Cheng–Prusoff equation. K_i constants calculated in the range of 0.009–2.024 mM with respect to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH) and in the range of 0.060–5.830 mM about FH₂.     

Antitussive and expectorant activities of licorice and its major compounds

Licorice has been used as an antitussive and expectorant herbal medicine for a long history. This work evaluated the activities of 14 major compounds and crude extracts of licorice, using the classical ammonia-induced cough model and phenol red secretion model in mice. Liquiritin apioside (1), liquiritin (2), and liquiritigenin (3) at 50?mg/kg (i.g.) could significantly decrease cough frequency by 30–78% (p?<?.01). The antitussive effects could be partially antagonized by the pretreatment of methysergide or glibenclamide, but not naloxone. Moreover, compounds 1–3 showed potent expectorant activities after 3?days treatment (p?<?.05). The water and ethanol extracts of licorice, which contain abundant 1 and 2, could decrease cough frequency at 200?mg/kg by 25–59% (p?<?.05), and enhance the phenol red secretion (p?<?.05), while the ethyl acetate extract showed little effect. These results indicate liquiritin apioside and liquiritin are the major antitussive and expectorant compounds of licorice. Their antitussive effects depend on both peripheral and central mechanisms.     

比较MoCA和MMSE在卒中后认知功能筛查中的应用

目的：比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表（Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA）和简易智能量表（mini-mental state examination,MMSE）在急性缺血性脑卒中后认知损害筛查中的应用。方法：对65例缺血性脑卒中患者在发病14天内应用简易精神状态检查量表（Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE）和MoCA进行神经心理评估。其中12例患者在发病3-6个月后应用MMSE、MoCA和神经心理成套测验进行神经心理评估。以MMSE〈23分、MoCA〈21为分界值,受教育年限小于12年加1分,文盲加2分。结果：MMSE的平均分值为25.2±4.3,MoCA的平均分值为18.6±5.7。37例患者MoCA评分显示有认知损害,但其中19例患者（29%）MMSE评分显示正常。28例MoCA评估显示认知正常的患者的MMSE评分均显示认知正常。视空间与执行功能、注意和语言重复测试受损最常见,定向和命名受损较少。在3-6个月的随访期内,12例患者中1例诊断为血管性痴呆患者的MoCA的分值上升1分,MMSE分值无变化;5例认知正常患者、3例轻度认知损害无痴呆的患者和3例中度认知损害无痴呆的患者MMSE和MoCA平均分值均有不同程度的上升,视空间与执行功能平均得分值在2次检测中无明显变化。结论：MoCA较MMSE检出血管性认知功能障碍患者敏感性更高,对认知变化更为敏感。     

比较MoCA和MMSE在卒中后认知功能筛查中的应用

目的:比较蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)和简易智能量表(mini-mental state examination,MMSE)在急性缺血性脑卒中后认知损害筛查中的应用。方法:对65例缺血性脑卒中患者在发病14天内应用简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)和MoCA进行神经心理评估。其中12例患者在发病3-6个月后应用MMSE、MoCA和神经心理成套测验进行神经心理评估。以MMSE<23分、MoCA<21为分界值,受教育年限小于12年加1分,文盲加2分。结果:MMSE的平均分值为25.2±4.3,MoCA的平均分值为18.6±5.7。37例患者MoCA评分显示有认知损害,但其中19例患者(29%)MMSE评分显示正常。28例MoCA评估显示认知正常的患者的MMSE评分均显示认知正常。视空间与执行功能、注意和语言重复测试受损最常见,定向和命名受损较少。在3-6个月的随访期内,12例患者中1例诊断为血管性痴呆患者的MoCA的分值上升1分,MMSE分值无变化;5例认知正常患者、3例轻度认知损害无痴呆的患者和3例中度认知损害无痴呆的患者MMSE和MoCA平均分值均有不同程度的上升,视空间与执行功能平均得分值在2次检测中无明显变化。结论:MoCA较MMSE检出血管性认知功能障碍患者敏感性更高,对认知变化更为敏感。     

Investigation of the Mutation Points and Effects of Some Drugs on Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase-deficient People in the Erzurum Region

We have carried out a systematic study of the molecular basis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency on three samples of 1,183 children aged 0.5–6 years from Erzurum, in eastern Anatolia. Total genomic DNAs were isolated from the blood samples of a healthy person and the three persons determined with G6PD deficiency by examining the enzyme activity and hemoglobin ratio. Then PCR amplification of the entire coding region in eight fragments was carried out followed by Agarose gel electrophoresis. The 540-bp PCR fragment containing exons VI-VII and the 550 bp PCR fragment containing exons XI-XIII were digested with EcoRI and with NIaIII, respectively. SSCP techniques for eight fragments (exons II, III-IV, V, VI-VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI-XIII) were employed to determine the mutations on the exons of the G6PD gene. A mutation occurred on the region of the exons 6 and 7 of one person (person-1) and exon 5 of two G6PD-deficient persons (person 2 and 3) examined. The sequential approach described is fast and efficient and could be applied to other populations.

Effects of analgesic drugs on G6PD were studied on the purified enzyme (ammonium fractionation, dialysis and 2',5' ADP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography) for the healthy person and G6PD-deficient persons 1, 2 and 3. The effects of remifentanil hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate, alfentanil hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride, as analgesic drugs, on G6PD activity were tested. Although remifentanil hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate (I₅₀ values; 1.45 mM and 6.1 mM, respectively) inhibited the activity of the enzyme belonging to the healthy person, they did not alter enzyme activity on two of the three persons with G6PD deficiency. Other drugs (alfentanil hydrochloride and pethidine hydrochloride) did not effect the enzyme activity of the healthy or G6PD-deficient children.     

不同来源肝细胞在体外降脂药物评价中药效反应的对比

目的:通过对比不同来源的人肝癌细胞系HepG2和原代大鼠肝细胞在体外降脂药物评价中药效反应,指导两种肝细胞在体外降脂药物评价中的实际应用。方法:用游离脂肪酸(油酸/棕榈酸,2:1)诱导HepG2细胞、原代大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性,并用100μmol·L-1苯扎贝特干预,检测细胞内甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、活性氧(ROS)含量,细胞内脂滴数目、并检测细胞上清液中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:FFA刺激使HepG2细胞和原代大鼠肝细胞脂质沉积(TG、脂滴)和氧化应激(ROS、MDA、SOD)水平上升。苯扎贝特对HepG2细胞1 mmol·L-1FFA造模组和原代大鼠肝细胞0.5 mmol·L-1FFA造模组脂质沉积和氧化应激水平改善显著;而HepG2细胞0.5 mmol·L-1FFA造模组和原代大鼠肝细胞1 mmol·L-1FFA造模组脂质沉积和氧化应激水平在苯扎贝特干预后变化不明显。结论:在相同FFA造模浓度,原代大鼠肝细胞病理特征变化更为明显;苯扎贝特对两种肝细胞在脂质沉积和氧化应激水平的作用也不完全相同。因而HepG2细胞和原代大鼠肝细胞在体外降脂药物评价中药效反应是不完全相同的。