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抗癌药物的毒副作用限制了其临床应用,纳米药物载体可实现药物在病灶部位的聚集而不影响正常组织,从而降低药物毒副作用.在药物载体表面修饰靶向配体,以提高药物载体主动靶向进入到细胞的能力,可有效地将药物释放到靶细胞,大大提高药效.核酸适配体(aptamer)作为一种新型的靶向分子,近几年已被运用到靶向药物传递的研究中.本文介绍了几种适配体靶向载药体系,如适配体-药物、适配体-脂质体、适配体-聚合物胶束、适配体-聚合物纳米颗粒、适配体-金属颗粒以及适配体-支化聚合物等载药体系,并对当前研究的热点以及存在的问题和不足进行了评述. 相似文献
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肿瘤靶向性病毒作为一种特殊的肿瘤治疗药物和基因治疗载体近年来已得到长足发展,许多高效、靶向性病毒载体已被相继研究开发,但仍不能满足临床上肿瘤靶向治疗的需要,如何将这些靶向病毒准确而高效地运输到肿瘤病变部位仍然未得到充分解决.细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞(cytokine-inducedkillercells,CIK)作为肿瘤的细胞治疗方法之一已成功地在临床上得到了广泛应用.最近科学家使用CIK细胞作为病毒运载工具,成功地将病毒运载到肿瘤组织部位并显示出高效的抗肿瘤作用,该方法为病毒运输定位于肿瘤病变部位找到了突破口,实验资料显示其具有潜在的应用价值. 相似文献
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随着信使核糖核酸(messengerRNA,mRNA)技术的不断发展,m RNA药物在近些年展现出了广阔的应用前景。m RNA自身易被降解且难以直接入胞,因此m RNA递送载体一直是m RNA药物研发的重点之一。尽管脂质纳米颗粒(lipid nanoparticles, LNP)已经广泛应用于m RNA的递送,但LNP倾向于在肝脏聚集,并且重复给药后容易诱发机体炎症反应从而导致组织损伤。相比LNP,病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles, VLP)具有生物相容性高、安全性高的优势,有望为m RNA递送提供新的解决思路。本文从实际应用需求出发,根据VLP实现mRNA递送的几个步骤,即颗粒组装、递送入胞和胞内释放,对该领域的研究进展进行综述,为开发新型VLP递送载体提供依据和设计思路,从而推动VLP载体在m RNA递送领域的发展,为mRNA疗法的研究和应用提供新的可能。 相似文献
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寡核苷酸包括反义核酸和干扰RNA等,它们能够为多种疾病提供快速、特异性的治疗,具有很高的应用潜力。然而这些分子能否有效地传递到特定的细胞和组织对于最终的临床应用非常关键。靶向性的传递能够提高寡核苷酸药物的特异性和使用效率,使药物分子能有效到达作用位点,进而发挥它们的治疗效果。一些基于不同平台的靶向性配体传递策略已经形成,并能够很好的发挥其生物学活性。本文针对当前该研究领域的进展提供一个概述。 相似文献
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靶向性是肿瘤治疗取得成功的关键因素。病毒载体用于治疗肿瘤的过程中必须要求特异性作用于肿瘤细胞的同时降低对正常细胞的毒性。腺相关病毒(adeno-associated virus,AAV)较其他病毒载体具有免疫原性小、宿主范围广和介导基因可长期表达等优点,因此得到了广泛的应用。然而,AAV载体针对肿瘤的靶向性一直是近年研究的热点和难点。现就AAV载体治疗肿瘤的概况和靶向策略以及其安全性等方面作一综述。 相似文献
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【目的】获得具有结肠靶向的纳米载体。【方法】采用SOE-PCR方法将具有结肠靶向的TK肽序列插入到猪细小病毒(PPV)结构蛋白VP2的环2和环4区域得到TK-vp2(?vp2)基因,在Bac-to-Bac?杆状病毒表达系统中构建、表达和自组装。【结果】通过SOE-PCR方法扩增获得?vp2基因,在Bac-to-Bac?杆状病毒表达系统中构建得到Bacmid-?vp2,经脂质体转染至Sf9昆虫细胞得到重组杆状病毒。直接免疫荧光试验、SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果表明?VP2蛋白在Bac-to-Bac?杆状病毒表达系统中获得融合表达,目的蛋白约70 k D;透射电子显微镜结果显示?VP2能自组装形成病毒样颗粒(TK-VLPs),直径范围在22 nm-30 nm。【结论】获得纳米载体TK-VLPs,为进一步研究其作为结肠靶向的纳米载体奠定物质基础。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosomes)是细胞分泌的囊泡,在细胞与细胞之间通信中发挥重要作用。由于其固有的长距离通信能力和出色的生物相容性而具有很大的潜力作为药物递送载体,尤其适合递送蛋白质、核酸、基因治疗剂等治疗药物。许多研究表明外泌体可以有效地将许多不同种类的货物递送至靶细胞,因此,它们常被作为药物载体用于治疗。对外泌体作为药物递送系统中面临的外泌体分离,药物装载和靶向治疗应用的进展与挑战作一介绍,以期更好为外泌体药物递送系统开发提供新思路。 相似文献
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病毒样颗粒(Virus-like particles,VLPs)是由病毒的一种或几种结构蛋白自行装配而成的类似天然病毒形态的空心蛋白颗粒。VLPs直径约20~200nm,具有规整的空间结构和良好的生物相容性,其表面有带有活性基团的氨基酸,可以作为嵌合载体递呈和展示同源或外源的表位抗原、肽和药物等各种材料。VLPs作为嵌合载体在新型疫苗、基因治疗、药物的靶向运输、造影等方面具有重要作用。本文对病毒样颗粒作为嵌合载体的国内外研究进展进行概述,为其进一步研究和利用提供参考。 相似文献
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Significant progress has been made in targeting melanoma using small molecule inhibitors, but challenges remain. Here we describe the history of screening approaches in melanoma and their limitations. We propose several approaches to refine our screening models to enhance the discovery process. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate further improvements in our development of small molecules inhibitors for treatment of melanoma patients. 相似文献
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The liposome- vesicles made by a double phospholipidic layers which may encapsulate aqueous solutions- have been introduced as drug delivery vehicles due to their structural flexibility in size, composition and bilayer fluidity as well as their ability to incorporate a large variety of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. With time the liposome formulations have been perfected so as to serve certain purposes and this lead to the design of \"intelligent\" liposomes which can stand specifically induced modifications of the bilayers or can be surfaced with different ligands that guide them to the specific target sites. We present here a brief overview of the current strategies in the design of liposomes as drug delivery carriers and the medical applications of liposomes in humans. 相似文献
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磁性纳米材料具有独特的磁学性质,可响应外磁场,产生力、热等效应。如在静磁场下将药物磁靶向递送至肿瘤部位;低频交变磁场下可将纳米药物主动渗透至病灶部位,实现瘤内均一分布;中频交变磁场作用下磁滞损耗产生热和增强的活性氧,用于肿瘤治疗。磁性纳米材料同时具有尺寸依赖的磁学性质以及表面多功能化等特点,可将磁靶向、分子靶向以及磁热疗联合。此外,磁性纳米材料具有磁共振成像性能以及纳米酶催化特性,使其在肿瘤诊疗一体化治疗方面获得了广泛应用。近年来,纳米给药系统不断被优化,基于磁性纳米材料的肿瘤靶向治疗也得到了长足的发展。鉴于此,本文围绕提高靶向肿瘤治疗效果,从磁靶向药物治疗、被动靶向磁热疗和主动分子靶向磁热疗、纳米酶特性以及诊疗一体化应用等几方面出发,综述了基于磁性纳米材料的肿瘤靶向治疗研究进展。 相似文献
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The 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay is used successfully to estimate the number of viable cells in drug screening trials. We used the MTT assay to assess the viability of a rodent ovarian carcinoma cell line (DMBA-OC-1R) after exposure to combinations of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil as free drug and in encapsulated (conjugated and unconjugated) forms. After 48 h of exposure to free drugs, a significant trend towards cell cytotoxicity could be observed and this was well established by 120 h. Cells treated with drug-containing immuno-microspheres showed a similar initial decrease in cell viability after 96 h, and this was maintained for 128 h. These results suggest that immuno-microspheres loaded with chemotherapeutic drugs have the potential to be successfully used in the treatment of ovarian cancer. 相似文献
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Anshita Gupta Chanchal Deep Kaur Shailendra Saraf 《Journal of receptor and signal transduction research》2017,37(3):314-323
Targeted drug delivery through folate receptor (FR) has emerged as a most biocompatible, target oriented, and non-immunogenic cargoes for the delivery of anticancer drugs. FRs are highly overexpressed in many tumor cells (like ovarian, lung, breast, kidney, brain, endometrial, and colon cancer), and targeting them through conjugates bearing specific ligand with encapsulated nanodrug moiety is undoubtedly, a promising approach toward tumor targeting. Folate, being an endogenous ligand, can be exploited well to affect various cellular events occurring during the progress of tumor, in a more natural and definite way. Thus, the aim of the review lies in summarizing the advancements taken place in the drug delivery system of different therapeutics through FRs and to refine its role as an endogenous ligand, in targeting of synthetic as well as natural bioactives. The review also provides an update on the patents received on the folate-based drug delivery system. 相似文献
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Biophysical characterization of layer‐by‐layer synthesis of aptamer‐drug microparticles for enhanced cell targeting
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Kei X. Tan Michael K. Danquah Amandeep Sidhu Sie Yon Lau Clarence M. Ongkudon 《Biotechnology progress》2018,34(1):249-261
Targeted delivery of drug molecules to specific cells in mammalian systems demonstrates a great potential to enhance the efficacy of current pharmaceutical therapies. Conventional strategies for pharmaceutical delivery are often associated with poor therapeutic indices and high systemic cytotoxicity, and this result in poor disease suppression, low surviving rates, and potential contraindication of drug formulation. The emergence of aptamers has elicited new research interests into enhanced targeted drug delivery due to their unique characteristics as targeting elements. Aptamers can be engineered to bind to their cognate cellular targets with high affinity and specificity, and this is important to navigate active drug molecules and deliver sufficient dosage to targeted malignant cells. However, the targeting performance of aptamers can be impacted by several factors including endonuclease‐mediated degradation, rapid renal filtration, biochemical complexation, and cell membrane electrostatic repulsion. This has subsequently led to the development of smart aptamer‐immobilized biopolymer systems as delivery vehicles for controlled and sustained drug release to specific cells at effective therapeutic dosage and minimal systemic cytotoxicity. This article reports the synthesis and in vitro characterization of a novel multi‐layer co‐polymeric targeted drug delivery system based on drug‐loaded PLGA‐Aptamer‐PEI (DPAP) formulation with a stage‐wise delivery mechanism. A thrombin‐specific DNA aptamer was used to develop the DPAP system while Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was used as a biopharmaceutical drug in the synthesis process by ultrasonication. Biophysical characterization of the DPAP system showed a spherical shaped particulate formulation with a unimodal particle size distribution of average size ~0.685 µm and a zeta potential of +0.82 mV. The DPAP formulation showed a high encapsulation efficiency of 89.4 ± 3.6%, a loading capacity of 17.89 ± 0.72 mg BSA protein/100 mg PLGA polymeric particles, low cytotoxicity and a controlled drug release characteristics in 43 days. The results demonstrate a great promise in the development of DPAP formulation for enhanced in vivo cell targeting. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:249–261, 2018 相似文献
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Susan Hua 《Journal of liposome research》2013,23(4):357-367
AbstractTargeted delivery of therapeutics to the uterus is an important goal in the treatment of obstetric complications, such as preterm labour, postpartum hemorrhage, and dysfunctional labour. Current treatment for these obstetric complications is challenging, as there are limited effective and safe therapeutic options available. We have developed a targeted drug delivery system for the uterus by conjugating anti-oxytocin receptor (OTR) antibodies to the surface of PEGylated liposomes (OTR-PEG-ILs). The functionality of the OTR-PEG-ILs has previously been evaluated on human and murine myometrial tissues as well as in vivo in a murine model of preterm labour. The aim of this study was to report the pharmaceutical synthesis and characterization of the OTR-PEG-ILs and investigate their specific cellular interaction with OTR-expressing myometrial cells in vitro. Immunoliposomes composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-2-phosphocholine (DSPC) and cholesterol were prepared using an optimized method for the coupling of low concentrations of antibody to liposomes. The liposomes were characterized for particle size, antibody conjugation, drug encapsulation, liposome stability, specificity of binding, cellular internalization, mechanistic pathway of cellular uptake, and cellular toxicity. Cellular association studies demonstrated specific binding of OTR-PEG-ILs to OTRs and significant cellular uptake following binding. Evaluation of the mechanistic pathway of cellular uptake indicated that they undergo internalization through both clathrin- and caveolin-mediated mechanisms. Furthermore, cellular toxicity studies have shown no significant effect of OTR-PEG-ILs or the endocytotic inhibitors on cell viability. This study further supports oxytocin receptors as a novel pharmaceutical target for drug delivery to the uterus. 相似文献
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作为药物递送载体,脂质体(LPs)由于免疫原性低、稳定性好、毒性低和成本低而被认为是有前途的纳米药物递送系统。然而,LPs的靶向递送效果并不理想,往往会对正常的机体细胞造成伤害,因此,如何优化LPs药物,使其具有靶向性仍然是当前研究的重点。本文结合近年来国内外相关研究进展,重点介绍了多肽、抗体、糖类、配体,以及核酸适配体等靶向修饰物对LPs功能的影响,并归纳总结了各种靶向修饰目前存在的优势与挑战,以期对LPs给药系统的进一步研究提供科学参考及新药研发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Scott RC Wang B Nallamothu R Pattillo CB Perez-Liz G Issekutz A Del Valle L Wood GC Kiani MF 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2007,96(4):795-802
Immunoliposome (IL) targeting to areas of inflammation after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) could provide the means by which pro-angiogenic compounds can be selectively targeted to the infarcted region. The adhesion of model drug carriers and ILs coated with an antibody to P-selectin was quantified in a rat model of MI following left coronary artery ligation. Anti-P-selectin coated model drug carriers showed a 140% and 180% increase in adhesion in the border zone of the MI 1 and 4 h post-MI, respectively. Radiolabeled anti-P-selectin ILs injected immediately post-MI and allowed to circulate 24 h showed an 83% increase in targeting to infarcted myocardium when compared to adjacent non-infarcted myocardium. Radiolabeled anti-P-selectin ILs injected 4 h post-MI and allowed to circulate for 24 h showed a 92% increase in accumulation in infarcted myocardium when compared to adjacent non-infarcted myocardium. Targeting to upregulated adhesion molecules on the endothelium provides a promising strategy for selectively delivering compounds to the infarct region of the myocardium using our liposomal-based drug delivery vehicle. 相似文献